Sociology 201 – Review Chapter 5 – Groups and Organizations – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
social group
answer
two or more people who identify with and interact with each other
question
primary group
answer
a small social group whose members share personal and lasting relationships
question
secondary group
answer
a large and impersonal social group whose members pursue a specific goal or activity
question
expressive leadership
answer
group leadership that focuses on the group's well-being
question
instrumental leadership
answer
group leadership that focuses on the completion of tasks
question
groupthink
answer
the tendency of group members to conform, resulting in an narrow view of some issue
question
reference group
answer
a social group that serves as a point of reference in making evaluations and decisions
question
in-group
answer
a social group toward which a member feels respect and loyalty
question
out-group
answer
a social group toward which a person feels a sense of competition or opposition
question
dyad
answer
a social group with two members
question
triad
answer
a social group with three members
question
network
answer
a web of weak social ties
question
formal organizations
answer
large secondary groups organized to achieve their goals efficiently.
question
utilitarian organizations
answer
pay people for their efforts (examples include businesses or government agencies).
question
normative organizations
answer
have goals people consider worthwhile (examples include voluntary associations such as the PTA).
question
coercive organizations
answer
are organizations people are forced to join (examples include prisons and mental hospitals).
question
organizational environment
answer
factors outside an organization that affect its operation; All formal organizations operate in an ______ _______ that is influenced by technology, political and economic trends, current events, population patterns, and other organizations.
question
tradition
answer
values and beliefs passed from generation to generation
question
rationality
answer
a way of thinking that emphasizes deliberate, matter-of-fact calculation of the most efficient way to accomplish a particular task
question
rationalization of society
answer
Weber's term for the historical change from tradition to rationality as the main type of human thought
question
social network
answer
...
question
bureaucracy
answer
an organizational model designed to perform tasks efficiently; seen by Max Weber as the dominant type of organization; is based on specialization, hierarchy of offices, rules and regulations, technical competence, impersonality, formal, written communications.
question
problems of bureaucracy
answer
-bureaucratic alienation -bureaucratic inefficiency and ritualism -bureaucratic inertia -oligarchy
question
the evolution of formal organizations
answer
conventional bureaucracy; more open, flexible organizations; and the changing nature of work are all examples of
question
bureaucratic ritualism
answer
a focus on rules and regulations to the point of undermining an organization's goal
question
bureaucratic inertia
answer
the tendency of bureaucratic organizations to perpetuate themselves.
question
oligarchy
answer
the rule of the many by the few
question
scientific management
answer
the application of scientific principles to the operation of a business or other large organization
