sociology chapter 5 & 7 – Flashcards
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In a society organized around mechanical solidarity, tasks would you likely engage
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building homes making clothing preparing food
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social institutions
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is used to refer to organized patterns of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs
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The conflict perspective holds that social institutions
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maintain the privileges of the powerful individuals and groups within a society.
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is a criticism of social disorganization theory?
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it seems to blame neighborhoods and the people in them for high crime rates.
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The term social control refers to
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techniques and strategies for preventing deviant behavior in any group
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the functionalist perspective
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sociological perspective emphasizes how societies literally could not operate if massive numbers of people defied standards of appropriate conduc
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According to Stanley Milgram's Teacher-Learner Experiment, individuals will
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obey the commands of people viewed as legitimate authority figures, even if the behavior might harm another individual.
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was the motivation behind Stanley Milgram's Teacher-Learner Experiment?
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o better understand German involvement in the Holocaust.
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example of a negative consequence of bureaucratization
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the Peter principle. impersonalization. red tape.
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differential association theory
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Monica, a new student at Valley High School, becomes friends with a group of teenagers who use marijuana and skip school. Monica begins to use marijuana and skip school. This is an example of
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A bureaucracy
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is a component of formal organization that uses rules and hierarchical ranking to achieve efficiency.
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conflict perspetive
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sociological perspective would be particularly concerned about studies that show that whites who commit crimes receive shorter sentences than Black and Latino offenders
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technology
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In Gerhard Lenski's view, societal organization is highly dependent on its level of
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social role
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is a set of expectations for people who occupy a given social position or status
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bureaucratization
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the process by which a group, organization or social movement becomes increasingly bureaucratic
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formal organization
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a group designed for a special purpose and structured for maximum efficiency
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social class
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William Chambliss concluded that a key factor in the varying fortunes of the two groups was their differing
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A primary group
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is a small group characterized by intimate, face-to-face association and cooperation
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santions
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are penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm.
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labeling theory.
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is called societal reaction approach .A sociologist studies how a teacher's attitudes toward particular students affects students' performances. "Teacher's pets" (the favorites) perform better and "troublemakers" perform poorly.also is an approach to deviance that attempts to explains why certain people are veiwed as a deviants whileother engaged in the behavior are not. This is an example of
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ascribed status
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It is generally biologically in origin, but significant mainly because of the social meanings attached to it within a given culture
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deviance
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is behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society (norms
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anomie
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durkheim' s term for loss of direction felt in a society when social control behavior has become ineffective
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crime
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a violation of criminal law for which governmental authorityn applies formal penalty
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stigma
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a label used to devalue member of certain social group
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control theory
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a veiw of conformity and deviance that suggests that our connection to member of society leads us to systematically confom to society' s norm
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the functionalist perpective
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argued that people must respect social norm if any group or society is to survive
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kai erikson
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sociologist illustrated the boundary maintainance function of deviance in his study of puritans in 17 th century new engalnd
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edwin sutherland
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sociologist firs advanced the idea that an individual undergoes the same basic socialization process whether learning conforming or deviant acts
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socialization
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is the primary source of conformity ann obedience including obedience to law
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william chambliss
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he conducted obserbation resercher on two groups of high school males and concluded that social class played an important role in the varying fortunes of two groups
