Surgical tech study guide – Flashcards
76 test answers
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers 76question
ions
answer
positively and negatively charged atoms
Unlock the answer
question
site where AEROBIC respiration occurs - in a cell
answer
endoplasmic reticulum - it is also the substance transporter of the cell - and is continuous with the cell membrane
Unlock the answer
question
CELLULAR respiration
answer
cells obtain energy from carbohydrates when atmospheric oxygen combines with glucose - breaks down food - to form carbon dioxide and water
Unlock the answer
question
Adenosine Triphosphate
answer
Also called ATP - principal chemical compound that cell uses to store energy
Unlock the answer
question
electrolytes
answer
a compound that disassociates into positive and negative ions when it dissolves in a solution
Unlock the answer
question
Mucus - not mucous
answer
protective secretion of the mucous membranes
Unlock the answer
question
suppuration
answer
the formation of, or discharge of pus
Unlock the answer
question
prefix
answer
A word element attached to the beginning of a word or word root. The prefix ususally - but not always - indicates location, time, a number, position, direction, or negation.
Unlock the answer
question
combining vowel
answer
word part usually an o; placed to connect two word roots, to connect a word root and a suffix; NOT placed to connect a prefix and a word root
Unlock the answer
question
syndrome
answer
collection of signs and symptoms occurring together - that can be observed by the patient and others
Unlock the answer
question
sign
answer
such as a fever - which provides objective evidence of the presence of a disorder or disease
Unlock the answer
question
pain
answer
a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder - observed by the patient only
Unlock the answer
question
diagnosis
answer
identification of a disease
Unlock the answer
question
atheroma
answer
fatty deposit or plaque within the arterial wall
Unlock the answer
question
swelling
answer
one sign of inflammation
Unlock the answer
question
lesion
answer
a pathologic change of the tissues due to disease or injury
Unlock the answer
question
laceration
answer
a torn, ragged wound
Unlock the answer
question
myco
answer
means fungus.
Unlock the answer
question
mycosis
answer
any disease caused by a fungus
Unlock the answer
question
otomy
answer
cutting into, or surgical incision
Unlock the answer
question
pyrosis
answer
also called heartburn
Unlock the answer
question
prostrate
answer
to collapse
Unlock the answer
question
prostate
answer
Organ surrounding the urethra at the base of the male urinary bladder
Unlock the answer
question
interstitial
answer
between, but not within, the parts of a tissue
Unlock the answer
question
euthyroid
answer
normally functioning thyroid gland
Unlock the answer
question
dysfunctional
answer
an organ or body part that is not working properly
Unlock the answer
question
appendices
answer
appendix plural
Unlock the answer
question
inflammation
answer
localized response to an injury or destruction of tissues
Unlock the answer
question
infection
answer
the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms and their multiplication which can lead to tissue damage and disease
Unlock the answer
question
myelitis
answer
an inflammation of the spinal cord; also inflammation of bone marrow
Unlock the answer
question
myel
answer
bone marrow, spinal cord
Unlock the answer
question
gram
answer
drawing, writing or record - as in cardiogram
Unlock the answer
question
graphy
answer
the process of producing a picture or record - as in photography
Unlock the answer
question
glycolysis
answer
occurs in the cytoplasm, when sugar, or glycose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid.
Unlock the answer
question
during meiosis
answer
a cell undergoes a 1st mitosis division, and a second mitosis division - resulting in four daughter cells.
Unlock the answer
question
gametes
answer
Are haploid cells - such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.
Unlock the answer
question
mitosis
answer
It is a process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells, conventionally divided into six stages: One. Interphase, Two. Prophase, Three. Metaphase, Four. Anaphase, Five. Telophase, Six. Cytokinasis.
Unlock the answer
question
Mitosis in males
answer
is specifically called SPERMATOGENESIS, which produces a number of cells called SPERMATOGONIA - from which spermatocytes are derrived
Unlock the answer
question
flagella
answer
whiplike tails found in one-celled organisms to aid in movement
Unlock the answer
question
ribosomes
answer
organelles made of protein and RNA that direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm
Unlock the answer
question
centrioles
answer
consist of two short cylinders of microtubules at right angles to each other and are situated in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope - that play a role in cell division
Unlock the answer
question
mitochondria
answer
Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production, and have their owen DNA. Site of aerobic respiration.
Unlock the answer
question
lysosome
answer
cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down food materials in the cell.
Unlock the answer
question
chromatin
answer
contains the genetic code and is stored in the chromosomes, and there are two types
Unlock the answer
question
types of chromatin
answer
Euchromatin - which is the most abundant and active - and heterochromatin - which is the inactive and, condensed form - also heterochromatin is coiled while euchromatin is not
Unlock the answer
question
nuclear membranes
answer
outer boundary of nucleus; consist of double membrane containing pores - that allows the movement of substances
Unlock the answer
question
nucleus
answer
the LARGEST part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction consisting of THREE parts: nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromotin CONTAINS PROTONS AND NEUTRONS
Unlock the answer
question
facillitated diffusion
answer
process that moves materials from high to low concentration with the help of protein channels; this process DOES NOT require (ATP) energy
Unlock the answer
question
passive diffusion
answer
movement of drug molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration - this process DOES NOT require (ATP) energy
Unlock the answer
question
active transport
answer
the movement of substances across the cell membrane gradient using pumps - this process REQUIRES the use of (ATP) energy
Unlock the answer
question
nuclear membrane
answer
surrounds the nucleus, and keeps cytoplasm in, provides controls over what goes in and out of the nucleus
Unlock the answer
question
osmotic cell barrier
answer
process where water equilibriates on both sides of the cell membrane
Unlock the answer
question
Osmosis
answer
diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equal
Unlock the answer
question
cytoplasmic membrane
answer
Membrane surrounding all cells, and composed of a fluid mosaic of phospholipids and proteins.
Unlock the answer
question
cytoplasm
answer
a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended, it contains NO GENETIC MATERIAL
Unlock the answer
question
fats and oils
answer
Substances that do not dissolve in water, but can dissolve in hydrocarbon liquids. Fats are solid at room temperature; oils are liquid at room temperature.
Unlock the answer
question
proteins
answer
Molecules made by connecting amino acids via covalent peptide bonds. Proteins are synthesized by ribosomes, and function as enzymes, carriers, structrual fibers, cell surface receptors, channels, porters, hormones. Made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Unlock the answer
question
amino acids
answer
any one of 20 different organic molecules that contain a carboxyl and an amino group and that combine to form proteins
Unlock the answer
question
carbohydrates
answer
A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides). compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body
Unlock the answer
question
cell
answer
collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life, contains fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acid
Unlock the answer
question
energy types
answer
radiant, chemical, nuclear, thermal and electrical, and mechanical - which is THE MOST COMMON, Energy: is the ability to do work or cause a change. The two types are: 1. kinetic - energy of motion 2. potential - stored energy
Unlock the answer
question
Ph levels
answer
How acidic or basic a solution is. It goes from 0 to 14 and each number = x10,000. pH is the abbreviation for potential hydrogen
Unlock the answer
question
matter
answer
that which has mass and occupies space
Unlock the answer
question
molecules
answer
groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
Unlock the answer
question
chromosomes
answer
humans have 46 total - 23 that are paired - chromosomes packages of DNA that code for proteins traits
Unlock the answer
question
Kreb's cycle
answer
Also known as the CITRIC ACID cycle. It is the second step of cell respiration, which occurs in the mitochondria - breaking down acetyl CoA ("half a sugar") to produce electron carriers, 2 ATP and CO2.
Unlock the answer
question
oogenesis
answer
the production of mature egg cells, or ova
Unlock the answer
question
interphase
answer
The period in the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing. During interphase, cellular metabolic activity is high, chromosomes and organelles are duplicated, and cell size may increase. Interphase accounts for 90% of the cell cycle.
Unlock the answer
question
DNA
answer
de-oxy-ribo-nucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics. The four nitrogen bases in human DNA are adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine.
Unlock the answer
question
RNA
answer
ribonucleic acid, a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis
Unlock the answer
question
organic
answer
molecules that contain carbon
Unlock the answer
question
inorganic
answer
a type of molecule that does not contain both carbon and hydrogen but can contain any other combination of elements
Unlock the answer
