Staging of Cancer – Flashcards
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What is the purpose of staging cancers?
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Determine the extent of a cancer to inform treatment To establish a way of communicating cancers between physicians Facilitating the assessment of treatment effectiveness
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What are the categories of T in the TNM classification system?
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Tx - tumour not assessable T0 - no evidence of primary tumour Tis - Tumour in situ T1 - tumour invades into the submucosa T2 - tumour invades into the lamina propria T3 - tumour invades into the serosa T4 - tumour invades into adjacent tissues/organs
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What are the categories of N in the TNM classification system?
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Nx - nodes not assessable N0 - no nodal involvement N1 - 1-3 lymph nodes involved N2 - 4+ lymph nodes involved
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hat are the categories of M in the TNM classification system?
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Mx - metastases not assessable M0 - no metastases present M1 - metastases present
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What does pT mean?
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The pathological tumour stage - i.e. has been determined after tumour resection
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What does y mean in the TNM classification?
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Pathological stage following chemotherapy/treatment
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What does R mean in the TNM classification?
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Residual tumour post resection
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In the staging of breast cancer, what would a T1N0 be staged as?
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Stage I
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In the staging of breast cancer, what would a T3N0 be staged as?
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Stage II
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In the staging of breast cancer, what would a T1N1 be staged as?
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Stage II
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In the staging of breast cancer, what would a T3N1 be staged as?
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Stage III
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In the staging of breast cancer, what is required of a cancer to be stages as Stage IV?
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Metastases must be present
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In the staging of colorectal cancer, what would a T1N0 be staged as?
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Stage I
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In the staging of colorectal cancer, what would a T3N0 be staged as?
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Stage II
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In the staging of colorectal cancer, what would a T1N1 be staged as?
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Stage III
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In the staging of colorectal cancer, what would a T4N1M0 be staged as?
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Stage III
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What is required of a colorectal cancer to be stage IV?
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Metastases
