question

_____ is the division of large numbers of people into layers according to their relative property, power, and prestige. a. social stratification b. bonded labor c. ideology d. caste system

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a. social stratification (think layering)

question

What is the difference between bonded labor and slavery? a. They are actually different terms for the same thing. b. Bonded labor is entered into voluntarily (or arranged by parents). c. Some people own other people in bonded labor. d. Slavery is entered into voluntarily.

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b. Bonded labor is entered into voluntarily

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_____ refers to beliefs about the way things ought to be that justify social arrangements. Social stratification Ideology Endogamy Apartheid

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Ideology

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A person's status is a lifelong condition determined by birth in social democracy bonded labor. a caste system. all forms of social stratification

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a caste system

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In endogamy, one marries within one's group. is forbidden to marry within one's group. has multiple wives. does not marry at all. I

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marries within one's group

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The system of separating racial-ethnic groups that was practiced in South Africa was called slavery. bonded labor. apartheid. the caste system, which was imported from India.

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apartheid

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In a class system, what is the main basis for social stratification? Sexual orientation Money Appearance Kindness

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money

question

The wealthiest 1% of adults worldwide own _____ of the Earth's wealth. 12% 29% 46% 88%

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46%

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Gender is a basis of social stratification for ______ society(ies) in the world. no a few many every

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every

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The tools, factories, land, and investment capital used to produce wealth make up the bourgeoisie. proletariat. means of production. class consciousness.

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means of production

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_____ Weber _____ Marx viewed property as significant in determining a person's standing in society. Neither; nor Both; and Not; but Notably; but not

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Both; and

question

Which of the following is most effective in maintaining society's stratification? Brute force Controlling people's ideas Control of food supplies Elites without limits

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Controlling people's ideas

question

To maintain their power, elites attempt to _____ information. freely distribute honestly convey shut off all control

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control

question

The terms that do not imply value judgments about some parts of the world while splitting it up into conceptual groups are First, Second, and Third Worlds. Most Industrialized, Industrializing, and Least Industrialized. Best, Better, and Worst. Developed, Developing, and Primitive.

answer

Most industrialized, industrializing, and least ind.

question

The _____ richest people in the world own as much of the world's wealth as the bottom half of the whole world's population. 700 422 153 85

answer

85

question

Which category of nations has the most land? Most Industrialized Nations Industrializing Nations Least Industrialized Nations Most Populous Nations

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Least industrialized nation

question

The United States, Canada, Great Britain, France, Japan, Australia, and other countries make up the Most Industrialized Nations. Industrializing Nations. Least Industrialized Nations. League of Nations.

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most industrialized nations

question

In the Least Industrialized Nations, _____ people are poor. none some most all

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most

question

_____ assumes that the values and behaviors of the poor make them fundamentally different from other people. Colonialism The culture of poverty Neocolonialism World system theory

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The culture of poverty

question

Global domination remains in the hands of the East. may be on the verge of a major shift from West to East. is shared democratically by the East and the West. may be on the verge of a major shift from East to West.

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may be on the verge of a major shift from West to East.

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When workers identified with the interests of capitalists, Marx called it _____ class consciousness. false misguided optimistic budding

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false

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The divine right of kings asserts that the king's or queen's authority comes from his or her forbears. God. the people. his or her superior ability.

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God

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_____, according to Weber, is (are) a large group of people who rank close to one another in property, power, and prestige. Status consistency Social class The proletariat Capitalists

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social class

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_____ is the ability to carry out your will, even over the resistance of others. Social class Status Power Prestige

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Power

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_____ is respect or regard. Status consistency Power Prestige Status inconsistency

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Prestige

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Status consistency refers to day-to-day stability. ranking high or low on at least two dimensions of social class. ranking high or low on all three dimensions of social class. lateral mobility.

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ranking high or low on all three dimensions of social class.

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Marx's model of the social classes included managers workers petty bourgeoisie royalty

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workers

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The class most shaped by education is the _____ class. upper middle lower middle working upper

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upper middle

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Members of the _____ tend to think of themselves as having "real jobs" and regard the "suits" above them as paper pushers. underclass working poor working class upper middle class

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working class

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Homeless people are part of the working poor. working class. underclass. lower middle class.

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underclass

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As you go down the social-class ladder, what happens to your mental health? It improves. It stays the same. There is no change. It worsens.

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it worsens

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When it comes to child rearing, lower-class parents tend to focus more on developing their children's creative skills. encouraging their children to question authority. getting their children to follow rules and obey authority. developing their children's leadership skills.

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c. getting their children to follow rules or obey authority

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When it comes to religion, the lower classes tend to be attracted to more subdued worship. more expressive worship services and louder music. the Episcopalian denomination. the nearest church.

answer

b.

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Which statement is true about people toward the bottom of the class structure They are more likely to be politically active. On economic issues, they are conservative. They are less likely to be politically active. They walk the same political paths as the rich.

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c

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_____ refers to the change that family members make in social class from one generation to the next. Structural mobility Exchange mobility Intergenerational mobility Anomie

answer

intergenerational mobility

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In Mexico, Javier was a physician. Javier emigrated to the United States and ended up working as a carpenter (which had been his hobby in Mexico). Javier experienced _____ mobility. downward social upward social intergenerational exchange

answer

downward social

question

What proportion of all African American adults works at white-collar jobs One-fourth More than one-half Two-thirds More than three-fourths

answer

more than half

question

The official measure of poverty of the U.S. government is called the poverty line. kept secret. five times a low-cost food budget. nine times a low-cost food budget.

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called the poverty line

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Which statement about poverty is true? Poverty is unusual. Most poor people are poor because they do not want to work More children than adults are poor. There is more poverty in urban than in rural areas.

answer

more children than adults are poor

question

The reason why families headed by a mother, rather than by a mother and father or a father alone, are more likely to be poor is because two-parent families are more stable. women average only 72% of what men earn. women have less education. women are less inclined to work if they have children.

answer

b women average only 72% of what men earn

question

Going without something in the present in the hope of achieving greater gains in the future is called the geography of poverty. deprivation deferred gratification. immediate gratification.

answer

deferred gratification

question

___ refers to a group whose inherited physical characteristics distinguish it from other groups. ethnicity race minority group dominant group

answer

race

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The annihilation or attempted annihilation of a people because of their presumed race or ethnicity is known as genocide racial superiority racial purification ethnic work.

answer

genocide

question

The difference between ethnicity and race is that ethnicity refers to _____ characteristics, and race to _____ characteristics, distinguishing one group of people from another. cultural; inherited physical inherited physical; cultural dominant group; minority group minority group; dominant group

answer

cultural; inherited physical

question

_____ is an act of unfair treatment directed against an individual or a group. Racism Contact theory Discrimination Prejudice

answer

discrimination

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Ezekiel's research (1995) found that Ku Klux Klan and neo-Nazi leaders believed that race represents the essence of a person. exists only in the mind. is superficial, because all people are the same in the eyes of God. is not a rigid category.

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represents the essence of a person

question

_____ mortgage applicants are most frequently offered subprime loans, which charge the highest interest. White African American Wallonian Latino

answer

b

question

In unintentional discrimination, the discrimination is deliberate. the discrimination is written into law. no one is aware of it. health care is one area that is exempt.

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c

question

Symbolic interactionists focus on the role of _____ in affecting perception and creating prejudice. the authoritarian personality labels history conflict

answer

labels

question

The United States government's relocation of Native Americans to reservations is an example of direct population transfer. friendship indirect population transfer. assimilation.

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a. dpt

question

orcible expulsion and genocide are types of internal colonialism. segregation. assimilation. ethnic cleansing.

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d. ec

question

_____ permits—or encourages—ethnic differences. Functionalism Ethnic cleansing Multiculturalism Compartmentalizati

answer

multiculturalism

question

WASP stands for Women Against Sexual Predestination. White Anglo-Saxon Protestant. War Against Special Populations. White And Selected Populations

answer

b. white anglo

question

Among Americans of European descent, the largest group comes from Germany England Italy Norway

answer

a. germany

question

There is a disagreement among sociologists on whether _____ or race is (are) more important in determining the life chances of African Americans. history ethnicity white ethnics social class

answer

d. social class

question

The concern in some quarters that too many immigrants will change the character of the United States is new to the last two decades. causing immigration to taper to a trickle. age-old. confined to California.

answer

c. age old

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