question

There are ____ phases in the adult female development:

answer

three

question

The whole phase of early adulthood is also known as the novice phase.

answer

F

question

The age 30 transition can be a difficult period because

answer

all of the above

question

In the study conducted by Daniel Levinson, midlife transition was a period of moderate to severe crisis.

answer

T

question

Phase III of female development reveals that

answer

both a and b

question

The greatest stresses of adulthood are during the

answer

early adult transition, entering the adult world, the age 30 transition, the settling down period, and the midlife transition.

question

The first stage of the middle adulthood era, called the midlife transition, serves as the bridge between early and middle adulthood.

answer

T

question

The settling down period, the first stage of early adulthood, is called "making it" in the adult world.

answer

F

question

Which group holds slightly more than half of the professional jobs in the United States?

answer

women

question

Changes in the American labor force since 1970 reveal all of the following EXCEPT

answer

over one half of the labor force has a college degree.

question

Control over job responsibilities has a positive correlation to job satisfaction.

answer

t

question

Which of the following has not been a major change in the workforce within the last century?

answer

greater emphasis on farming and manufacturing jobs

question

In today's labor force, workers are waiting longer to retire.

answer

t

question

Today, it is typical to change professions how many times in a lifetime?

answer

5-6

question

A vast majority of workers today have a college degree.

answer

f

question

Job satisfaction

answer

varies according to income and age.

question

Among the topics studied by gerontologists for the young-old, ages 65-74, adjustment to retirement is one of the most important developmental issues.

answer

t

question

Alzheimer's disease is not a progressive deterioration of the brain cells.

answer

f

question

Research indicates all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

people who were happy or fulfilled in their work rarely find retirement satisfying.

question

Retirees adjust better to their new situation if they remain linked to the larger social world to which they belong.

answer

t

question

Researchers now believe that most elderly people

answer

retain their intellectual abilities throughout life.

question

ages 65 - 74

answer

young-old

question

ages 40-59

answer

MIDDLE ADULTHOOD

question

age 75 - 84

answer

middle-old

question

common American jobs held

answer

The most commonly held jobs are managerial and professional specialty jobs and more men hold these type of jobs than females.

question

The interactionist perspective looks at how the interaction between individuals influence deviance.

answer

T

question

The suspension of moral beliefs to commit deviant acts is a

answer

technique of neutralization

question

____ explains deviance as a learned behavior.

answer

Cultural transmission theory

question

Conflict theorist believe that

answer

both a and b

question

The concepts of culturally approved goals and the legitimate means of achieving these goals was devised by

answer

Robert K. Merton.

question

Differential association refers to the frequency and closeness of associations a person has with deviant and nondeviant individuals.

answer

T

question

Behavior that violates significant social norms is called

answer

deviant

question

People who use innovation do not accept the cultural goals of their society but do accept the approved means for achieving these goals.

answer

F

question

It is suggested that deviance has the following uses in social life:

answer

all of the above

question

The interactionist perspective focuses on

answer

all above

question

People with power commit deviant acts to obtain economic rewards.

answer

F

question

Like strain theory, control theory explains deviance as a natural occurrence.

answer

t

question

Innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion employ deviant behavior.

answer

T

question

In a ____, a person is assigned a status at birth and remains at that level throughout life.

answer

caste system

question

The division of society into categories, ranks, or classes is called

answer

social stratification

question

American society is based on the caste system.

answer

f

question

Workers who sell their labor in exchange for wages.

answer

proletariat

question

In a class system, the distribution of scarce resources and rewards is determined on the basis of achieved status.

answer

t

question

The subjective method is used to define social class by income, occupation, and education.

answer

F

question

Social classes in the United States are usually divided into three classes—upper class, middle class, and lower class.

answer

T

question

____ individuals can attend prestigious schools and their families have usually been wealthy for generations.

answer

upper class

question

nursing and sales are professions associated with this social class

answer

lower middle

question

social class that is comprised of migrant farm workers

answer

working poor

question

Intergenerational mobility is the status difference between generations in different families.

answer

F

question

The reputational method is always the best method for determining social class.

answer

F

question

Underclass families have experienced unemployment and poverty over several generations.

answer

T

question

Individuals that are primarily high-income business people and professionals are

answer

upper middle

question

social class that relies on public assistance

answer

underclass

question

Conflict theorists see competition over scarce resources as

answer

the cause of social inequality.

question

Advances in technology can cause workers with outdated skills to experience _____.

answer

Downward social mobility

question

Which of the following is not considered to be an ethnic group?

answer

Mongoloid

question

Collective discrimination is

answer

a negative bias against an entire group.

question

Racial stratification is almost extinct, thanks to reform attempts.

answer

F

question

There are no biologically pure races.

answer

T

question

Scapegoating—placing the blame for one's troubles on an innocent individual or group—is a sociological explanation of discrimination and prejudice.

answer

F

question

Segregation based on informal norms is ______.

answer

de facto

question

Segregation based on laws is called _____

answer

de jure

question

A group is considered incapable of understanding technical training, and thus is denied technical training. This group is then unable to gain employment in technical fields. Taking this lack of employment in technical fields as evidence of the group's inability to understand technical information is a self-fulfilling prophecy.

answer

T

question

African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanics, and American Indians have all faced the same levels of discrimination and prejudice.

answer

F

question

A form of discrimination that is upheld by the law is called _____.

answer

legal

question

The apartheid system in South Africa was an example of legal discrimination.

answer

T

question

All of the following are sources of prejudice and discrimination EXCEPT:

answer

subjugation

question

Competition for jobs produced physical violence and discrimination

answer

Asian Americans

question

During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, immigrants from predominantly Catholic countries faced open discrimination at the hands of the American-born white Protestant majority.

answer

T

question

Face many challenges, including suicide and alcohol-related deaths.

answer

American Indians

question

Immigrants in the 1900s were mainly from

answer

Southern and Eastern Europe.

question

Denial of equal treatment to individuals based on their group membership.

answer

discrimination

question

The belief that one's own race or ethnic group is superior to other races or ethnic groups.

answer

racism

question

South Africa practiced subjugation.

answer

T

question

The confinement of Japanese Americans to relocation camps during World War II is an example of

answer

population transfer

question

How do children learn gender role behaviors?

answer

through socialization

question

The family is the most powerful agent of gender socialization.

answer

T

question

One result of the second shift is that

answer

women, on average, have less leisure time than men.

question

Women make up 52 percent of the voting-age population.

answer

T

question

A new development in the political arena is that more women are holding statewide positions, which has increased from four percent in years past to twenty-nine percent.

answer

T

question

Which of the following is NOT a result of the women's rights movement?

answer

the Civil Rights Act of 1964

question

In 1972 the Equal Rights Amendment was formed and was ratified by 38 states.

answer

T

question

Which of the following is a cause of the challenges to Social Security?

answer

longer life expectancies

question

Where would you be more likely to find proper health care?

answer

wealthy urban area

question

According to the article, "President Bush Proposes Health Savings Accounts," about 46 million of the U.S. population are uninsured.

answer

T

question

In just two decades, AIDS has become one of the most serious public health problems in the United States and worldwide.

answer

T

question

In the year 2000, it was reported that health care costs exceeded

answer

1.3 trillion

question

The behavioral and psychological traits considered appropriate for men and women.

answer

gender

question

How many people in the United States are affected with disabilities?

answer

53 mil

question

The elderly in the United States have become

answer

a political force

question

In theory, there are three possible patterns of authority in families.

answer

T

question

Which of the following describes a family where the mother and the father share authority?

answer

egalitarian

question

When a woman is permitted to marry more than one man at a time.

answer

polyandry

question

Family consisting of an individual, his or her spouse, and their children.

answer

family of procreation

question

Kinship traced through the mother's family is called

answer

matrilineal descent

question

The family form most recognizable to Americans.

answer

nuclear family

question

What do most sociologist argue is the most-devastating family disruption?

answer

family violence

question

Today in the United States it is not at all uncommon for a woman to have her first child at what age?

answer

30

question

More than half of American schools report at least one serious, violent incident per year.

answer

F

question

The educational issues facing the United States in the early 2000s include

answer

educational reform

question

The assignment of students to different types of educational programs is considered

answer

tracking

question

The following groups are more likely to participate regularly in religious services:

answer

African Americans, women, and older citizens

question

The "opium of the people" idea refers to the theory that religion encourages people to accept their social conditions because rewards await them in the afterlife.

answer

T

question

Belief systems can be organized into three basic types

answer

animism, theism, ethicalism.

question

The following is not a goal included in the Goals 2000: Educate America Act:

answer

the number of high-school graduates will rise to 80 percent or more

question

Under this program, parents may receive a voucher equal to the amount their state spends on education for their child.

answer

school choice

question

A new religion whose beliefs and practices differ from those of the society?s major religions.

answer

cult

question

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are examples of

answer

monotheistic

question

The four factors that contributed to the rebirth of science are the decline of the Roman empire, the influence of the Catholic church, the Protestant Reformation, and the invention of the printing press.

answer

F

question

Science emerged as a recognizable system of study in 800s B.C.

answer

F

question

The central ideal of industrialization was maintaining "status quo."

answer

F

question

What is the sociology of science?

answer

The sociological investigation of how scientific knowledge develops.

question

The Age of Enlightenment supported

answer

reason over religious beliefs.

question

What is the Matthew effect?

answer

A tendency for honors and recognition to go to those scientists who have already achieved recognition

question

A paradigm, as described by Thomas S. Kuhn,

answer

determines the topics of scientific inquiry and shapes the interpretations of data.

question

Respected individuals in the community who review and evaluate media messages and then pass the information to friends and acquaintances are called

answer

opinion leaders

question

The belief that all scientific knowledge should be made available to everyone in the scientific community.

answer

communalism

question

Idea that scientific research should be judged solely on the basis of quality.

answer

universalism

question

Fertility is

answer

the actual number of births occurring to women of childbearing age.

question

The biological capability to bear children.

answer

fecundity

question

The demographic transition theory helps explain

answer

how population change is related to the technological development of a society.

question

Model that describes cities as growing in wedge-shaped sectors outward from the center to the edge of the city.

answer

sector model

question

Model that describes a city as developing around several centers of activity.

answer

multiple nuclei model

question

The subcultural theory explains the nature of city life.

answer

T

question

According to urban anomie theory the impersonal nature of city life extends to situations that do not call for social involvement.

answer

F

question

During the 1920s and 1930s, sociologists interested in urban life developed an approach to the study of cities called ? urban ecology.

answer

urban ecology

question

In many of the less developed nations, the rapid growth of cities has led to ? over urbanization.

answer

over urbanization

question

English economist Thomas R. Malthus predicted that there would not be any problems resulting from population growth.

answer

F

question

The contagion theory describes how

answer

emotions encourage people toward collective action.

question

Equilibrium theory appeals to some sociologists because it explains

answer

how societies are able to change yet maintain order.

question

Class conflict has not resulted in revolution in most modern industrial societies.

answer

t

question

According to Karl Marx, social change results from the efforts of

answer

the powerless to gain power.

question

Pitirim Sorokin's belief that societies have a natural tendency toward social change is called

answer

PRINCIPLE of imminent change

question

Culture in which truth and knowledge are sought through faith or religion.

answer

ideational

question

Modern theories of social change suggest that all societies follow similar patterns of development.

answer

F

question

Cyclical theories of social change gain popularity during periods of extreme social turmoil.

answer

T

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