Sociology Test Ch. 1-2 – Flashcards

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question
What is described as "opening a window onto unfamiliar worlds" and "offering a fresh look at familiar worlds"?
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the sociological perspective
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To be classified as a society, what are the two key qualities a group of people must share?
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common culture and territory
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What term do sociologists use to describe the corners in life that people occupy because of where they are located in society?
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social location
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What are the two components C. Wright Mills identified as being fundamental to understanding the sociological imagination?
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history and biography
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What even led to an uprooting of what had been traditional social arrangements?
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The Industrial Revolution
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Which social scientist first proposed applying the scientific method to the social world?
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Auguste Comte
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Which social scientist proposed that societies evolve from a lower, barbaric form to a higher, civilized form in a process he called social Darwinism?
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Herbert Spencer
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Based on the theories formulated by Karl Marx, what was the ultimate goal of the proletariat?
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the proletariat sought to develop a classless societt free of exploitation
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Based on the theories formulated by Karl Marx, what was the ultimate goal of the proletariat?
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the proletariat sought to develop a classless society free of exploitation
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Based on Emile Durkheim's research on suicide, which of the following individuals would be the greatest suicide risk?
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Herbert, a single Protestant man living in the city
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How did Karl Marx and Max Weber differ in their theoretical assumptions?
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Marx believed economics was the central force driving social change, and Weber claimed it was religion
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Frank is examining the broad stream of events that have occurred over the past 50 years and the specific experiences of his own life. By doing so, what sociological process has frank undertaken?
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the sociological imagination
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Herbert Spencer believed that societies evolved from lower to higher forms because as generations pass, the most capable and intelligent members of society prosper while the less capable die out. What term did Spencer use to describe this process?
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the survival of the fittest
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Based on the original writings of Karl Marx, how would social change be accomplished?
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Workers would unite and overthrow the capitalists through revolution
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According to the Wall Street Journal, who were the "three greatest modern thinkers"?
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Karl Marx; Albert Einstein; Sigmund Freud
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What was awarded the world's first academic appointment in sociology?
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Emile Durkheim
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What did Max Weber believe to be the force behind the rise of capitalism?
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changes in religion
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Who was the first woman appointed to a cabinet post in the federal government?
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Frances Perkins
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In 1837, before Durkheim and Weber were born, who published Society in America?
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Harriet Martineau
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T/F The corners of life that people occupy because of where they are located in a society, such as their sex, occupation, and age, are known as social location
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True
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T/F Subjectivity is a vital component of the scientific method due to the need to be spontaneous, creative, and analytical.
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False
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T/F The concept of "survival of the fittest" was coined by Herbert Spencer, the father of the philosophical view called Social Darwinism
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True
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T/F Marxism and communism are identical political ideologies with both leading to a classless society
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False
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T/F Max Weber referred to the self-denying approach to life as the Protestant ethic
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True
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What is the underlying principle of symbolic interactionism?
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it analyzes how one's behavior depends on the way they define themselves and others
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People may change their opinions about an issue such as divorce based on restructuring of that image, the issues involved, and what they mean. This is an example of which sociological perspective?
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symbolic interactionism
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How would Robert Merton describe the intended beneficial consequences of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal program that raised the standard of living for millions of Americans in the 1930s?
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They would be classified as manifest functions
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Cordell has done an extensive study of the increase in divorce rates in the United States since 1950. He has come to the conclusion that the transformation of American society has resulted in a redefinition of love, marriage, children, and the rate of divorce. In view of this, with which sociological perspective would Cordell's conclusion be most aligned?
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symbolic interactionism
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Jimmy and Alex are doing a survey on the opinion undergraduates have on academic services. There are 12,000 undergraduate students, they plan to survey 2,000 students. The 12,000 would be considered ___ and the 2,000 would be the ___
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population; sample
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Jose is conducting research on organized crime. Rather than interviewing criminals or going undercover, he is examining data that someone else has collected. Which method is he using?
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secondary analysis
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If the second measure of an experiment and control group are identical, what does this mean about the experiment?
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the treatment or independent variable was ineffective in making the predicted changes
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T/F Talcott Parsons is credited with being one of the major social reformers and social activists of the 1940s, which led to a widespread acceptance of sociology as a social sceince in America
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False
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T/F Pure, basic, and applied sociology are all terms that refer tot he application of the scientific method to the social world
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False
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T/F Research aimed at learning more about some behavior is called basic sociology
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True
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T/F In structural functionalism, the term functional refers to how the parts of a society fit together to make the whole, and structural refers to what each part does.
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False
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T/F Robert Merton and Emile Durkheim were both advocates of the concept of structural functionalism, which views society as being composed of many interrelated parts
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True
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T/F When using unobtrusive measures, the researcher observes the behavior of people without subjects knowledge that they are being studied
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True
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T/F Although sociological research should be value free, undesirable results should be discarded when they are contrary to the hypothesis
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False
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T/F Repeating a study by other researchers to compare results is referred to as replication
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True
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Who was the first African American to earn a doctoral degree from Harvard University?
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W.E.B. Du Bois
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Who was the influential sociologist who, in the 1940s, developed abstract models to explain how the parts of society work together harmoniously?
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Talcott Parsons
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What term describes the use of sociology to solve social problems in business, the workplace, and other aspects of society?
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applied sociology
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What is a general statement about how some parts of the world fit together and how they work?
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a theory
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Which sociological perspective analyzes how social life depends on the ways we define ourselves and others?
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symbolic interactionism
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Which theoretical perspective stresses that society as a whole unit, made up of interrelated parts that work together harmoniously?
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functional analysis
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