Sociology Chapter 19 – Health & Medicine – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
A society's organized ways of dealing with sickness and injury
answer
Medicine
question
a human condition measured by four components: physical, mental, social, ; spiritual
answer
health
question
medicine from a sociological view examines how illness and health are related to
answer
cultural beliefs, lifestyles, and social class
question
symbolic interactionist perspective includes
answer
physical, mental, social, spiritual health
question
symbolic interactionist believe defining illness and health is __________ determined
answer
culturally determined
question
___________ perspective states that society functions well when its people are healthy to perform their normal roles
answer
functionalist
question
societies set ways to control sickness by
answer
developing a system of medical care make rules that keep people from being "too sick"
question
functionalist perspective deals with "________ ________"
answer
sick role
question
elements of sick role
answer
you are not responsible for being sick you are exempt fro normal responsibilities you don't like the role you will get help so you can return to your routines
question
those who keep whether you are sick or not in check are called
answer
gatekeepers of the sick role
question
example of gatekeepers of the sick role
answer
parents or guardians physicians - for adults
question
gender differences in the sick role
answer
women are more likely than men to see physicians, go to the emergency room, or hospitalization
question
__________ perspective is the argument over struggle over scarce resources, like health care, and global stratification & health care
answer
conflict perspective
question
the US health care is a
answer
monopoly
question
conflict perspective involved the
answer
professionalization of medicine
question
professionalization of medicine : 1800s
answer
few medical schools opened some licensing of physicians made different claims to the truth training was short dominated by men
question
professionalization of medicine : 1900s
answer
US had 160 medical schools by 1906 Flexner report - most schools closed their doors
question
________________ ___ __________: obtain rigorous education, regulate themselves, take authority over clients, claim theoretical knowledge of illness, perform a service to society
answer
professionalization of medicine
question
The _____________ __________ _____________ (AMA) has control over U.S. medicine
answer
american medical association
question
by law the AMA is the only group allowed to __________ and _______ medical problems
answer
diagnose and treat
question
the AMA practices
answer
fee-for-practice
question
disease and death aren't not just biological events, they change as ________ changes
answer
society
question
shifts in patterns of health reveal the _______ ______ of disease and death
answer
social nature
question
we can safely say, Americans today are physically ________ than earlier generations
answer
healthier
question
the practice of recommending a diagnostic test or treatment that is not necessarily the best option for the patient, but an option that mainly serves the function to protect the physician against lawsuit
answer
defensive medicine
question
death by doctors is called __________ ___________. Using a checklist. Proposed establishment of federal center for patient safety
answer
medical incompetence
question
in the case of medical care - dealing with patients as though they are merely cases and diseases
answer
depersonalization
question
a change of a human condition into a medical matter treated by a physician
answer
medicalization
question
the study of patterns of disease and disability in a population
answer
epidemiology
question
a system of medical care in which the wealthy receive superior medical care and the poor inferior medical care
answer
two-tier system of medical care
question
Mercy killing : Physician assisted suicide
answer
euthanasia
question
when a doctor ends a patients life by injecting a lethal drug
answer
active euthanasia
question
the end life by withholding life supports (nutrients of liquids) is called
answer
passive euthanasia
question
two types of euthanasia cases
answer
chronic pain human vegetable
question
private hospitals sending unprofitable patients to public hospitals or any hospital discharging unprofitable patients before they are well
answer
dumping
question
top 5 leading causes of death
answer
1. heart disease 2. cancer 3. respiratory disease 4. stroke 5. accidents
question
an environment that is harmful to health
answer
disabling environment
question
a society's standard ways of dealing with illness and injury a. health b. the sick role c. dumping d. medicine
answer
d. medicine
question
medical treatment other than that of standard western medicine; often refers to practices that originate in Asia but may also refer to taking vitamins not prescribed by a doctor
answer
alternative medicine
question
which of the following statements about sociology and medicine is true a. in studying illness and health, sociologists are on shaky ground because these are biological rather than sociological matters b. the medical profession believes sociology is irrelevant to its pursuits c. many medial school and hospitals have sociologists on their staffs d. social class plays no role in American medicine
answer
c. many medial school and hospitals have sociologists on their staffs
question
a shaman - a spiritual intermediary in some tribal societies of the world - would probable be _________ in contemporary american society a. honored b. locked up in a mental institution c. consistent with cultural guidelines d. understood
answer
b. locked up in a mental institution
question
Clara was doing her internship in a big urban hospital and Tomas her boyfriend was studying sociology. Tomas said that the way medicine is practiced today is very much influenced by social class. This statement irritated clara who sometimes spend 12-hour shifts working in the emergency room. she knew that triage was based on the nature of the medical emergency not osical class. and everyone received the best care that could be given. but then she noticed one night at 3 a.m. when she was caring for a homeless person she knew who had overdosed yet again on drugs and a priest who might have a life-threatening kidney problem that her attitude toward and perhaps her treatment of these two patients was entirely different. Was Tomas right? a. yes, Tomas was right. illness and health are much more than biological matters b. no, Tomas was wrong, because he was thinking about matters on the periphery of medicine, like insurance c. No, tomas was wrong. Tomas failed to recognize how objective and rational contemporary medicine is d. No, Tomas was wrong. doctors and hospital administrators are not sensitive to social class
answer
a. yes, Tomas was right. illness and health are much more than biological matters
question
one of the three components of health defined by international experts in 1941 was a. social health b. sobriety c. spirituality d. financial solvency
answer
a. social health
question
the gatekeeper for and adult is the a. doctor d. son or daughter c. rabbi or priest d. spouse
answer
a. doctor
question
the sick role is claimed a. more frequently by men b. about equally by women and men c. more frequently by women d. almost exclusively by children
answer
c. more frequently by women
question
according to Talcott parsons part of the sick role is that a. you are held accountable for being sick b. you arent to held responsible for being sick c. you do not need any help in order to get back to your routine d. the person likes the sick role
answer
b. you aren't to held responsible for being sick
question
Brenda felt bad and wanted to stay home from second grade. her mother took Brenda's temperature. it was normal. her mother looked at Brenda carefully and mentally notes that Brenda had eaten her breakfast. she asked Brenda if anything hurt and Brenda said no, she just did not feel well. Brenda's mother packed her off to a normal school day. For Brenda, her mother was the ________________ the sick role a. physician for b. advocate for Brenda taking on c. gatekeeper to d. person taking on
answer
c. gatekeeper to
question
according to parsons when yo claim the sick role you a. cannot also take sick leave b. cannot claim sympathy from others c. agree to keep shouldering your usual responsibilities d. do not like the sick role
answer
d. do not like the sick role
question
medial care is one of the number of examples a. something that people in the least industrialized nations are likely to have better access dothan people in the most industrialized nations b. global stratification c. something that people really do not care much about d. global equity
answer
b. global stratification
question
Afghanistan's infant mortality rate is _______ times higher than Japan's a. 15 b. 94 c. 5 d. 50
answer
d. 50
question
in the united states health care is a. the largest business b. an illegal monopoly c. the fourth-largest business d. free to all
answer
a. the largest business
question
professionalization of medicine in response to the Flexner report occurred in the a. early 1900s b. mid 1800s c. late 1700s d. early 2000s
answer
a. early 1900s
question
what happened after doctors forcefully took over the delievery of babies from midwives? a. prices went up b. the prestige of the work went down c. midwives resigned themselves to not delivering babies d. prices went down
answer
a. prices went up
question
__________ is the study of how medical problems are distributed throughout a population a. euthanasia b. health c. alternative medicine d. epidemiology
answer
d. epidemiology
question
as society changes, disease and death a. stay the same b. change c. increase d. disappear
answer
b. change
question
which statement about mental health is true a. we do not know how much mental illness there is today or was in the past b. the was more mental illness in the past c. there was less mental illness in the past d. we know how much mental illness there is today, but not how much there was in the past
answer
a. we do not know how much mental illness there is today or was in the past
question
a leading cause of death today is a. heart disease b. gout c. tuberculosis d. diarrhea
answer
a. heart disease
question
why do more people die of cancer today than in the past a. because people live longer today and most cancers strike older people b. ancient cures for cancer have been forgotten c. today's lifestyle is not as healthy d. today people die younger when cancer strike
answer
a. because people live longer today and most cancers strike older people
question
in the united states medical care is a. better for people with less money b. commodity for sale c. equally available to all d. a right of all citizens
answer
b. commodity for sale
question
ordering lab tests when the patient does not need them is part of a. the depersonalization of health care b. fighting the sick role c. offensive medicine d. defensive medicine
answer
d. defensive medicine
question
if death by doctors was an official classification, it would rank as the ______ leading cause of death in the united states a. 20th b. first c. 10th d. third
answer
d. third
question
________ refers to the process of turning something that was not previously considered an issue for physicians into am medical matter a. dumping b. disabling environment c. defensive medicine d. medicalization
answer
d. medicalization
question
Sondra was barely conscious from the sedatives she had been given but she could see that she was surrounded by people in hospital garb who she did not know. one of them lifted the front of her robe to show her leg to the others who studied it. The "lifter" - ah the teacher she realized - said something and the other people in robes looked at him with interest and nodded perhaps somewhat excessively with respect. was it some kind of priesthood? if so, what was she? Sondra felt she was the only one not shown respect and she was glad when they left and she could drift off the sleep again. Sondra's treatment was an example of a. the depersonalization of medicine b. dumping c. alternative medicine d. the disabling environment
answer
a. the depersonalization of medicine
question
which of the following statements about AIDS is true a. today AIDS is merely a chronic disease b. the death toll from AIDS has been higher in the us than in Africa c. AIdS poses a greater threat i the united states than in Africa d. the infection and death rates are much lower in the unites states today than in the past
answer
d. the infection and death rates are much lower in the unites states today than in the past
question
american drink was more ________ than they do ______ a. whiskey; water b. wine;beer c. beer;milk d. milk;beer
answer
c. beer;milk
question
about how many americans diet from nicotine and its effects each year a. ten million b. 100,000 c. 10,000 d. half a million
answer
d. half a million
question
a _______________ environment is one that is harmful to peoples health a. alternative b. symbolic interactionist c. disabling d. upper-class
answer
c. disabling
question
which statement about the Tuskegee syphilis experiment is true a. no one died from the Tuskegee syphilis experiment b. if the patients had been wealthy subjects, it is inconceivable that the doctors would have performed the experiment c. the Tuskegee syphilis experiment was actually an accident rather than a deliberate experiment d. patients in the Tuskegee syphilis experiment knew all about the risks
answer
b. if the patients had been wealthy subjects, it is inconceivable that the doctors would have performed the experiment
question
which of the following statements about lifestyle is true a. most americans have a healthy lifestyle b. there may be relationship between health and lifestyle but no one knows what it is c. lifestyle and health are unrelated d. lifestyle is vitally important to health
answer
d. lifestyle is vitally important to health
question
what is a key reason for taking steps toward preventing disease? a. people cannot afford it b. one does not live longer by preventing disease c. preventions demands work d. prevention is to easy
answer
c. preventions demands work
question
Abdul knew that half his patients would not have so many health problems if they were not so fat. some patients would listen to his suggestions for eating healthier, exercising, topping smoking, moderating alcohol, and loosing weight. most patients seemed to want to leave Abdul's office with an a. intention to turn over a new leaf starting immediately b. prescription to treat symptoms c. determination not to take pulls anymore d. new understanding of what they could do to improve their health without a doctor
answer
b. prescription to treat symptoms
question
which of the following statements about alternative medicine is true a. it is illegal b. alternative medicine is widely recognized by the medical establishment as just as effective as mainstream medicine c. it includes effective medical practices imported from Asian cultures d. alternative medicine is the same thing as traditional american medicine
answer
c. it includes effective medical practices imported from Asian cultures
question
the use of a smartphone for health care is an example of a. science fiction b. digital medicine c. alternative medicine d. a plan by the american medical association to render doctors obsolete
answer
b. digital medicine
question
what can we safely say about the future of medicine a. it will have no global inequities b. it will make today's practice of medicine look very old fashioned c. the future of medicine will in all likelihood be the same as its past d. it will be egalitarian
answer
b. it will make today's practice of medicine look very old fashioned
question
personalized medicine is expected to match treatments with a. the cheapest option available to insurance companies b. your DNA c. your income d. your projected lifestyle
answer
b. your DNA
question
nanobots are a. personal household assistants b. implanted smartphones c. illegal in most states d. tiny sensors placed in the bloodstream
answer
d. tiny sensors placed in the bloodstream
question
in studying health and illness one concern of sociologist is to a. analyze how lifestyle affects health b. define true illness c. define true health d. prove that health and culture are unrelated
answer
a. analyze how lifestyle affects health
question
the traditional model for __________ does not match the attributes of the sick role a. males b. children c. females d. functionalist perspective
answer
a. males
question
historically the first midwives were a. robots b. women c. men d. children
answer
b. women
question
an inequality that arises from the global stratification of medicine is a. eradication of disease in poorer but not river nations b. that everyone dies young in the least industrialized nations c. the use of midwives the world over d. the black market in human organs
answer
d. the black market in human organs
question
which of the following statements about disease is true a. heart disease and cancer placed lower amount causes of death in 1900 compared to today b. alzheimer's disease had always been on the top 10 causes of death c. heart disease and caner placed higher among causes of death in 1900 compared to today d. the leading cause of death is epidemiology
answer
a. heart disease and cancer placed lower amount causes of death in 1900 compared to today
question
the ______ perspective would stress how medicalizing human conditions is functional from the medical establishment a. functionalist b. revisionary c. symbolic interactionist d. conflict
answer
a. functionalist
question
the united states seems to have an _____ system of medical care a. five-tier b. just c. equitable d. two-tier
answer
d. two-tier
question
the medical term adverse events refers to a. natural catastrophes such as hurricane or floods b. the consequences of treatment by alternative medicine c. walking AtMs d. death by doctors and hospitals
answer
d. death by doctors and hospitals
question
active euthanasia refers to a. ending a patient's life by injecting a lethal drug b. ending a patients life by withholding life support c. using alternative medicine d. a practice that is illegal throughout the united states
answer
a. ending a patient's life by injecting a lethal drug
question
the money left over at the end of the year that was not used for medical coasts and is thereby added to profits is a feature of a. telemedicine b. health maintenance organizations (HMOs) c. retail health clinics d. diagnosis-related groups
answer
b. health maintenance organizations (HMOs)
question
which statement about obesity is true a.obesity increases the odds of diabetes, heart and kidney disease, and some types of cancer b. obesity is just somebody's arbitrary idea about how much we should weight c. obesity decreases the odds of diabetes, heart and kidney disease, and some types of cancer d. its incidence is declining rapidly
answer
a.obesity increases the odds of diabetes, heart and kidney disease, and some types of cancer
question
about what proportion of americans who die in motor vehicle accidents are dunk a. 33% b. 66% c. 20% d. 10%
answer
a. 33%
question
consuming which of the following is most likely to lead to a longer life? a. soft drinks b. cookies c. potato chips d. nuts
answer
d. nuts
question
which of the following might you be reasonable certain to see in the future practice of medicine a. elimination of malpractice suits b. an absence of new diseases c. social inequality in health care d. agreement about the extent that medical care should be an individual or governmental responsibility
answer
c. social inequality in health care
