Sputum – Flashcard

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hemoptysis
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blood or blood streaked sputum- massive greater than or equal to 300mL- causes; lung cancer, tb, trauma, pulmonary embolism, infection
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Factors that impair mucociliary transport system
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dehydration cigarette smoking high FiO2 general anesthetics parasympatholytics (atropine) impaired cough (weakness,anatomy disorders, neuromuscular disorders)
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Gross observation of sputum
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small = 1/4 cup/day
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sputum color
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clear = (normal) mucoid = ( white/grey - chronic bronchitis) yellow = (pus, infection, large # of WBC) green = ( infection, old retained secretion, gram neg. bacteria, bronchiectasis) brown = (old blood) rust = ( pneumococcal pneumonia) black/grey = ( inhaled coal dust or smoke inhalation) red = (fresh blood, tumor, TB, bleeding, Klebsiella pneumonia) Pink=- Occurs with pulmonary edema
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sputum consistency
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watery thick thin solid/plugs tenacious (sticky)
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sputum odor
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foul = (anaerobic infection) sweet = ( bacterial of psuedomonas)
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sputum susceptibility testing (sensitivity)
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act of exposing cultured organisms to variety of antimicrobial drugs to find which drugs kill the bacteria. (zones of inhibition)
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Fetid
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foul-smelling; putrid
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Normal Sputum
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CLEAR AND WHITE
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Abnormal Sputum
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changes in the amount, color, and consistency provide info about progression of disease & effectiveness of therapy Mucoid- sputum that is clear and thick Mucopurulent- Containing mucus and pus Purulent-containing pus frothy-foamy Hemoptysis-coughing up blood
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clear/ translucent
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normal if thin
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white/ gray
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asthma, chronic bronchitis
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yellow
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infection- WBC's present
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green
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gram negative bacteria
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green and foul smelling
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pseudomonas
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brown/ dark red
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old blood
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bright red
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new blood
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pink and frothy
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pulmonary edema
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purulent
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thick, colored, sticky, may contain pus cells
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Mucoid
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thick, clear- airway diseases
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