sociology exam 2, chapt 3/4
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the sum of all the social categories and concepts we recognize in addition to our beliefs, behaviors and practices. it is everything but nature.
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culture
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everything that is a part of our constructed, physical environment, including technology.
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Material culture
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includes values, beliefs, behaviors, and social norms.
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nonmaterial culture
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The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
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Low Culture
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modes of behavior and understanding that are not universal or natural, but that may strongly shape beliefs or concepts held by a society.
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cultural scripts
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a group united by sets of concepts, values, traits, and/or behavioral patterns that distinguish it from others within the same culture or society.
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Subcultures
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a subculture whose values and norms of behavior differ substantially from those of mainstream society. EX:KKK, Terrorist organizations(go against society.
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Counter cultures
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moral beliefs
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Values
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how values tell us to act.
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norms
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norms that are strictly enforced
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mores
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norms that are not strictly enforced
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Folkways
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Belief that ones group or culture is superior to all others.
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Ethnocentrisms
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refers to the impact of media on culture and how people and societies shape and are shaped by the dominant culture.
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Hegemony
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Process by which a person internalizes values, beliefs, and norms of society. How a person learns to function as a member of that society.
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socialization
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- developed a theory about how the social self develops over the course of childhood. -stressed the importance of imitation, play, and games in helping children recognize one another, distinguish between self and other, and grasp the idea that other people can have multiple roles.
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George Herbert Mead
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an institution in which one is totally immersed that controls all the basics of day-to-day life. Ex: military, prison, insane asylum.
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Total Institutions
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Roles are the behaviors expected from a particular status. -Gender roles:set of behavioral norms associated primarily with males or females in a given social group or system
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Different roles in society
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a position in society that comes with a set of expectations.
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status
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status we are born with that is unlikely to change.
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ascribed status
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status we have earned through individual effort or that is imposed by others.
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achieved status
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theory that views social life as a theatrical performance in which we are all actors on metaphysical stages with roles, scripts, costumes, and sets.
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Goffman and the dramaturgical theory
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argued that the key element in determining the form of social relations in a group is the size of the group. Dyad and triad.
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George Simmel
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Family and close friends. First point of socialization
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Primary group
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Groups we belong to because of certain interests.
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secondary group
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Most intimate form of a group. Group of two. most fragile group because if one leaves, the group no longer exists.
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Dyads
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a set of relations — a set of dyads — held together by ties between individuals.
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social networks
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connect personal experiences to society at large.
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C. Wright Mills and the Power Elite
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a constraining process that forces one unit in a population to resemble other units that face the same set of environmental conditions.
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Isomorphism
