SPCH Part 1 – Flashcards
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This theory says that each of us is born with a fundamental drive to seek, form, maintain, and protect strong social relationships: a. equity theory b. need to belong theory c. attraction theory d. predicted outcome value theory
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b. need to belong theory
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Friendships and other social relationships often involve this type of rewards: a. emotional b. material c. health d. all of these
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d. all of these
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Which of the following is NOT an emotional reward commonly associated with close relationships? a. comfort b. happiness c. emotional continuity d. empathy
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c. emotional continuity
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Which of the following statements about potential health benefits of relationships is true? a. People with more social contacts put themselves at greater risk for illnesses like a cold. b. People with strong social networks are more than twice as likely to survive a heart attack. c. A lack of social relationships increases the risk of mortality, but not on the same level as smoking, heart disease, or obesity. d. When friends share their problems with us, it increases our stress and can actually make us less healthy.
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b. People with strong social networks are more than twice as likely to survive a heart attack.
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_______________ is the force that draws people together. a. physical attraction b. psychic attraction c. task attraction d. interpersonal attraction
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d. interpersonal attraction
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When you meet Carrie, you are drawn to her as a friend because she is an excellent piano player, just like you are. That is an example of what form of attraction? a. social attraction b. physical attraction c. competence attraction d. task attraction
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d. task attraction
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Which of the following statements about similarity is NOT true? a. Forming relationships with people unlike ourselves is more interesting and enjoyable. b. Forming relationships with people like ourselves is socially validating. c. Genetically, we are inclined to help people who are similar to ourselves. d. Spending time with people like ourselves makes us feel better about ourselves.
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a. Forming relationships with people unlike ourselves is more interesting and enjoyable
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This theory predicts that the more we learn about someone, the more we like that person: a. social exchange theory b. uncertainty reduction theory c. attraction theory d. equity theory
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b. uncertainty reduction theory
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When we experience any form of attraction for someone else, we are likely to engage in ___________________, behaviors that signal our interest in another person. a. liking behaviors b. attraction behaviors c. approach behaviors d. initiation behaviors
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c. approach behaviors
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This is your realistic expectation of what you think you deserve from a relationship: a. comparison level for alternatives b. comparison level c. complementarity assessment d. predicted outcome value
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b. comparison level
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Janice and Stephanie have been close friends for some time. When Stephanie recently lost her job, she couldn't afford her rent anymore and was on the verge of homelessness. Janice invited her to stay in her guest room for as long as needed. While there, Stephanie does some of the cooking. According to equity theory, which of the following statements about this relationship scenario is true? a. Stephanie is currently over-benefited in their relationship. b. Stephanie is investing less in their relationship than Janice right now. c. This relationship will survive a period of brief inequity as long as long-term equity is maintained. d. All of these statements are true.
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d. All of these statements are true.
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Which of the following statements about friendships is NOT true? a. Friendships are voluntary. b. Friendships are governed by rules. c. Friendships are the same in both sexes. d. Friendships usually occur between peers.
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c. Friendships are the same in both sexes.
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Which of the following represents a peer relationship for you? a. a graduate student instructor who teaches a class you're taking b. your sister because you are siblings in the same family c. your boss because he works at the same company as you do d. your parents because you are from the same family
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b. your sister because you are siblings in the same family
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When you establish a friendship with a supervisor at work, it is a good idea to establish _______________ to prevent potential problems. a. ground rules b. a friendship pact c. safe words d. relational commitment
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a. ground rules
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Which of the following is one of the friendship rules identified in a study by communication researchers Argyle and Henderson? a. Protect your friend from potential threats. b. Don't tell your friend information that might hurt his or her feelings. c. Don't be jealous of your friend's other friends. d. Routinely tell your friend that you care about him or her.
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c. Don't be jealous of your friend's other friends.
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Regarding sex differences in friendships, which of the following is NOT true? a. Same-sex friendships are more important to women than they are to men. b. Male-male friendships emphasize shared activities and common interests. c. Female-female friendships emphasize conversational and emotional expressiveness. d. Both women and men see their opposite-sex friends as more loyal and helpful than their same-sex friends.
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d. Both women and men see their opposite-sex friends as more loyal and helpful than their same-sex friends.
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Which of the following statements about opposite-sex friendships is NOT true? a. They provide men a chance to be emotionally expressive and women a chance to engage in shared activities. b. They often contain some degree of sexual or physical attraction. c. According to one study, about half of college students engage in sexual behavior with their opposite-sex friends. d. They are almost always closer than same-sex friendships.
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d. They are almost always closer than same-sex friendships.
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In the ______________ stage of friendship, people begin to think of themselves as friends and their communication becomes more personal. a. friendly relations b. moves toward friendship c. nascent friendship d. stabilized friendship
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c. nascent friendship
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In the _____________ stage of friendship, people begin to drift apart and might lose contact with one another. a. nascent friendship b. waning friendship c. declining friendship d. drifting friendship
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b. waning friendship
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Which of the following reasons is most commonly cited for ending a friendship due to changes in life circumstances? a. having a child b. moving away c. getting married d. experiencing an illness in the family
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b. moving away
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Research shows that this is positively related to your job satisfaction: a. being friends with your co-workers and boss b. being friends with your customers or clients c. maintaining personal boundaries at work d. all of these
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a. being friends with your co-workers and boss
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Let's say you're friends with your co-worker, Eric, who's up for a promotion. Which of the following reflects the task dimension of your relationship? a. Based on his performance, you don't feel Eric deserves the promotion. b. As his friend, you want Eric to get the promotion. c. If Eric doesn't get the promotion, you will console him and help cheer him up. d. All of these are examples of the task dimension of your relationship.
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a. Based on his performance, you don't feel Eric deserves the promotion.
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Which type of sexual harassment includes requesting romantic or sexual favors in return for preferential treatment at work? a. hostile work environment b. sexual bargaining c. quid pro quo d. harassing requests
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c. quid pro quo
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Which of the following statements about relationships with clients at work is correct? a. A good relationship with clients is the single greatest predictor of job satisfaction. b. Companies often encourage their employees to develop close, personal friendships with their clients to help sales. c. Having friendships with clients reduces some of the pressure or expectation related to job performance. d. Close friendships with clients can put workers in an uncomfortable or unethical position.
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d. Close friendships with clients can put workers in an uncomfortable or unethical position.
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When forming friendships, people find several forms of similarity to be attractive. According to research, which of the following is true? a. Cognitive similarity is not influential at any stage of friendship formation. b. Attitude similarity is the strongest predictor of initial attraction. c. People generally see attitude similarity as a bad thing. d. Similarity in personalities is the strongest predictor of initial attraction.
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b. Attitude similarity is the strongest predictor of initial attraction.
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All of the following are characteristics of an intimate relationship except: a. need for deep commitment b. minimization of interdependence c. dialectical tensions d. continuous investment
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b. minimization of interdependence
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___________ is the desire to stay in a relationship no matter what happens. a. investment b. passion c. commitment d. intimacy
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c. commitment
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This occurs when one partner expresses a substantially higher level of interest in the relationship than the other: a. obsessive relational intrusion b. stalking c. codependency d. inequitable relationship exchange
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a. obsessive relational intrusion
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This reflects the resources we put into a relationship: a. interdependence b. investment c. commitment d. independence
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b. investment
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Elizabeth and Aaron had been married for six months when Elizabeth started to feel dissatisfied in their relationship. Although Aaron was a nice person and fun to be around, he didn't do any of the cooking or cleaning despite the fact that both of them worked full time. Elizabeth's dissatisfaction was likely due to the fact that: a. Aaron exhibited a lack of commitment in his behavior. b. Elizabeth expected an equitable investment in household chores from Aaron. c. Aaron was enjoying too much interdependence in their relationship. d. Elizabeth was conflicted by her own dialectical tensions between work and home.
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b. Elizabeth expected an equitable investment in household chores from Aaron.
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Jordan wants to feel emotionally close to his girlfriend but he also wants to make his own decisions. Which dialectical tension is he experiencing? a. openness-closedness b. revelation-concealment c. novelty-predictability d. autonomy-connectedness
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d. autonomy-connectedness
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Which of the following is not one of the health benefits of marriage identified in your textbook? a. Married people live longer. b. Married people tend to be healthier. c. Married people have better sexual health. d. Married people are less likely to abuse alcohol and drugs.
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c. Married people have better sexual health.
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The practice of polygamy is, by definition, an exception to which social expectation about marriage? a. It is voluntary. b. It is based on love. c. It is permanent. d. It is exclusive.
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d. It is exclusive.
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When considering a potential spouse, someone from an individualistic culture such as the United States would likely ask: a. "What's in it for my family?" b. "How does my heart feel?" c. "What will others think?" d. "Will this marriage last?
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b. "How does my heart feel?"
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Which of the following statements about same-sex partners is true? a. Some of them enter into formal relationships known as domestic partnerships. b. Communication in sex-same partnerships resembles that in opposite-sex partnerships. c. Satisfaction levels in same-sex partnerships are equal to those in opposite-sex partnerships. d. All of these are true.
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d. All of these are true.
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Most new relationships end at which stage of Knapp's stage model? a. initiating b. experimenting c. intensifying d. integrating
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b. experimenting
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At this stage of relationship formation, a deep commitment has formed and there is a strong sense that the relationship has its own identity: a. bonding b. integrating c. intensifying d. initiating
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b. integrating
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In this marriage type, spouses adopt conventional gender roles and tend to avoid conflict: a. traditional b. separate c. independent d. mixed
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b. separate
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According to Gottman's couple typology, this type of couple handles disagreements in a way that is open, but discussions tend to be competitive rather than cooperative. a. validating b. volatile c. conflict-avoidant d. hostile
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b. volatile
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Preliminary research has shown that, compared to heterosexual couples, homosexual couples tend to: a. display more overt hostility during conflict b. terminate their relationships at the first sign of conflict c. take conflict less personally d. avoid conflict as much as possible
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c. take conflict less personally
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Gottman has discovered that satisfied couples maintain this ratio of positive to negative communication: a. 5:1 b. 8:1 c. 14:1 d. 1:1
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a. 5:1
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Why is the discussion of routine, mundane tasks important to consider in long-term romantic relationships? a. Most of the communication that takes place in these relationships falls in this category. b. How to handle these issues can become a major issue of contention. c. The way couples handle these tasks reflects the balance of power in their relationship. d. All of these.
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d. All of these.
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During which of Knapp's stages of relationship termination do couples decrease both the quality and frequency of their interactions? a. differentiation b. termination c. circumscribing d. stagnating
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c. circumscribing
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From a legal perspective, this is the most heavily regulated relationship in the United States: a. parent-child relationships b. parent-adoptive child relationships c. sibling relationships d. marital relationships
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d. marital relationships
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Your _____________ is the family that includes your parents and your siblings. a. family of procreation b. family of origin c. extended family d. nuclear family
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b. family of origin
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People use many strategies for dealing with dialectical tensions. Going back and forth between the two sides of a tension is a characteristic of which strategy? a. segmentation b. integration c. balance d. alternation
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d. alternation
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During conflict episodes, someone playing this family role tends to agree with whatever is said in order to keep others from getting angry: a. computer b. distracter c. placater d. blamer
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c. placater
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You send this type of confirming message when you signal that you agree with what another person is saying: a. endorsement b. recognition c. confirmation d. acknowledgement
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a. endorsement
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When Kim described how her weekend plans fell apart, Dean said, "Not everything goes the way you want; that's life." Bret said, "I'm sorry your plans fell through; you must be disappointed." The difference between Dean and Bret's messages is reflected in which of Gibb's message types? a. control vs. problem orientation b. neutrality vs. empathy c. superiority vs. equality d. strategy vs. spontaneity
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b. neutrality vs. empathy
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________________ are behaviors that indicate to other people how much we value them. a. affectionate interactions b. supportive messages c. compassionate interactions d. confirming messages
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d. confirming messages
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This strategy for giving non-evaluative feedback involves asking questions that will give you more information about what the person is expecting: a. paraphrasing b. probing c. priming d. offering support
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b. probing
