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Personality Development

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Personality, Nature v. Nurture, Instinct

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Personality

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Behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and values

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Nature v. Nurture

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Heredity v. Environment

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Instinct

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Unchanging, biologically inherited behavior

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Heredity

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Transmission of characteristics from one generation to another: Physical traits, Aptitudes, Natural Talent

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Physical Traits

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Outside appearances

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Aptitudes

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They are things that you are naturally inclined to and easily develop it

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Natural Talent

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Something you are born with the ability to do. Can be influenced by environment, positive or negative reinforcement

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How heredity can limit you

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If you are 5 feet tall there isn't that much of a chance that you will play basketball in the NBA.

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Type of factors that can Influence Birth Order

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Boy vs. Girl, Age Gap, Multiple Birth, Brothers and Sisters

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Only Child

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Pampered and Spoiled / Feels incompetent because adults are more capable / Is center of attention; often enjoys position / May feel special / Self-centered / Relies on service from others rather than their own efforts / Feels unfairly treated when doesn't get own way / May refuse to cooperate / May plays "divide and conquer" to get own way

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First Child

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Is only child for period of time; used to being center of attention / Believes must gain and hold superiority over the other children / Being right and controlling is often important / May respond to birth of the second child by feeling unloved and neglected / Strives to keep or regain parent's attention through conformity / If this failed, chooses to misbehave / May develop competent, responsible behavior or become very discouraged / Sometime strive to protect and help others / Strives to please.

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Second Child

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Never has parents' undivided attention / Always has sibling ahead who's more advanced / Acts as if in a race, trying to catch up to overtake first child / If the first child is "good", second may become "bad." Develops abilities first child doesn't exhibit. If first child is successful, may feel uncertain of self and abilities. / May be a rebel / Often doesn't like position. / Feels "squeezed" if the third child is born / May push down other siblings

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Middle Child

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Has neither the rights of the oldest nor the privileges of the youngest / Can feel life is unfair / Can feel unloved or left out / Is most adaptable of any child / Learns to deal with older and younger siblings / May become the problem child

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Youngest Child

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Behaves like an only child / Feels everyone is bigger and more capable / Expects others to do things / May not be taken seriously / May become the boss of the family / Inferiority or "speeder" development / "the baby" / If the youngest of 3, often allies with the oldest against the middle

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Parental Characteristics

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Age, Level of Education, Religious Orientation, Economic Status, Cultural heritage, Occupation

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Cultural Environmental

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Different cultures desire the young to develop certain characteristics

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Feral Children

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Wild or Untamed children who need the physical or emotional contact to develop normally

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Dr. Harlow's experiment

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Monkey's exhibited fear, hostility, unsociability, and lack of feelings

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Anna

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confined to the attic, Discovered at age 6, died at age 10

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Isabelle

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confined to a dark room with deaf mother, Found at age 6, After 2 years of therapy she reached a social level equal to her age group

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Genie

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Discovered in 1970 at age 13, Spent most of her time locked in a room tied to potty chair, At age 13, she had social and psychological skills of a 1 yr. old, 8 years of training (and 21 years old) and she only progressed to a third grade level

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Emperor Frederick II

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In the 1200s, Isolated young children from contact with others to see what language thy would speak if never exposed to anyone, all of the children died. THIS expirement showed the importance of emotional contact for young childre

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Institutionalization

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When people are put in places such as: Hospitals, Mental institutions, orphanages, etc.

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Rene Spitz

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In 1945, he studied newborns in orphanages that didn't get loving care. RESULTS: Within 2 years, 1/3 had died, Of those left: 25% could walk by themselves, dress themselves, and use a spoon, Only 1 could use complete sentences

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The Social Self

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Socialization + Self

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Socialization

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The interactive process through which people learn the basic skills, values, beliefs, and behavior patterns of society

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Self

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Your conscious awareness of possessing a distinct identify that separates you and your environment from other members of society

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John Locke

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English Philosopher, Tabula Rasa- "clean slate", Believed we were born w/o a, personality, Believed he could shape a child's personality by controlling its environment.

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Charles Cooley

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Looking Glass Self

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Looking Glass Self

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Self-interactive process by which we develop an image of ourselves based on how we imagine we appear to others 3 STEPS: 1st We imagine how we appear 2nd We attempt to determine if others view us as we view ourselves 3rd We use our perceptions of how others judge us to develop feelings about ourselves

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George Mead

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American Philosopher-interactionist, Believed Cooley didn't go far enough with the Looking Glass Self, Belived in ROLE TAKING, "we see ourselves through the eyes of others"

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Role Taking

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Forms the basis of the socialization process by allowing us to anticipate what others expect of us; 3 STEPS: Under 3 years old- imitation; 3-5 years old- play; 5+ years old- games

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Significant Others

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The people closest to us

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Generalized others

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the rest of society

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"Me" vs. "I"

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Sense of self

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The "I"

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In "Me" vs. "I", this is your unsocialized self, it is all you have when you are born

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The "Me"

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In "Me" vs. "I", this is your socialized self, Develops as you become more aware of expectations and attitudes of society

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The 4 Main Agents of Socialization

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Family, Peer Group, School, Mass Media

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Family

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Most important agent of sociolization; primary source of socialization for young children

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Deliberate

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Specifically instructing you in behaviors such as eating, walking, etc.

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Unintended

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Things that they don't mean to teach you but they do accidentally such as yelling bad words

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Peer Group

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Becomes more important as we get older, Made up of people roughly the same age and social characteristics (money, standing, education, etc.), Most influential during adolescence, The desire to be accepted, Focus is on the subculture, Mainly unintended in socialization

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School

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Occupies a large part of people's lives between ages 5 and 18, Mostly deliberate socialization

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Mass Media

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No face to face contact; TV, Radio, Internet, Movies, Video Games, Magazines, Newspapers, etc.; TV is the largest influence of all the agents

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Other Agents of Socialization

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Work, Religion

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Re-socialization

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Break with old experiences and learning new values and norms

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Total Institutions

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Isolates people from society for certain amount of time EXAMPLES: Prison, Boot Camp, Monasteries, Mental Hospitals

Sociology Chapter 5: Socialization – Flashcards

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