STIs Diseases Flashcards
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What is the most prevalent BACTERIAL STI in the US?
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Chlamydia
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Condoms are least effective at preventing what STI?
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HPV
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What STI is responsible for one type of conjunctivitis?
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Chlamydia
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What STI(s) can cause blindness and pneumonia in babies born through the birth canal of an infected mother?
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HPV, herpes, Chlamydia
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What STIs can be treated by antibiotics?
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Chlamydia, Syphilis, Gonorrhea
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What percentage of female college students report consenting to intercourse because they felt awkward refusing?
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45%
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If left untreated, what STI greatly increases a woman's risk for PID, ectopic pregnancy, infertility?
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Chlamydia
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What percentage of students regularly use protection during oral sex?
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4%
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What are risks for contracting an STI?
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Having unprotected sex; even one, sharing needles used for piercing/tattooing/drugs, having multiple partners, becoming sexually active as a young teen, having had a previous STI
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True or False: Once the symptoms of an STI disappear, you are no longer contagious.
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False
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What percentage of people with an STI experience no noticeable symptoms?
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80%
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A negative HIV test should be repeated in...?
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6 months
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True or False: There is no cure for herpes.
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True
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If left untreated, which STI can lead to dementia, cardiovascular damage, blindness, and death?
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Syphilis
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What is the best time to get screened for an STI?
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Before having sex with a new partner
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How many new cases of STIs each year in the USA?
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19 million
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What is the ratio of sexually active college students contracting an STI by the age of 25?
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1:2
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1 in how many new cases of STIs are in teens each year?
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1:4
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How many kids reported having sex before 13 in 2002?
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1 in 10
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What percentage of sophomore high school students reported having had four or more sexual partners?
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16%
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How many teens between 13-19 reported that they did not consider oral sex as sex?
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50%
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True or False: Every STI including HIV can be contracted via oral sex
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True
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What percentage of new cases of HIV occur in people under the age of 21?
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25%
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Girls ages 15-19 have a higher or lower rate of gonorrhea than any other age group?
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higher
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How long does the average teenage relationship last after becoming sexually active?
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3 weeks
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What percentage of women said they would still have sex if their partner refused to wear a condom?
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60%
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What percentage of men would lie to a partner about previous risky sexual behavior to their partner?
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33%
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What percentage of women would lie to a partner about previous risky sexual behavior to their partner?
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10%
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What percentage of men would lie to a partner about a positive HIV test?
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20%
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What percentage of women would lie to a partner about a positive HIV test?
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4%
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How many new cases of HIV developed in the USA each year?
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40,000
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1 in how many teens get pregnant using a condom?
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1 in 5
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What is the overall failure rate for pregnancy with a condom?
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19%
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How many times larger is sperm than HIV?
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450x
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How many days a month can a female get pregnant?
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1-3
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What happens if you leave chlamydia untreated?
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painful urination and intercourse, damages reproductive organs; leading to sterility in both males and females, can lead to a type of conjunctivitis, blindness/pneumonia in new borns
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What is the incubation period of chlamydia and how can it be transmitted?
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Can be transmitted through all forms of sex and the incubation period is 1-4 weeks
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What percentage of women with chlamydia don't experience any symptoms till damage?
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70%
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What is the incubation period of gonorrhea and how can it be transmitted?
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Transmitted through all forms of sex and the incubation period is 2 months
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How many new cases of gonorrhea are reported each year?
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700,000
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What percentage of women experience no symptoms? Men?
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80% of women, 20% of men
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What damages are caused by gonorrhea?
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Reproductive and urinary tract organs are damage, can spread to joints/heart valves/brain, increase risk for birth defects
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Can gonorrhea be treated by antibiotics?
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Yes
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Can chlamydia be treated by antibiotics?
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yes
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What is the incubation period of syphilis and how can it be transmitted?
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Transmitted through all forms of sex; sometimes a break in the skin, and the incubation period is 18 months
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What are chancres?
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very contagious sores; can occur on and around genitalia, lips, and in mouth
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What is the primary stage of syphilis?
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First stage; appearance of chancre, infection is underway and the chancre may disappear
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What is the secondary stage of syphilis?
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Second stage; month to year later; rsh/flu like/hair loss/head aches appear; still contagious
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What is the latent stage of syphilis?
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lesions called gummas on body organs; can harm a fetus
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What is the tertiary stage of syphilis?
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infection spreads to all organs; damages heart/lungs/CVS, blindness and deafness, paralysis and dementia
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Is syphilis treatable with antibiotics?
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yes; some new strains are resistant
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What are two examples of viral STIs?
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Genital(Type 2) and oral herpes(Type 1)
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What percentage of Americans have Type 1, Oral Herpes?
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50-80%
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1 in how many americans have type 2, Genital Herpes?
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1 in 6 Americans
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How can herpes be transmitted and what is the incubation period of the STI?
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Transmitted through all forms of sex and the incubation period is 1-3 weeks
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Is herpes treatable?
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No; virus lives in nerve cells forever
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When can flare-ups occur?
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When immune system is weakened
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What is prodromal stage of herpes?
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Burning sensation occurs prior to an outbreak; no blister but still contagious
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What are some risks of herpes?
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increase risk for HIV, spread to eyes; causing blindness
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How should babies be born if the mother delivering has herpes?
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C-section
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What is HPV and what is the incubation period?
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Human Papilloma Virus; Genital Warts and the incubation period is 6-8 weeks
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In 5 years of contracting HPV, what percentage of cases will progress to pre-canerous cervical cancer?
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30%
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If untreated, what percentage of HPV cases will lead to cervical cancer?
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70%
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Are symptoms detectable or rare in HPV infected women?
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Rare
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How many types of HPV are transmitted?
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More than 30
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How many Americans are currently infected with HPV?
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20 million
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How many new cases of HPV each year?
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6.2 million
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What is the prevention method of HPV
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Vaccine against 4 strains of HPV; most effective when given to females between 9-26
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What is Hep B and how is it transmitted?
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Hepatitis B is a STI that is transmitted through exchange of blood and body fluids; no lesions or blisters
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Examples of Hep B transmission?
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Needle sharing, all forms of sex, childbirth, sharing razors, tooth brushes
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Is the vaccine highly effective for Hep B?
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Yes; 3 doses provides immunity
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What percentage of new cases of Hep B each year are sexually transmitted?
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50%
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What is pelvic inflammatory disease?
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Not an STI; variety of infections as a result of having one or more STI, especially chlamydia or gonorrhea
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What dos PVD affect?
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The uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and urinary tract organs are affected by PVD
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What is sexual maturity?
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Being able to communicate freely with partner, being open/honest about sexual experience, no embarrassed about actions, take responsibility for consequences of sex, never feeling pressured, understanding sexual relationships, etc.
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What percentage of soldiers stationed int he US/Europe said they never use a condom for one night stands?
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40%
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What is HIV?
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Virus enters the body through a break in the skin/mucous membranes where it comes in contact with body fluids; multiples rapidly, changing the DNA of the cells it attacks to make more of itself
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What cells does HIV attack/destroy?
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Helper T cells; weakens the body's resistance to disease
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What are some symptoms of HIV?
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Flu-like symptoms; often ignored
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When do antibodies develop with HIV?
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Anywhere from six weekends to six months after exposure; window period
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What is AIDS?
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; a positive HIV test indicates antibodies have been made for the virus
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What are indications that you might have AIDS?
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Drenching night sweats, chronic bronchitis, severe weight loss, frequent opportunistic infections
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What does a negative test of HIV mean?
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You do not have the virus or you have the virus, but have not developed antibodies for it yet
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What is the number one killer of Americans with AIDS?
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Pneumocystis Carni Pneumonia
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What is Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS)?
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very rare form of cancer associated with AIDS
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What is the number one killer of Africans with AIDS?
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TB
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What is the incubation period of HIV before AIDS develops?
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8-10 years; contagious, but may or may not have any symptoms
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What percentage of people living with HIV currently are women?
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50%
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What percentage of all infected women acquire the infection through heterosexual sex?
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75%
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In the USA, are men or women more likely to die from AIDS?
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Women
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In certain parts of impoverished Thailand and Africa, the risk of getting AIDS is what percent?
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100%
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Worldwide, what is the number of children living with HIV as of 2007?
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2.5 million
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What percentage of people living with HIV are in Sub-Sahara Africa?
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2/3
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How many children in Sub-Sahara Africa have lost their parents to AIDS?
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12 million
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What is the treatment for aids?
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HIV cocktail - slow the progression from HIV to AIDS
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Is there a vaccine for HIV?
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No vaccine for HIV; treatment is very expensive and difficult to follow
