Sociology 1301 test 1
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People belong to _____ to satisfy personal needs of belonging and fulfillment, while they belong to _____ to achieve some specific goal.
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primary groups, secondary groups
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The _____ refers to when social actors are engaged in a process of impression management through the use of props, costumes, gestures, and language, while the _____ is when actors let down their masks and practice their impression management.
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front stage, back stage
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An _____ perspective reflects the standpoint of an outside observer, while an _____ perspective reflects that of an insider.
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etic, emic
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Which of the following best represents the idea of cultural relativism?
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The freedom of religion clause in the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution
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The way class status is reproduced from generation to generation is referred to as
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Social class reproduction
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A group consisting of three people is referred to as
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Triad
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_____ established the first rules for conducting sociological research and examined the impact of modern society on social solidarity.
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Émile Durkheim
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The simplest group, consisting of two persons, is referred to as
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Dyad
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Which of the following is not considered a characteristic of sociology?
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Strict, highly specific rules and guidelines about how to theorize about any particular topic
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The worldview whereby we judge other cultures by the standards of our own is referred to as
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Ethnocentrism
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\"Poverty exists because someone has to be on bottom. That's just the way life is.\" This statement reflects _____ beliefs.
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doxic
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The scientific study of human social relationships, groups, and societies is known as
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Sociology
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Which of the following is not characteristic of anomie?
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It is more common in demographically homogenous areas than in demographically heterogeneous areas.
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According to sociologists, women are _____ and _____ conversations, while men are _____ and _____.
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more polite, are interrupted during; louder, sarcastic
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_____ believed that nearly all known societies are characterized by some system of division by economic class, which results in conflict as classes compete for wealth, power, and resources.
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Karl Marx
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The ability to grasp the relationship between individual lives and the larger social forces that shape them is referred to as
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Sociological imagination
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The body of commonsense knowledge and procedures by which ordinary members of a society make sense of their social circumstances and interactions is referred to as
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Ethnomethodology
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Large, impersonal groups with minimal emotional and intimate ties are referred to as
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Secondary groups
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Which of the following would be the best example of structure, according to the text?
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Multiple states passing legislation that legalizes same-sex marriage
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What is meant by the \"looking-glass self\"?
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We evaluate ourselves based on how we think we appear to others
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Groups characterized by intense emotional ties, intimacy, and identification with membership in the group are referred to as
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Primary groups
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Accepted social behaviors and beliefs are referred to as
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Norms
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_____ is considered the first female sociologist and argued that injustices such as slavery and women's inequality stunted a society's moral development.
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Harriet Martineau
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The ability of individuals and groups to exercise free will and to make social change is referred to as
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Agency
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Patterned social arrangements that have an enabling or constraining effect on agency are referred to as
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Structure
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_____ founded and named sociology as a discipline, pushing for a positivist society in which knowledge would be based on scientific reasoning and facts.
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Auguste Comte
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Which of the following does not represent an alliance or coalition?
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Ron leaves Dominic and Tammy to finish the rest of a project without him.
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Which of the following would not be considered an example of using the sociological imagination?
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Assuming that a personal anecdote is indisputable evidence of a widespread phenomenon
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The ability to evaluate claims about truth by using reason and evidence is referred to as
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Critical thinking
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Which of the following would not be considered a social science?
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Urban planning
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Which of the following would not be considered a primary group?
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A person with a Twitter account and 2,000 followers
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Which of the following is not true of early founders of sociological thought?
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They rejected scientific reasoning and logic
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Which of the following examples illustrates a conversational breakdown?
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Dater 1: \"So where did you grow up?\" Dater 2: \"Oh, I went to college at Green State University.\"
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The idea that economic, political, and other forms of human behavior are fundamentally shaped by social relationships is referred to as
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Social embeddedness
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Which of the following would not be considered counterculture?
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Federal laws and guidelines
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Conversation analysis can be defined as
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An investigation into the way people recognize and produce coherent conversation
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Which of the following is not characteristic of a sociological understanding of conversation?
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Larger social structures, such as gender and class, have no real influence.
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The worldview whereby we understand the practices of another society sociologically, in terms of that society's own norms and values and not our own, is referred to as
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Cultural relativism
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Participating in a family movie night would be considered a(n) _____ group interaction, while attending a school field trip to a local theater would be considered a(n) _____ group interaction.
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primary, secondary
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The entertainment, culinary, and athletic tastes shared by the masses is referred to as
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Popular culture
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of critical thinking?
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Telling a woman or person of color that his or her opinions are invalid because of personal bias
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Music, theater, literature, and other cultural products that are held in particularly high esteem in society are referred to as
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High culture
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Which of the following would be considered a violation of \"normal\" social interaction in the United States?
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Refusing to shake a new acquaintance's hand when it is offered
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The study of social interaction as if it were governed by the norms of theatrical performance is referred to as
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Dramaturgical approach
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Which of the following is not characteristic of Goffman's theory of the presentation of self?
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The use of dress, objects, and tone are not considered instrumental to the process
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Which of the following is an example of a secondary group?
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A college basketball team
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