question

what do sociologists mean when they refer to hidden curriculum of school?

answer

unstated standards of behavior or teachers expectations

question

besides learning skills and knowledge, schools serve three other major purposes. what are they?

answer

economic, future preparation, and socialization functions

question

among the following , which plays a role in the sorting function of students into particular jobs?

answer

credentialism

question

knowledge how to dress, act, and present oneself at work, and being able to work well with other people are e examples of what skills?

answer

soft skills

question

research on contemporary college and university students in the US shows they study..... students the past.

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less than

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The us .... the world in the amount of education its citizens receive?

answer

no longer leads

question

After the end of WW2, how did the gov. choose to regulate the flow of workers into the labor market and avoid high unemployment among former soldiers?

answer

by issuing the G.I. bill

question

which of the following life outcomes for sylvia is more likely than the others because she failed to complete high school?

answer

sylvia is unmarried

question

sociologists offer two competing explanations as to why people with more education reap larger socioeconomic rewards. what are they?

answer

human capital theory and allocation theory

question

what does human capital theory suggest about education?

answer

that education transmits knowledge, skills, and vales that persist in adulthood and that employers believe increase productivity

question

according to human capital theory....?

answer

people with more education are paid more because they are more productive

question

what does allocation theory suggest about education?

answer

that education limits entry into some occupations and thus raises the rewards for people in them

question

what do sociologists mean when they say that education serves a credentialing function?

answer

that education limits entry into some occupations and thus raises the rewards for people in them

question

social closure practices, which.... include licensing?

answer

limit entry into some occupations

question

which of the following statements about less educated workers is true?

answer

they are more likely to do manual labor

question

for lower-class white males, educational attainment is ...... related to occupation and income.

answer

moderately

question

for upper-class white males, social origin is .... to occupation and income.

answer

strongly related

question

the fact that people with comparable occupations and incomes participate more in the civiv and political life of their communities when they have more education is consistent with the.... view of education.

answer

socialization

question

people with more education ten to live longer. this is true of....

answer

men and women, whether white or black

question

.... refers to the practice of marrying individuals whose educational levels are similar to one's own.

answer

educational homogamy

question

how has marriage changed in recent decades?

answer

more likely to marry than less educated people

question

the educational experiences of american children, regardless of social class differences.....

answer

are likely to be quite different

question

over the last 50 years, family income has become..... in explaining the education achievement gap.

answer

more important than race ???

question

the disparity in educational achievement between whites and asian americans, who tend to fare better on average than african american, latino, and native american students.......

answer

has persisted over 30 years

question

in a sociological context, SES is a an abbreviation for

answer

socioeconomic status

question

men with some high school education earn.... than their female counterparts, while men with master's degrees earn..... with similar educations.

answer

62 percent more; 41 percent more than women

question

what percentage of US college students attends public nonprofit colleges and universities?

answer

65 percent

question

who is more likely to be home- schooled?

answer

white school- aged children

question

in the united states how much funding for schools comes from the federal government?

answer

less than 10 percent

question

tracking is....

answer

assigning student to different ability or curriculum groups

question

where is tracking a particularly widespread practice?

answer

in a large diverse school systems and in school serving primarily lower- class students

question

differences in achievement test scores can be explained, in part, by differences in the courses that student take, especially in which three subjects?

answer

reading, math and science

question

why does tracking persist, even though it clearly segregates students by social class and ethnicity?

answer

privileged parents feel that tracking gives their children educational benefits

question

prosperous and white children are..... as likely as poor or minority children to attend private schools.

answer

two times as likely

question

which of the following scenarios best illustrates the long-lasting effects of the hidden curriculum in schools?

answer

kelly an her twin brother brent had very different experiences in school....

question

jeff wants to start his own business, he remembers his sociology professor talking about socialization theory, human capital, and allocation theory. whats his best strategy?

answer

hire mostly college graduates. they'll have the needed skills and productively levels.

question

given what u know about gender differences in educational attainment, which of the following scenarios is most likely?

answer

jane is more likely than Bob to earn her bachelor's degree

question

which of the following methods is more likely than the others to improve overall student achievement?

answer

instruction in creative problem solving and in critical thinking and analysis

question

a group of teachers and administrators are discussing. their goal is to provide and equitable learning and achievement environment for all students. which of the following proposals has the greatest chance of fulfilling their goal?

answer

offering students clearly explained specialized assistance for their differing abilities, while involving parents in the process of phasing out most of the existing specialized groups

question

enrollment in public schools grew rapidly in the 1950's and 1960's asa result of....

answer

an increase in population

question

sociologists discovered which of the following was true among the urban elementary schools response to the Texas accountability system and student success initiative?

answer

teachers were more likely to help students on the brink of passing the standardized test

question

..... is the idea that competition for desirable and important positions should go to those with the best qualifications regardless of their family background

answer

meritocracy

question

the moral act, passed in 1862 by the federal government, provided each state with resources to build.....

answer

land-grant universities

question

in 1848, horace Mann called education.....

answer

the great equalizer

question

the value of degrees that previously secured a job are in decline such that students must overcome a variety of academic hurdles in order to be competitive fro a position; this is known as....

answer

credential inflation

question

the gender gap in education favors girls over boys with respect to....

answer

achievement and attainment

question

according to the us report card which subject are 8th graders less proficient in?

answer

science

question

deviance and control always constitute a paired relationship that consists of the .... and ...

answer

individual and group

question

according to the fried in civilization and its discontents, which of the following best exemplifies what he meant by basic needs and the " futility of rebellion"?

answer

carl who is seven is told to go to bed but lays in bed texting his friend

question

our earliest encounter with what is perceived to be normality is essentially that of .......

answer

our parents and the like

question

simply put to be a "deviant" entails.....

answer

violating a rule that brings with it the disapproval of other

question

what key factor played into cesare beccaria's formula for making people obey the law?

answer

fairness

question

which of the following is an example of statistical deviance?

answer

a man decides to sing loudly while he is shopping for groceries

question

when a couple gets married and vows to remain faithful they are expressing an....

answer

willingness to behave according to what people expect

question

when is a "deviant" behavior deviant according to most sociologists?

answer

when it violates societal rules

question

what did durkheim mean by the " unstated terms of the social contract"?

answer

what sociologists eventually called norms

question

a norm can best be defined as ....

answer

basic rule of society

question

Why might a yogi in southern India or a Buddhist monk in Nepal violate a Westerner's so-called "norm of engagement"?

answer

what looks like they are doing nothing is doing something according to their callings and culture

question

The debtor's prisons of the nineteenth century are good examples of __________

answer

both interested and disinterested rule-making

question

The 1919 constitutional amendment that outlawed the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages in the United States failed because __________.

answer

a civil disobedience

question

The widespread use of morphine that followed the Civil War was for what reason?

answer

a treat an array of medical problems

question

The heaviest users of morphine in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries were __________.

answer

middle-class white women

question

The great irony in American history is how the "demon rum" of the nineteenth century became a mark of good taste for the social drinker. What reason would best explain the cause?

answer

the patterns of consumption changed both in the amounts and who drank alcoholic beverages

question

The transition of opiate use from an acceptable, if often abused, pain reliever to that of a pleasure-seeking drug also saw a change in __________.

answer

the demographics of the user to that of working-class meals, increasingly of color

question

The war on drugs to reduce abuse, protect children, make neighborhoods safer, and the like fell disproportionately on __________, rather than treating the broader spectrum of social ills and classes for which it was intended.

answer

african americans

question

Moral regulation, the effort to legislate morality, is being curbed by what phenomenon?

answer

there is a general support for lifestyle freedom rather than organized resistance

question

Which of the following would best illustrate how sociologists see process as defining deviance?

answer

both are since this range is the typical grace allowed to motorists

question

Edwin Sutherland (1949) coined the term __________ to describe a form of crime that was once not considered a crime that put Americans at risk.

answer

white-collar crime

question

What criminal activity ultimately brought Enron executives to justice?

answer

false profit reporting

question

What is the deviant behavior of those people complicit in the 2008 U.S. financial crisis?

answer

making deceptive subprime loans to people who could not pay off their mortgages

question

Why is white-collar crime punished disproportionally compared to blue-collar crime?

answer

white-collar crime is perceived as victimless that is not harming its victims in the personal way blue-collar crime harms its victims

question

When Congress and U.S. presidents altered the __________ that precipitated the S&L crisis and the subprime loan scandal, it was a prime example of how flexible __________ is for those who hold the power.

answer

banking laws, deviancy

question

An act of terrorism can be performed by ______

answer

any entry, whether a state, group or indivual

question

Why were guerrilla warfare and acts of terrorism rare in history?

answer

states typically observed rules of engagement on a battlefield

question

State terrorism is a form of ______

answer

terrorism that violates the same laws and conventions as stateless and state-sponsored terrorists

question

Why were the reprehensible acts (humiliation, cultural disrespect, torture, etc.) at the Abu Ghraib prison not a clear case of institutional deviance?

answer

the us military blamed the sadistic tendencies of individuals soldiers, not the chain of command

question

The deviance implicit in a drone strike is that _____

answer

it kills noncombatants such as innocent civilians

question

What is the critical difference between jail and prison

answer

jail is intended for short periods of incarnation prisons for longer

question

Probation can best be described as ______

answer

punishment that permits and offender to live in the community rather than serve a prison sentence

question

Which of the following statements about the United States is indicative of reality?

answer

crime rates in the US are on average similar to those of other first world nations

question

As one scholar opines, racial makeup of the rising prison population reflects a "new Jim Crow." What is meant by this?

answer

the large number of african americans in the prison population suggest the "colored only" accommodations that were once common in the American South up until mid-twentieth century

question

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates the relationship that exists between deviance and power?

answer

a well respected city alderman , whose campaign was hugely supported by the local police force, was caught driving under the influence. when the police officer realized whom he had stopped he decided to let the alderman off with a warning rather than arrest him.

question

According to current ideology among social scientists, which of the following reasons best explains why the United States is experiencing mass incarceration and has a significantly higher incarceration rate than any other country?

answer

an increase in moral crusades against drugs and drug users and tougher political stances against crime and criminals

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