spring 2012 – Flashcards
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| gram positive cocci |
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| streptococcus pyogenes, staphylococcus aureus, s. pneumoniae, s. mutans |
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| streptococcus pyognes |
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| sore throat, scarlet fever, pheumatic fever. glomerular nephritis, pheumatoid arthritis |
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| staphylococcus aureus |
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| boils, carbuncles, furuncles, impetigo, toxic shock syndrome. capsule |
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| s. pneumoniae |
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| (diplococcus) pneumonia (often a secondary pathogen); polysaccharide capsule |
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| s. mutans |
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| dental caries--floss/brush |
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| gram negative diplococci |
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| neisseria meningitidis, n. gonorrohoeae |
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| neisseria meningitidis |
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| nasopharyngitis, bacteremia (meningococcemia), hemorrhagic rash, spinal (septic) meningitis, Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome |
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| n. gonorrhoeae |
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| (gonococcus) gonorrhea, pelvic inflammatory disease, desseminated gonococcal infection, gonococcal arthritis. antigenic variation |
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| gram positive sporeformers (aerobic and anaerobic) |
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| bacillus anthracis (aerobic), closbridium botulinum, c. tetani, c. perfringens (all anaerobic) |
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| bacillus anthracis |
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| anthrax. malignant pustule. zoonose. |
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| clostridium botulinum |
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| botulism (toxic disease) |
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| c. tetani |
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| tetanus (lockjaw) (toxic disease) |
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| c. perfringens |
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| food poisoning, gas gangrene |
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| corynebacterium diptheriae |
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| diptheria (sore throat/toxic disease) |
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| Acid-fast |
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| mycobacterium tuberculosis, m. leprae |
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| mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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| TB |
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| m. bovis stran bacillus calmette guerin (BCG) |
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| TB vaccine |
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| m. leprae |
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| leprosy (tuberculoid to lepromatous) |
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| Gram negative enteric (gut) bacteria |
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| escherichia coli, samonella typhi, s. typhimurium (enterica), shigella dysenteriae, vibrio cholerae |
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| escherichia coli |
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| enterohemorrhagic (EHEC)ground beef. diarrhea |
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| samonella typhi |
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| typhoid fever, rose spots on abdomen |
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| s. typhimurium (enterica) |
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| enterocolitis (fowl/POULTRY) |
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| shigella dysteriae |
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| bacillary dysentery |
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| vibrio cholerae |
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| severe diarrhea ("rice water stools") |
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| other gram negative bacteria |
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| pseudomonal aeruginosa, helicobacter pylori |
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| pseudomonal aeruginosa |
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| burn wounds (blue puss infection) |
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| helicobacter pylori |
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| ulcers |
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| gram negative coccobacilli |
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| hemophilus influenzae, h. aegptius, bordetella pertussis, brucella abortis, yersinea pestis, francisella tularensis |
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| hemophilus influenzae |
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| bacterial influenza, meningitis (haemophilus). secondary pathogen |
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| h. aegyptius |
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| pink eye |
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| bordetella pertussis |
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| whooping cough |
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| brucella abortis |
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| undulant fever (cow). zoonose |
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| yersinea pestis |
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| bubonic/pneumonic/sylvatic plague. zoonose |
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| francisella tularensis |
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| tularemia (rabbit fever). zoonose |
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| 4 types francisella tularensis |
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| ulcerogradular (skin), oculograndular (eye), intestinal, pneumonic |
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| Spirochetes |
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| treponema pallidum, borrelia hermsii, b. burgdorferi, leptospira interrogans |
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| treponema pallidum |
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| primary, secondary, tertiary syphilis |
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| borrelia hermsii |
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| recurrent fever (antigenic variation). zoonose |
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| b. burgdorferi |
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| Lyme's disease. zoonose |
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| leptospira interrogans |
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| leptospirosis (autumnal fever). urine in stagnant water. zoonose |
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| mycoplasma pneumoniae |
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| primary atypical pneumonia |
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| rickettsia prowazekii |
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| epidemic typhus. humans and lice reservoir |
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| r. typhi |
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| endemic typhus. zoonose |
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| r. rickettsi |
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| rocky mountain spotted fever. zoonose |
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| coxiela burnetii |
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| q fever. zoonose |
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| chlamydia trachomatis |
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| trachoma, genital chlamydial infections (std), inclusion conjunctivitis, lymphogramuloma venereum (std) |
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| c. psittaci |
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| psittacosis |
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| c. pneumoniae |
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| pneumonitis |
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| legonella pneumophila |
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| legionnaire's disease |
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| DNA respiratory viruses |
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| variola, varicella-zoster, epstein-barr, herpes simplex I |
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| variola |
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| small pox (inhalation of secretions from lesions/salivia; ERADICATED, VACCINIA VACCINE) |
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| varicella-zoster |
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| chicken pox/shingles, NEW VACCINE |
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| Epstein-barr |
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| mono, burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal cancer, CHRONIC FATIGURE SYNDROME, KISSING DISEASE |
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| herpes simplex I |
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| cold sores, keratconjuctivitis, encephalitis, NO VACCCINE, LATENT IN NERVES |
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| RNA respiratory viruses |
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| rubeola, rubella, mumps, influenza |
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| rubeola |
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| measles, MMR VACCINE |
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| rubella |
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| german measles FETAL DEFECTS N PREGNANT WOMEN |
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| mumps |
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| swollen glands, testicular damage |
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| influenza |
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| colds, a, b, c, VACCINES FOR NEW ANTIGENIC TYPES |
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| RNA bite viruses |
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| rabies |
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| rabies |
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| rabies (hydrophobia) (also transmittd by inhalation of bat guano) VACCINE ONLY AFTER EXPOSURE |
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| RNA fecal/oral viruses |
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| hep A, polio |
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| hep A |
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| accute liver disease (hepatitis) OYSTERS. VACCINE |
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| polio |
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| polio myelitis, enteric disease. SALK VACCINE vs SABIN VACCINE |
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| DNA sexual viruses |
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| herpes simplex II, hep B, human papilloma virus |
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| herpes simplex II |
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| genital lesions, LATENT IN NERVES, cervical cancer |
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| hepatitis B |
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| chronic liver disease (also transmitted fecal/oral route, direct contact, blood and blood products, etc) CLONED HBsAg VACCINE. liver cancer |
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| human papilloma virus |
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| HPV... |
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| RNA sexual viruses |
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| HIV, hep C |
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| HIV |
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| AIDS, CD4+, CELLS- T HELPER/SOME MACROPHAGE/SOME NEURAL CELLS |
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| hep C |
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| chronic liver disease. parenteral, sexual and horizontal transmission |
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| respiratory bacteria |
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| S: pyogenes, pneumonia, mutans. neisseria meningitidis, M: tuberculosis, leprae. hemophilus influenzae, bordetella pertussis, mycoplasma pneumonia, C: psittaci, pneumoniae. legionella pneumophila |
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| intestinal bacteria |
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| S: typhimurium, typhi. yersinia enterocolitica, escherichia coli, shigella dyssenteriae, viberio cholerae, helicobacter pylori, campylobacter jejuni |
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| sexual bacteria |
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| neisseria gonorrhoeae, treponema pallidum, chlamydia trachomatis |
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| direct contact/wounds/food bacteria |
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| s. aureus, hemophilus aegytius, C: tetani, botulinum, perfringens. corynebacterium diphtheriae, bacillus anthracis. B: suis, abortis, melitensis, canis. leptospiria interrogans |
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| arthropod bites (vector) bacteria |
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| R: rickettsii, prowazekii, typhi. B: hermsii, burgdorferi. yersinia pestis |
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| bacteria with many routes of transmission |
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| francisella tularensis, coxiella burnetii |
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| respiratory fungi |
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| histoplasma capsulatum, coccidioides immitis |
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| histoplasma capsulatum |
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| inhalation of arthrospores in bird feces, lung infection. MISSISSIPPI, TB like |
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| coccidioides immitis |
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| inhalation of arthrospores in rodent urine, lung infection. SOUTHWEST,BLACKS MORE SUSCEPTIBLE |
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| direct contact/wound fungi |
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| trichophyton rubum-t. mentagrophytes |
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| trichophyton rubum |
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| athlete's foot, jock itch, zoophilic |
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| dermatophytes fungi |
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| microsporium audouini, epidermophyton floccosum, sporothrix shenckii |
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| microsporium audouini |
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| ringworm, athlete's foot, tolnaftate/myconizol, geophilic. cats |
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| epidermophyton floccosum |
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| athlete's foot, jock itch, anthrophilic |
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| sporothrix shenckii |
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| subcutaneous infectins, puncture wounds, amphotericin B |
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| opportunistic fungi |
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| candida albicans |
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| candida albicans |
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| thrush, yeast vaginitis, mucocutaneous infecctin, endocarditis, myconizol, fluconozol, amphotericin B, ubiquitous |
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| toxic fungi |
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| alkaloid poisons, ergot poison, aflatoxin, psilocybin, etc |
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| protozoa parasites (2 sub units) |
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| amoeba- entamoeba histolytica. flagellates-giardia lamblia, trichomonas vaginalis |
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| entamoeba histolytica |
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| montezuma's revenge, "violet dysentery" CA-SA |
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| giardia lamblia |
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| giardiasis, diarrhea, flagyl, steatorhea |
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| trichomonas vaginalis |
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| sti, flagyl |
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| hemoglagellate parasites |
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| leishmania spp., T: cruzi, brucei |
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| leishmania spp. |
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| "kala-azar" (visceral leishmaniasis), mid-far east. -tropical ulcer: mid-far east, one of first "vaccines" -espundia: SA-cartilage damage |
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| trypanosoma cruzi |
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| chagus disease (megacolon, megaesophagus), CA-SA, CONE NOSE BUG |
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| sorozoa parasites |
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| plasmodium spp., toxoplasma gondii |
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| plasmodium spp. |
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| malaria. TROPICS/SUBTROPICS, MOSQUITO, EXO-ERYTHROCYTIC, ERYTHEROCYTIC STAGES, PRIMAQUINE/CHLOROQUINE |
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| toxoplasma gondii |
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| toxoplasmosis, fetal damage. CAT FECES. WORLDWIDE. |
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| fluke parasites |
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| paragonimus westermanii, schistosoma spp. |
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| paragonimus westermanii |
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| lung fluke. snail, crustaceans |
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| schistosoma spp. |
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| blood fluke, schistosomiasis (liver or bladder damage), SA, CARIBBEAN, AFRICA, ORIENTAL. snail-furcosercous larva. bird schistosome: swimmer's itch (MT) |
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| tape worms (parasites) |
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| taenia solium (t. saginata), hymenolepis nana, echinococcus granulosis |
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| taenia solium |
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| t. saginata. gut infection. pig/cow, tapeworm, "measly" pork |
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| hymenolepis nana |
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| gut infection, dwarf tapeworm. larvae develop in gut to adult |
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| echinococcus granulosis |
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| hydatid cyst. dog-tapeworm, dog feces |
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| nematodes (parasites) |
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| ascaris lumbercoides, necator americanus, enterobius vermicularis, trichinella spiralis, wuchereria bancrofti |
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| ascaris lumbercoides |
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| giant round worm gut infection. piperizine citrate, FECAL/ORAL |
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| necator americanus |
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| hookworm, geophagy, tissue damage. EAST COAST/SO. US, CREEPING ERUPTIONS, LARVAE IN SOIL |
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| enterobius vermicularis |
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| pin worm, anal infection, cellophane tape test, urban parasite, kids |
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| truchinella spiralis |
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| trichinosis. CONTAMINATED MEAT |
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| wuchereria bancrofti |
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| elephantiasis, filariasis, mosquito, dead adults block lymph nodes |
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| 3 mechanisms of antibiotic structure |
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| cell wall biosynthesis, nucleic acid metabolism, protein synthesis, disruption of membrane structure |
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| gram negative vs gram positive |
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| gram negative don't retain violet die, other die must be added that turns them pink |
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| when tissue is damaged, mast cells release... |
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| histamine |
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| b-cell |
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| bone marrow derived lymphocyte, matured in pancreas, have antibody of predetermined specificity on surface, if activated by antigen excretes antibody |
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| t cell |
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| lymphocyte that matured in thymus gland, have receptors of predetermined specificity, responsible for cell immunity and regulation of immune response |
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| helper/DTH |
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| CD4+ |
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| suppressor/cytotoxic |
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| CD8+ |
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| IgM |
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| largest antibody. surface of b cells. produced in immune response |
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| IgG |
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| main serum antibody. secondary immune response |
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| IgA |
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| found on mucosal surfaces mono, tri, di structure |
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| IgD |
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| receptor antibody. surface of immunocompetent b cells. functions only in the afferent branch of the immune response |
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| IgE |
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| reaginic antibody. binds to surface of mast cells. dumps histamine resulting in allergies. very low concentration in blood |
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| conjugation |
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| bacterial sex. genes are transferred from the donor cell through conjugal pilus and integrated into the recipient genome |
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| transformation |
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| bacteria can absorb and integrate naked foreign bacterial DNA under certain circumstances, bringing new resistance genes into the recipient genome |
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| transduction |
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| a bacteriophage (bacterial virus) when it excises its DNA from the host DNA, takes a piece of the host DNA with it and transfers it to the next host |
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| transportation |
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| transposons (jumping genes) are fragments of DNA that are able to integrae and excise themselves from bacterial genomes |
