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Individualism

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As it relates to social welfare, the belief that we are all masters of our own fate and should take responsibility for our own well-being/success without assistance or interference from government or society at large.

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Collectivism

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As is relates to social welfare, the belief that we have a duty to take care of each other, including providing for each other's basic needs, as that will only strengthen us as a society.

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Relative approach

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Defining a poverty-level income as one that is substantially below the median income of that population.

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Poverty line

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The income level below which one would be considered poor.

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Absolute approach

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Defining a poverty-level income as anything below a specific yearly amount determined by the size of one's family.

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Market basket concept

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A method used to calculate a family's subsistence level of income by tripling the cost of a frugal food budget for a family of a given size.

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Poverty gap

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The difference between the poverty line and the average income of a family in poverty.

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Income

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The amount of money taken in by an individual or household, typically measured per year for statistical purposes.

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Wealth

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The worth of all possessions (money, real estate, stocks and bonds, etc.) one already owns.

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Social mobility

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The ability of people to move into different economic classes; often discussed only in terms of one's ability to move upward into a higher social economic class (I.e., upward mobility).

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Meritocracy

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A system in which the most skilled, intelligent, hardest-working people are rewarded.

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Social Security

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The common name for OASDI (Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance), a program enacted under the Social Security Act in 1935 which pays an economic benefit to retired workers (and in some cases, families of workers who have retired, sustained a disability, or died).

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Homelessness

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The state of being without a legal residence, often resulting in individuals and families living in shelters or places unfit for human habitation like vehicles, abandoned buildings, alleys, or parks.

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Supplemental Security Income (SSI)

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A federally funded public assistance program that provides monetary benefits to low-income people who are aged, are blind, and/or have a disability.

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General Assistance (GA)

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A state and local public assistance program funded by local tax revenues for individuals who do not qualify for federal public assistance programs.

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Medicaid

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A federally funded public assistance program that provides medical coverage to low-income people.

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Medicare

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A social insurance program that provides medical coverage to most elderly Americans and certain Americans with disabilities.

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Housing Choice Voucher Program

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The major program providing housing assistance to low-income citizens (often called Section 8, in reference to Section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937).

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Project-based voucher

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A type of voucher available under the Housing Choice Voucher Program that allows recipients to move into a public housing unit and covers a portion of their monthly rent.

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Tenant-based voucher

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A type of voucher available under the Housing Choice Voucher Program that allows recipients to move into a public housing residence and covers the majority of their rent costs.

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Housing authority

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The local agency responsible for administering public housing and Housing Choice Voucher Program benefits.

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Total tenant payment (TTP)

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The portion of rent for which a tenant is responsible each month under the Housing Choice Voucher Program; it differs from recipient to recipient.

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Supplement Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)

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A federally funded public assistance program that provides low-income individuals and families with funds that can be used to purchase food. Formerly known as \"Food Stamps.\"

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EBT (Electronic Benefits Transfer)

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A debit card given to some recipients of public assistance in order to access their benefits. SNAP benefits, for example, are paid to merchants via EBT. Contrary to some misconceptions, EBT is not a specific welfare program, but instead a manner of payment.

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Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC)

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A public assistance program, initially founded in 1935 as part of the Social Security Act, aimed at providing financial assistance to low-income parents with children under 18 years of age living at home.

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Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)

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The public assistance program that replaced AFDC in 1994 under the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, reducing the length of time a family could receive benefits and requiring most recipients to work.

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Social Security Disability Income (SSDI)

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A federally funded social insurance program for people who have suffered disabilities after having worked long enough to qualify for Social Security benefits.

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Dependency ratio

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The number of workers paying into Social Security per individual receiving Social Security benefits.

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Unemployment Insurance (UI)

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A social insurance program aimed at providing temporary financial assistance to people who have recently lost their jobs through no fault of their own and are currently looking for new work.

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Worker's Compensation

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A social insurance program aimed at providing financial assistance to individuals who have been injured or contracted a disease at work.

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Causes of Poverty

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1) Decrease in breadwinner's income 2) Divorce 3) Loss of 2nd job 4) Moving out on own

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At Risk Populations

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1) Racial minority 2) Single parent families 3) Less education 4) Women 5) Children 6) Elderly 7) LGBTQ+ 8) Disabilities

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Impacts of Poverty

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1) Homelessness 2) Mental & physical health 3) Education

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Culture of Poverty

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1) Social isolation 2) Rejection of dominant class 3) Instant gratification

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Functions of Poverty

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1) Purchase low-quality goods 2) Makes social mobility possible 3) Create jobs 4) Opportunity to \"give back\" 5) Examples of deviance 6) Create artforms 7) Military 8) Absorb the costs of change

Social Work Chp 9

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