Sociology Final- Quiz#3

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Which of the following is a social group?
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a couple married less than one year
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Which of the following is true?
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a person measures his or her own worth by the standards of a reference group
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Which of the following is a social aggregate?
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people waiting at terminal c for flight 181
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What term do sociologist use to refer to a group with an identifiable membership that engages in concerned collective actions to achieve a specific goal?
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organization
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Jane was in charge of a difficult project in a large office. She was a tough leader and kept pushing people to accomplish the project's goals. She would be an example of a(n) ____ type of leader?
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instrumental
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Which of the following situations most likely illustrates a primary relationship?
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a family enjoying a picnic at the beach
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How do Japanese corporations differ from the bureaucratic model followed by most business organizations in the west?
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Japanese corporations use a horizontal, collaborative model
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Which of the following is among the characteristics of a bureacracy?
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all the above
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Which of the following best describes the relationship between group size, intimacy, and stability?
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larger groups, such as fraternities, are less intimate than small cliques, but the fraternities are a more stable group & relationships
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The McDonalization of society refers to:
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the increase of regulated and standardized of society due to automation
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The privilege that allows leaders to deviiate from their group's norms is called?
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idiosyncrasy credit
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Reference groups provide us with?
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a standard for judging one's attitudes and behaviors
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People with a common characteristic, such as gender, occupation, or ethnicity, but not necessarily interactin with each other nor gather in one place, are called a?
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social category
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Among the informal controls that we have in our society, the most effective to control deviance is?
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socialization
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Tom Brown was the supervisor of a group of computer programmers. He provided support if needed, but generally allowed members of his group to work by themselves. His leadership style would be called?
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laissez-faire
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Early attempts to explain deviant behavior in individuals were based on the assumption that crime was committed mostly by people with certain physical traits. This view was called?
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biological determinism
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If you live in a high crime area, many of the people you will befriend will be involved in criminal activities, thus increasing your opportunity to learn criminal behavior. The conceptual context for this phenonmenon is known as?
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differential association
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Accoding to Edwin Sutherland, how do criminals adopt criminal behavior?
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They learn criminal behavior from peers
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With which of the following statements might a conflict theorist most closely agree?
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deviants are labeled as such by powerful grops who use the label to control the less powerful
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The first day of college, you may have felt a little uncertain about how to behave. Durkheim and other sociologists would describe your feelings as?
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anomic
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Many characteristics of organizations appear orthodox but activities are all illegal, easy to evade law enforcements, they are called?
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organized crime
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Nowadays, corporate crime, or white-collar crime, occurs at a higher rate than individual criminal acts. Which of the following is an example of corporate crime?
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all the above
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Which theories explaining deviance are classified as symbolic interactionist?
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labeling theory and conformity theory
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Most evidence about the impact of capital punishment on murder rates supports the conclusion that capital punishment?
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has greatly deterred murder in other cultures but not in America
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The popular perception of rape is that it is committed by strangers. However, research suggests that many rapes are not reported because they are committed by
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mere acquaintances
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Which of the following is NOT a reason why college students become binge drinkers?
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prior involvemnet in drug use
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T/F: studies show that western companies cannot successfully operate with the kind of bottom-up decision making used in Japen
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false
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T/F: human resource theory is a style that sees human resources issues as the responsibility of the whole organization, not just the human resouces department
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true
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The key to increased productivity in today's organizations is not, as fredrick taylor assumed, in the formal organization but in the
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informal organization, the relationships of the workers
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The culture of rape suggest all of the following attitudes EXCEPT:
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women are treated as equals to men in all aspects of society
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Sociological Research and Theory suggest that:
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crime and deviance are rooted in the structure of society, including poverty, urban conditions, and generally the crises faced by many young men
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A global analysis of deviance reveals social differences in a number of deviant activities. which of the following is NOT one of those differences?
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prostitution is more of a problem in the US then in other countries
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according to some experts, the current drug laws do more harm than good because they
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lead to many crimes, including murder
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The influence of organizations over our lives is totally beneficial
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false
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goverment agencies have goals and rules that are stated explicitly so that the work of their many members can be coordinated
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true
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according to Amitai Etzioni, in an organization, the function of the higher participants is to exercise power over the lower participants so that the latter will help the organization achieve its goals
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true
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Having a network of friends and relatives can olny bring joy and chase away loneliness, worries, and trouble, especially for widows
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false
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the pentagon is an example of a secondary group
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true
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the peter principle is that observation that \" In every hierarchy, every employee tends to rise to his or her level of incompetence.
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true
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the addition of olny one person to a group greatly increases the number of relationships.
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true
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most homicides and rapes involve killing and raping acquaintances, friends, and family members, and only few involve strangers
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true
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according to ____________ is the observation that \" work expands to fill the time available for its completion.
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Parkingson's law
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Jane is a nursing student who reads books about the life of nurses, and uses nursing expressions when talking to her friends. For her, nurses are her ______ _____
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reference group
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In ____ ______ the wrongdoer is punished in such a way as to be stigmatized, rejected, or ostracized in effect, banished from conventional society
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disintegrative shaming
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Individuals who commit ________ suicide are so strongly tied to their group that they effectively lose their sleves and stand ready to do their groups bidding
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Altruistic
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______ is a number of people who happen to be in one place but do not interact with each other
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social aggregates
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herb, joe, and judy routinely meet for breakfast to discuss how to solve problems and promote work in the office, the meetings are part of their company's _________ organization
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informal
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american sociologist in 1930's ____________, agreed with Emile Durkheim theory concerning that deviance is an integral part of all healthy societies
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robert merton
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Race, class, _____ all play a role in deviance, particularly crime and delinquency
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gender
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According to _______ _______ deviance is learned thought interaction with other people like friends
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edwin sutherland
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according to ____ ______, capitalist organizations are the capitalists tool for exploiting the working class
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Karl Marx
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