TCC-Hum2230 Midterm 2015 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson's argument for freedom was inspired by
answer
John Locke
question
Which of the following European countries did NOT provide the colonists financial and naval support in their fight against British rule?
answer
Germany
question
In France, what triggered the events leading to revolution?
answer
The national debt
question
Why did the French peasant and working-class women march on Versailles in 1789?
answer
To demand bread
question
Which of the following was NOT a reform instituted by the French Constitutional Congress?
answer
Providing each citizen two loaves of bread per week
question
Why did the French Tribunal order execution of Maximiliean Robespierre, one of the leaders of the revolution and new government?
answer
For ordering so many executions himself
question
Why did Neoclassicism become the preferred style in late 18th-century United States?
answer
To reflect the new government, which was formed on classical ideas
question
Why did Jefferson locate Monticello on a hilltop?
answer
Hilltops were traditional sites of Greek or Roman temples
question
How is David's Napoleon Crossing the Saint-Bernard historically inaccurate?
answer
Napoleon crossed the Alps on a mule, not a white horse
question
Why did North American slaveholders aim to gather Africans of differing backgrounds and languages?
answer
To reduce the chances of an uprising
question
Why did the factories tend to employ unskilled single young women and widows?
answer
They worked for lower wages than men
question
The English Factory Act of 1833
answer
banned employment of children under age nine.
question
What theme is at the heart of Dickens' socially realistic writings?
answer
Advocating reform for the poor
question
Why did Neoclassically-trained Theodore Gericault paint the disturbingly realistic The Raft of Medusa?
answer
To protest aristocratic privilege
question
What Western male belief do the French odalisque (concubine) paintings show?
answer
Male dominance of women
question
Why did Louis XIII purchase and then store away Eugene Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People?
answer
It would insight commoners to rebel
question
The French public and critics objected to Gustave Courbet's paintins because of his
answer
depiction of commoners on a grand scale.
question
Why did so many people move to London between 1800 and 1880?
answer
To be near their jobs in the factories
question
Why could Charles Dickens describe the suffering of Londn's poor so vividly and accurately?
answer
He had grown up in those conditions
question
What about Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres's Le Grande Odalisque did viewers immediately recognize as being unrealistic?
answer
The woman's back has too many vertebrae.
question
What about America attracted artist Thomas Cole that he claimed had "long since been destroyed or modified" in Europe?
answer
the wilderness
question
All of the following are characteristics of Hudson River School paintings EXCEPT
answer
overt political messages.
question
Henry David Thoreau began his Walden Pond experiment to
answer
live simply.
question
In Herman Melville's Moby Dick, the white whale seems to symbolize
answer
the natural world's uncontrollable elements.
question
What other movement did Sojourner Truth and others view as part of the abolitionist movement?
answer
women's rights
question
How did the American Civil War change the nature of warfare?
answer
It was mechanized and impersonal, with no pageantry
question
In A Harvest of Death, Gettysburg, PA, July 1863, Timothy O'Sullivan and Alexander Gardener deliberately blurred the foreground and background to
answer
draw attention to the central corpses.
question
Why, in 1877, did Southern African Americans lose many of the freedoms they had gained from the Civil War?
answer
Union troops withdrew from the South.
question
Why does Huckleberry Finn decide not to turn in the runaway slave Jim for a reward?
answer
Huck has learned to appreciate Jim's humanity.
question
In The Veteran in a New Field, Winslow Homer creates a sense of optimism by
answer
bathing the scene in a glowing golden light.
question
Using a man's name and dressing as a man.
answer
How did George Sand challenge sexual stereotypes?
question
be inherently Unfair.
answer
Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx wanted to eliminate capitalism, believing it to?
question
To shock the bourgeoisie.
answer
According to Baudelaire, what was the greatest job of the flaneur (man-about-town) like himself and Edouard Manet?
question
The two dressed men are oblivious to the nude female The subject is too mundane for the painting's grand scale.
answer
Why, in part, did Manet's Le Dejeuner sur l'herbe (Luncheon on the Grass) distubr its viewers?
question
Promiscuity.
answer
What does the black cat at the end of the bed in Manet's Olympia symbolize?
question
Heredity and environment.
answer
According to Emile Zola, what two factors over which they have no control determine people's lives?
question
To reflect a new imperial style.
answer
Why did Charles Garnier design the facade of the Paris Opera House to be a merger of Neoclassical and Baroque?
question
Include a dance scene.
answer
How did Verdi have to change his operas so they would be produced in Paris?
question
Titian's Reclining Nude.
answer
What earlier work does Manet's Olympia mirror?
question
To make the words more understandable.
answer
In his operas why did Wagner shift the melodic element from the singer to the orchestra?
question
Why does Louis XIV wear red high-heeled shoes in Hyacinthe Rigaud's portrait?
answer
To elevate his 5'4" height
question
Why has the era of Louis XIV's reign become known as the Age of Absolutism?
answer
Louis was a strong monarch who exerted power based on divine right
question
How was Louis able to maintain such a well-disciplined, loyal army?
answer
The army was well-supplied and regularly paid
question
What is meant by a Rubenesque figure?
answer
Fleshy and voluptuous
question
According to Poussin, what should be a painting's subject matter?
answer
Classical mythology or Christian tradition
question
What new dance form emerged form Louis's court?
answer
Minuet
question
Why did the English Parliament raise an army against King Charles I in 1642?
answer
For proposing changes in the Church of England's liturgy
question
Why did the New England Puritants have themselves painted in luxurious attire?
answer
Prosperity was their reward for being a good Christian
question
Which Baroque artist greatly influenced Diego Velazquez's paintings?
answer
Caravaggio
question
Why did the Spanish program to convert the Pueblo to Christianity fail in 1680?
answer
The Pueblo revolted and killed many of the Spanish
question
What is a defining characteristic of Baroque art?
answer
Attention to viewer's emotional experience of a work
question
Why did Baroque artists place elements on a diagonal, not the Renaissance frontal and parallel planes?
answer
To produce a sense of action
question
In his Cornaro Chapel sculptural program, with that did Bernini equate Saint Teresa's religious vision?
answer
Sexual orgasm
question
While his coworkers constructed his designs, what hobby did Bernini pursue?
answer
Writing plays and designing stage sets
question
Why did Caravaggio portray his subject in The Calling of Saint Matthew in attire of his time, not Jesus's?
answer
To enable the audience to identify with them
question
What technique that contrasts large ares of dark with smaller illuminated areas did Caravaggio master?
answer
Tenebrism
question
Why was Artmesia Gentileschi so obsessed with the biblical story of Judith beheading Holofernes that she painted five versions of it?
answer
Gentileschi had been raped
question
What inspired the first opera?
answer
Ancient Greek drama
question
Why were only girls in Venice's orphanages given music instruction?
answer
It was assumed that boys would enter the labor force
question
Why is Vivaldi's The Four Seasons known as program music?
answer
Its purely instrumental music is connected to a story or idea
question
Why was portraiture especially popular with the middle-class seventeenth-century Dutch?
answer
Affirmation of their financial well-being
question
Why did the Dutch rebel against the Spanich in 1567?
answer
Philip II reorganized their churches under Catholic hierarchy
question
From where did Europe receive the first load of tulip bulbs?
answer
Turkey
question
According to Francis Bacon, what were the greatest obstacles to human understanding
answer
Superstition and religion
question
What manner of inquiry did Rene Descartes advocate?
answer
Deductive reasoning
question
Why were the Catholic and Protestant Churches opposed to Kepler's and Galileo's heliocentric theory
answer
For contradicting certain biblical passages
question
Of what does a vanitas painting remind the viewer?
answer
To focus on the spiritual, not the material
question
What might the pearls in Vermeer's Woman with a Pearl Necklace represent
answer
Purity
question
Why was Rembrandt so interested in self-portraiture?
answer
His own face provided the ideal practice subject
question
What provided one of the main forms of entertainment at Dutch family gatherings
answer
The performance of keyboard music
question
With what were the 18th century French philosophes concerned?
answer
Secular and social concerns
question
Which of the following does NOT define Rococo interior architecture?
answer
Symmetrical surfaces
question
Why did Jean-Antoine Watteau's fetes galantes become so popular?
answer
Their erotic overtones
question
Why do so many of Francois Boucher's paintings of Madame de Pompadour show her writing
answer
To validate her role as Louis XV's most trusted advisor
question
Why does Fragonard paint the young lady in The Swing as losing a shoe
answer
To symbolize virginity loss
question
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the English garden?
answer
Manicured flowerbeds
question
What view of God did the Deists take?
answer
God had little to do with humans
question
What was the overarching purpose of the Encyclopedie?
answer
To accumulate and preserve human knowledge
question
Why is the mid-eighteenth century did art criticism begin?
answer
To enable tourists to appreciate and understand art
question
Why is the music that arose in reaction to the Rococo called "classical"?
answer
Its symmetry, proportion, unity, and clarity
question
What caused the 1666 Great Fire of London?
answer
A baker's oven explosion
question
Why was the Great Fire advantageous to London?
answer
It allowed the city's center to be modernized
question
Which of the following was not a source of Wren's inspiration for St. Paul's Cathedral
answer
Giotto's Bell Tower
question
According to Thomas Hobbes, what two factors motivate people?
answer
Fear of death at someone else's hands and desire for power
question
Why did John Milton write Paradise Lost?
answer
To justify the ways of God to men
question
Why did Jonathan Swift, in "A Modest Proposal," advocate butchering Irish children?
answer
To satirize the English treatment of the Irish
question
According to Isaac Newton, why does the universe function harmoniously and orderly
answer
The sun and planets exert gravitational pulls
question
What was King George II's response on first hearing the Messiah's "Hallelujah Chorus
answer
Rose from his seat
question
What new literary form did Addison and Steele invent for their newspapers?
answer
Journalistic essay
question
Why probably did the Easter Island residents erect the moai (monumental heads)?
answer
To frighten potential invaders
question
What were the Romantic artists reacting against?
answer
Neoclassicism's order, control, and balance
question
What view of the world did the Romantics value?
answer
Subjective experience
question
Why was the natural world Romantic poetry's primary subject?
answer
Its ability to stimulate emotions and imagination
question
Why does the vase in "Ode on a Grecian Urn" fascinate John Keats?
answer
The eternal beauty of its art
question
Why were the Romantics so attracted to the sublime - the prospect of anything beyond the human mind to understand?
answer
It is limitless and unbounded
question
In many of his painting, John Constable included a cathedral to
answer
symbolize God's permanence in nature
question
In J.M.W. Turner's paintings, human figures are usually
answer
small in size
question
The Romantics preferred Prometheus for
answer
being a suffering but noble champion of human freedom
question
Francisco Goya became angered by Charles IV for
answer
abandoning Charles III's liberal reforms
question
Why did Beethoven eventually view his deafness and its isolation as positive?
answer
It was necessary for creativity
