Estate
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The division of large numbers of people into layers according to their relative property, power, and prestige; applies to both nations and to people within a nation, society, or other group
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Social Stratification
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hierarchy of people in a society by property, prestige, power
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Social Stratification
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4 Main types of Social stratification?
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1) Slavery 2) Caste 3) Estate 4) Class
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A form of social stratification in which some people own other people
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Slavery
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T/F: Slavery could be temporary or permanent
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T
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T/F: Slavery was passed onto the children
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F (not necessarily)
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North American slavery was gradually buttressed by a racist _______
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ideology
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Initially slavery was based not on race but on _____, ________ ___ _______, or ______ __ ______
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debt; punishment for crime; defeat in battle
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A contractual system in which someone sells his or her body (services) for a specified period of time in an arrangement very close to slavery, except that it is entered into voluntarily
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Bonded labor (indentured service)
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Beliefs about the way things ought to be that justify social arrangements
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Ideology
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A form of social stratification in which people's statuses are lifelong conditions determined by birth
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Caste system
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In a caste system, people's status is determined by their caste's relation to _______ _______
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other castes
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The practice of marrying within ones own group
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Endogamy
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The desperation of racial-ethnic groups as was practiced in South Africa
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Apartheid
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The stratification system medieval Europe
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Estate stratification system
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Estate system - consists of 3 groups or estates:
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1) nobility 2) clergy 3) commoners (peasants/serfs)
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A form of social stratification based primarily on the possession of money or material possessions
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Class system
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Which stratification system is the most open?
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Class system
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Class system: can be _______ , allows for _____ ______
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acquired; social mobility
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_____________ encourages the formation of class systems
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Industralization
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Movement up or down the social class ladder
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Social mobility
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The tools, factories, land, investment capital used to produce wealth
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Means of production
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Marx's term for awareness of a common identity based on ones position in the means of production
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Class consciousness
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Marx's term to refer to workers identifying with the interests of capitalists (Bourgeoisie)
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False class consciousness
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A form of social stratification in which all positions are awarded on the basis of merit
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Meritocracy
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The idea that the kings authority comes from God; in an interesting gender bender, also applies to queens
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Divine right of kings
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The process by which one nation takes over another nation, usually for the purpose of exploiting it's labor and natural resources
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Colonialism
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How economic and political connections developed and now tie the worlds countries together
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World system theory
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Capitalism becoming the globes dominant economic system
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Globalization of capitalism
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The assumption that the values and behaviors of the poor make them fundamentally different from other people, that these factors are largely responsible for their poverty, and that parents perpetuate poverty across generations by passing these characteristics to their children
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Culture of poverty
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The economic and political dominance of the most industrialized nations over the least industrialized nations
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Neocolonialism
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Companies that operate across national boundaries; also called transitional corporations
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Multinational corporations
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argued that stratification is inevitable because every society mist have leadership, which by definitions means inequality
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Gaetano Mosca
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believed in meritocracy
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Melvin Tumin
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suggested a synthesis between the functionalist and conflict perspectives
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Gerhard Lenski
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2 main explanations for why the world's countries remain stratified
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1) neocolonialism 2) multinational corporations
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T/F: formal colonialism has almost disappeared from the world
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T
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intermediary step between capitalism and communism
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socialism
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form of economic system most closely linked with wealthier nations
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Capitalism
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Marx disagreed with the functionalist view of social stratification, why?
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Marx believed members of elite no more qualified than other people
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Gaetano Mosca believes that social stratification is a result of ______
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conflict
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T/F: Currently, Capitalism is existing fine
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F: currently in crisis
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We are currently experiencing a global shift in economic power from the ______ to the ______
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West; East
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To maintain social stratification within a nation, the ruling class adopts an ____________ that justifies its current arrangements. It also controls __________ and uses ___________. When all else fails, it turns to _____ _______.
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ideology; information; technology; brute force
