Social work ch 4 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
What are 3 ways to form a family?
answer
1. Biologically 2.Legally 3.Socially
question
Biologically
answer
people who are blood related and are genetically bound to each other, however distantly Ex. parents, children, aunts, uncles, second cousins, grandparents, and great grandparents
question
Legally
answer
by marriage, adoption, or formalized fostering
question
Socially
answer
social interaction, when there is no biological or legal relationship. Sometimes neighbors, godparents, or longtime friends are considered "family" -called "fictive kin" or chosen family
question
What are 3 ways to form a family? Sharpe family
answer
Vivan sharpe clearly thinks of her godparents of either the opposite sex or same sex. Bobby, Vivian, Marcie, and Caleb as they prepare for Bobby's deployment. Also, Vivans mother now that she lives in the household
question
Monogramy
answer
partnering with one spouse at a time, is the legal way to start a biological family.
question
Polygamy
answer
75% of worlds societies prefer of having more than one spouse at a time
question
trends in marriage
answer
Marriage:declined
question
trends in birthrates
answer
birthrates: declined
question
trends in divorce & remarriage
answer
creating complex remarried families
question
trends in people living alone
answer
more adults
question
trends in Dual-earner families
answer
- increase as women increased their involvement in paid labor -26% of women in dual-earner couples had annual earnings that were at least 10% higher than the earnings of their spouses/partners
question
Gender roles
answer
-1/3 workers were women -employers typically paid women less than men with the same job
question
Gender roles: females
answer
-half as likely as males to go to college -sugery- often had to secure the signed consent from husbands or fathers -increasingly the sole support of families -Higher insurance rates
question
Gender roles: African American Women
answer
always been in the paid labor force often working more than one job-- applied flexibility to manage work and family demands
question
Psychodynamic theoretical perspectives
answer
- thinking about families are a mix of ideas from psychodynamic and social systems perspectives --unresolved problems continue to be acted out in our relationship & are passed on from generation and inter generational relationships problems must be resolved to improve current problems *Murry Bowen's concept -2 Differentiation of self
question
Murry Bowen's concept -Difference between thinking and feeling
answer
Family must recognize and own their feeling. Also think about and plan their lives for emotional times the require clear thinking. Family problems are based on families emotional reactivity to each other.
question
Murry Bowen's concept-Differentiation between the self and other members of the family
answer
recognizing their interdependence with other family members. Should follow their own beliefs rather than make decisions based on reactivity to cues of others or need to win approval. Without attacking others or defending themselves. Clear sense of self allowed them to achieve some independence while staying connected to other family members.
question
psychodynamic- Triangulation
answer
-occurs when two family members inappropriately involve another family member to reduce anxiety in the dyadic relationship. -may be an addiction, over involvement in work, or extramarital affair
question
Psychodynamic- Genogram
answer
-visual representation of a familys composition ans structure to get a picture of the multigenerational familys patterns of relationships
question
Family System perspective
answer
- family as a social system - focus on relationships within the family rather than on individual family members --All parts of the family system are interconnected - (when one changes occur for one all are affected) --structures and roles for accomplishing tasks commonly shared beliefs and rule and nonverbal and verbal communication plans
question
Family system -Sharpe family
answer
Sharpe-Bobby's deployment as well as that of his sister, and his grandmothers stroke, affect the entire extended Kinship system
question
Family system boundaries
answer
-develop boundaries that delineate who is in the family at any given time Sharpe- boundaries have shifted over time to cope with stessors of various kinds
question
Family System Subsystems
answer
-families have subsystems such as parental subsystems or parent child subsystems
question
Family system: multilevel family practice model (broad)
answer
-Social workers theoretical framework to include the larger system in which the family system is embedded (economic, political & cultural factors) ex. Neighborhood, the local community, the state, the nation and current global socioeconomic system
question
Family system: multilevel family practice model - sharpe family
answer
family is affected by terrorism and war the global economic meltdown and health and social welfare policies related to elder care and children with disabilities
question
Family life cycle perspective
answer
-the concept of family system to look at families over time -seen as mltigenerational systems moving through time, composed of people who have a shared history & a shared future -influenced by cultural and historical factors in which they live
question
Family life cycle perspective- transition point
answer
-go through transitions as they move along the life cycle (boundaries shift, rules, roles are constantly redefined) -transitions in family life stage or in family composition are particularly stressful for families (especially history of trauma or disruption)
question
Family life cycle perspective- 6 stages
answer
1.single young adults 2.new couples 3.families with young children 4.families with adolescents 5.families launching children 6. moving on 7.families in later life
question
Family life cycle perspective- Sharpe family
answer
bobby and vivan nuclear family will soon become a family with an adolescent and will need to open the family boundaries to allow for marcie's growing relationships with peers. They are a family with young children and need to focus inward to ensure adequate care for two young children including one with special care. Must cope with stressful transition of Bobby's deployment & Vivans work responsibilities.
question
Feminist perspective
answer
-families should not be studied as whole systems with the lens on the family level, because such attention results in failure to attend to patterns of dominance, subjugation & oppression in families -dominance in major social institutions are tied to gender -gender is the primary characteristic on which power is distributed and misused in the family
question
Feminist perspective facts
answer
-women are considered primary caregivers -Sex: biologically determined -Gender: Socially constructed & learned from culture -Also, race, ethnicity, social class, sexuality, age, religion, nationality, status
question
Feminist perspective Sharpe family
answer
African American families- relatively egalitarian approaches to enacting gender roles they live in a world that gives men more power than women and are influenced by that bias. -Bobby & Vivian have nieces & nephews whose fathers have taken no responsibility for their children leaving the mothers to take full responsibility for their economic & emotional well-being -Bobby's sister does not consider herself a feminist but she is amount many women who are taking advantage of career opportunities in military
question
Feminist perspective -intersectionality
answer
-challenge the idea that gender is a monolithic category -sexuality, religion, disability age, nationality -experience privilege based on a different attribute -consequences for women of colonialism and capitalism
question
Intersectionality- Sharpe
answer
Bobby's sister receiving emails about her learning and and experiences & life changes have been from other women in her unit. Also the sexual harassment and violence in the military -Bobby has been able to build a middle-class life that has given him some class privilege compared to poor African American families. Carries male privilege, heterosexual privilege, age privilege, Christian privilege.
question
Family stress & coping perspective
answer
-entire family unit -theoretical foundation - ABCX model of family & stress -Internal & external resources available and the meaning the family makes of the situation -Basis for examining family stress & coping (can be beneficial to strengthen coping process)
question
ABCX model of family & stress & coping
answer
-research on war-induced separation & reunion A=understanding whether an event in the family system B= understand family's resources C= family's definitions about the event X= crisis (impact of stressors on the family)
question
2 types of stressors - family stress
answer
1.Normative stressors 2.Non-normative stressors
question
1.Normative stressors - family stress
answer
typical family life cycle transitions Ex. birth of a child
question
2.Non-normative stressors- family stress
answer
catastrophic events -drain the family's resources & feeling overwhelmed or exhausted. Ex. Natural disasters, medical trauma, drug use, unemployment, family violence
question
Disequilibrium & 3 possible outcomes- family stressors
answer
1. Recovery- to the family s previous function 2.Maldaption- permanent deterioration in the family's functioning 3.Bonadaptation- improvement in the family's functioning over & above the previous level.
question
Family stress- Sharpe family
answer
Vivian & Marcie Sharpe often talk about how their relationship was strengthen by the way they pulled together during Bobby's earlier deployment recent pile up of stressors for the family. Need number of resources in the coming year to allow for continued healthy individual & family functioning.
question
Stress pileup
answer
series of crises may deplete the family's resources & expose the family to increasing risk of very negative outcomes (divorce, violence)
question
Family Resilience perspective
answer
-family stress & coping perspective by seeking to identify & strengthen processes that allow families to bear up and rebound from distressing life experiences. -repair and growth --rebound from adversity strengthened and more resourceful "bouncing forward" -Family face adversity - both suffering and courage -No blame for family
question
Family resilience 3 dimensions
answer
1. Family Belief system 2.Organizational patterns 3.Communication process
question
family resilience- 1. Family Belief system
answer
families view problems & possibilities to cope with challenges. Make meaning of adversity by viewing it as shared challenges. shared condience and overcome challenge. shared hope by taking initiative persevering. see their situation meaningful & imagine future possibilities.
question
Family resilience- 2.Organizational patterns
answer
Patterns that serve shock absorbers. Maintain flexibility in family structure & make changes in roles and rules to respond to demands. hold onto some rituals & routines to provide stability & continuity. Strong family leaders provide burturance & protection to children. Mutual support while honoring differences. Mobilize extended Kin & community resources.
question
family resilience 3.Communication process-
answer
Good communication. Send clear messages. Wide range of feelings & show mutual empathy & tolerance for differences. Humor to lighten situations. Collaborative problem solving.
question
family resilience- Sharpe family
answer
Sharpe- Vivian, her sister and mother could benefit from open communication about struggles after Vivan's father was killed in Vietnam. Never been able to talk about this & may well play a role in Vivians sisters clinical depression & mothers sadness.
question
Genogram
answer
-visual representation of a familys composition ans structure to get a picture of the multigenerational familys patterns of relationships Sharpe- Multigenerational genogram
question
Ecomap
answer
circles, lines, arrows to show families relationships and the strength and directional flow of energy and resources to and from the family. -identify external sources of stress, conflict and social support
question
Ecomap- Sharpe family
answer
Sharpe- connected to large social systems -Bobby & Vivian nuclear family has both external stressors & external resources.
question
Diversity in Family of origin
answer
family into which we were born and or in which we were raised
question
Diversity in Nuclear families
answer
Urban areas -two parents and their biological or adopted offspring -at least one parent and one child -Lone-parent families and same sex families -preferred model throughout US -Idealized - father in the labor force and a stay at home mother.
question
Diversity in Extended families
answer
rural families -family lives along with other relatives (grandparents, adult siblings, aunts, uncles, cousins) -Mexican American & some Asian Americans & Pacific Islanders -may not reside together but they involved with each other in ongoing emotional and economic action - they stay connected
question
Extended family - Sharpe family
answer
Vivan sharpe has expectations that her extended Kinship system will have a postive influence on Marcies values and behaviors as she grows into an adolescent.
question
Diversity in Cohabiting Heterosexual couples
answer
-living together without marriage - family form -50% before age 45 in US -frequent among adults 20-34 -more likely to divorce than non-cohabiting couples -Men spend more time at work & roles less common
question
Diversity in Couples with no children
answer
-wealthy nations of married couples with no kids -couples may be temporary or permanently childless -Permanently childless may be voluntary or involuntary -little attention to childless men or to the childless couple system -More egalitarian views on family relationships than who were parents
question
Diversity white couple with no children
answer
tended to be employed full time & highest incomes & were non-religious
question
Diversity couples no children - Sharpe family
answer
Vivan's godparents have adjusted to involuntary childlessness and they draw great pleasure from being a part of the lively extended kin network in which vivan and bobby are embedded
question
Diversity in Lone-parent families
answer
-composed of one parent and at least one child residing in the same household, either a divorced or an unmarried parent -Increase in all wealthy industrialized nations -1/3 of children like with only one parent (82% with mom & 18% with father)
question
Single moms
answer
-playing dual roles of mother and worker with no partner assistance -lower earnings -irregular paternal support -divorce - children must cope with grief and loss -relocate -poverty rates for single parent are 54%
question
Diversity in Stepfamilies - common family form
answer
-result from one parent dying and the other parent remarrying. Today most families formed after biological parents divorce or dissolve their relationships and go on to form new romantic partnerships (10-20% of children) -negotiate rules, roles and rituals (chores and bedtime)
question
Diversity in Same sex parents
answer
-defense of marriage act: marriage as a legal union between one man and one women (not required to recognize same sex marriages, federal government will not acknowledge same sex marriages - part of a complex multigenerational family system with family of origin, multigenerational community & family choice that consists of friends, partners and kids.
question
Same Sex Characteristics
answer
-share same characteristics as heterosexual couples (sex, $, household taks) -more support from friends than family -become parents before coming out -Lesbian - artificial insemination Gays - surrogate mother -Child may be harassed and parents may not be accepted
question
Diversity in Military families
answer
Active duty Reservists
question
Active duty
answer
Army, Navy, Marines, air force -live on or near military installations -cope well with separations
question
Reservists
answer
national guard or air national guard -12-15 months (training) -live in civilian community -not as prepared to deployment
question
Military families Sharpe
answer
Bobby was able to have infrequent contact with family and his sister was able to be in regular email communication. -Bobby didn't know furnace was broke -Marcie heard stories about parents changing
question
Economic Diversity
answer
-inequality exists in all societies -job cutbacks, home foreclosure, high debt -financial insecurity
question
Economic stress model
answer
economic hardship leads to economic pressure, which leads to parent distress>disrupted families> to child adjustment problems -unemployment, low income, high debt -children have higher levels of anxiety more aggressive low self esteem and do poor in school (stomach, headaches, loss of appetite)
question
Family investment model
answer
economic advantages affects family life and child outcomes -greater economic advantages affects family life and child outcomes -afford investments for development
question
Social workers develop a culturally sensitive practice
answer
-Group history prior to US -Group experience with immigration in US -Group experience with oppression, discrimination, bias & prejudice -Group relationship to country of origin -Group relationship to country of residence -groups worldview & beliefs -groups variations and differences within the group - related to social class - Generational issues about acculturation
question
reasons immigrant families come to the U.S
answer
-Better job pay, join family already here, fleeing political violence, environmental distress
question
Challenges to family life
answer
most common is sibling abuse -elder abuse - abused by caregiver - child - removed from home - suffering from separation and loss and blaming themselves -Domestic - mutual fighting less severe intimate terrorism
question
Challenges to Divorce
answer
Very Common -highest among low income families -leads to adjustment and mental health problems for children -Children are resilient and adjust well to divorce -parents- pain, unhappy, distress -post divorce - greater influence on adjustment to divorce
question
Divorce African Americans
answer
less likely to marry and more likely to
question
Divorce Whites
answer
higher than African American
question
Challenges to Substance abuse
answer
-serious & persistent problems (affect on whole family) -intimate partner violence -strong use after divorce -adolescence - changing discipline methods - increase parental stress -child becomes caregiver -African American families with alcohol abusing parents score better on family function
question
Small group
answer
-defined as collections of individuals who interact with each other. Perceive themselves as belonging to a group are interdependent & join together to accomplish a goal or fulfill a need through joint association are are influenced by a set of rules and norms
question
therapy groups
answer
-Main purpose: Uses group modality to assist individuals to resolve emotional & behavioral problems - trained clinician or psychotherapist -Small, 6 or less - 6 weeks or less. Long term groups last years. - groups for college students or male adolescents who engage in sexual harm
question
Mutual aid *Terry's group
answer
-Main purpose: create a helping environment within the group milieu - professional or lay person, trained to lead a group. May or may not have experienced the issue - less than 5 persons or 12 or more - number of year with members coming in and out. Time-limited group (4-12weeks) -Cancer survivors, School for kids who parents are going through divorce
question
Psycho-educational
answer
-Main purpose: provision of information of experience or problem - trained professional who is knowledgeable - limiting group size is usually not as critical because of their purpose -regular schedule meetings in sessions(4 weeks) or as need basis -preparing to adopt a child-- how to use adaptive equipment for children w/ disabilities
question
Self-help groups
answer
-Main purpose: Commonality of the problem or issue to build social support - layperson who has experience with the problem - Drop in basis - size in not limited -drop in basis - may be offered in a time limited format -12 step groups (AA, ACOA, NA)
question
Task groups
answer
-Main purpose: Accomplish a specific task or advocate around particular social issue or problem - leaders may be appointed or elected - limited in size membership may be larger when advocating - meet til task is accomplished -examine low income housing needs to submit report of their findings to city council
question
Groups use technology
answer
-Telephone technology -Computer technology
question
Telephone technology
answer
-transportation challenges - people with disabilities, people with financial limitations who cant afford to travel
question
Computer technology
answer
-support groups, chat rooms, news groups, videoconferencing, discussion forums -internet use among people with disabilities
question
formed group
answer
defined purpose and come about through the efforts of outsiders such as agency (colleges classes, PTA, choirs)
question
Natural group
answer
spontaneous manner. friendship, location, or naturally occur events without an external initiative & members come together (peer groups, street gangs, patients who have befriended each other in a psychiatric hospital) -last a lifetime
question
time-limited groups
answer
set time for termination (hours, months, years)
question
on-going
answer
has no defined endpoint
question
Open groups
answer
permit the addition of new members through out the groups life
question
Closed group
answer
minimum or maximum size of group is determined in advance, before group begins or as its being formed. Can open up at some point. *Terry's group is FORMED, OPEN, and ONGOING.
question
Inclusion
answer
Terry's support group was inclusive because anyone could join it.
question
Exclusive
answer
Terry's former heterosexual couple friends were an exclusive group. Not many new people were let in the circle of friends.
question
Heterogeneity
answer
- differences among individuals -Better for support
question
Homogeneity
answer
things that are the same -non beneficial -better for group work (longterm) -Terry's group (gender & sexual orientation)
question
Group cohesiveness
answer
group identity, commitment, and sense of belonging. Higher rates of group attendance, participation, and group support. -Sometimes argue -dynamic- changes thought out life of group
question
Psychodynamic practice
answer
focuses on the relationship between the emotional unconscious process and the rational processes of interpersonal interaction. -important to therapy groups (focus on emotional processes)
question
Psychodynamic practice -3 assumptions
answer
1. emotional, unconscious process always present in every group-defined 2. emotional, unconscious process affect quality of interpersonal communication taks accomplishment 3. group effectiveness depends on bringing emotional unconscious process awareness
question
Symbolic interaction
answer
humans are symbol-using creatures. Make meaning of the world by interacting with others through symbols - words, gestures, and objects. Influenced by the environment. -groups are symbols to share stories and rituals to provide identity and struggle ex. Lighting candles symbolized bringing awareness the inner strength and healing power
question
Status characteristics and expectation states theory
answer
the influence and participation of group members during initial interactions are related to their status and to expectations others hold about their ability to help the group accomplish tasks
question
Exchange theory
answer
social power is what determines who gets valued resources in groups and whether those resources are perceived as being distributed in a just manner. Conflicts revolve around power issues among members. ex. Person in the group and crisis asks for more time
question
Self Categorization
answer
The process of seeing oneself as a member of a social group "in" groups (those to which we belong) and "out" groups (those to which we do not belong). ex. Katie is a member of a church and is homosexual and she found someone like her that helped her feel at home and like she belong
question
Formal leaders
answer
appointed or elected to lead the group.
question
Informal leaders
answer
Members who gain power because they are liked and respected by the group. emerge in groups where no formal leader exists.
question
Formal/informal leadership
answer
leadership roles within group variety of other roles. Fill a purpose for the group as whole and fulfill members needs. -group clown-clown for other areas of life -scapegoat- remind members of parts of themselves that they deny of which they are fearful -rescuer- defends anyone in group who is uncomfortable or is attacked -peacemaker-reducing conflict and anxiety -are not rigid and fixed. They provide give and take.
question
Communication Networks
answer
links among members - who talks to whom, how info is transmitted, whether communication between members is direct or go-between. -Socio-grams -centralize networks- simple problems & more efficient -decentralize- more effective if group is attempting to solve more complex problems -groups meet face to face or over telephone
question
Interdisciplinary teams
answer
professionals representing a variety of disciplines, and they may include consumers or clients. Ex- medical teams, geriatric teams.
question
Social workers role
answer
advocating for clients and providing assessments for clients.
question
Formal organization
answer
collection of people with a high degree of formality of structure, working together to meet a goal or goals. Differ in size, structure, goals, and culture.
question
Rational choice perspective
answer
formal organization as a "goal directed,Purposefully designed machine". Assumes organizations can be designed with structures -maximize efficiency and effectiveness, which are highly valued.
question
Rational choice perspective-Ideal type Bureaucracy
answer
most efficient form of goal accomplishment. (formal rationality - rules, regulations, and structures)
question
Rational choice perspective-Scientific management
answer
maximizing internal efficiency "ones best way" - Taylorism (efficiency, calculability, predictability, control)
question
Rational choice perspective-Human Relations
answer
calls attention to how staff attitudes about the work situation can influence how they relate to clients. Central to organization.
question
rational choice perspective- Organizational humanism
answer
organizations can maximize efficiency and effectiveness while also promoting individual happiness and well-being.
question
Systems perspective
answer
-builds on the fundamental principle that the organization is in constant interaction with its multiple environments - social, political, cultural, technological - and must be able to adapt to change.
question
systems perspective- Political economy model
answer
focuses on the dependence of organizations on their environments for necessary resources and on the impact of organization -environment interactions on the internal structure and processes of the organization.
question
Interpretive perspective
answer
organizations are creations of human consciousness and reflect the worldviews of the creators; they are social constructions of reality
question
Social action model
answer
emphasizes the active role of individual organizational actors in creating the organization.
question
Organizational culture model
answer
views organizations as ongoing, interactive processes of reality construction, involving many organizational actors.
question
Managing diversity model
answer
maximizing advantages of diversity and minimizing disadvantages.
question
Critical perspective
answer
see organizations as instruments of exploitation and domination, where conflicting interests are decided in favor of the most powerful members.
question
Organizations as multiple oppressions
answer
social constructions that exclude and discriminate against some categories of people.
question
Nonhierarchical organizations
answer
employees of all levels contribute to decision-making.
question
Burnout
answer
prolonged response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors on the job
question
3 dimensions of burnout
answer
exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficiency.
question
MBI analyzes
answer
emotional exhaustion - feeling of being near the end of ones rope depersonalization - strong tendency to distance oneself from others reduced personal accomplishment - perceptions of doing well on a worthwhile project.
question
Host organizations
answer
schools, workplace, correctional facilities, military, hospitals
question
Social Work Oriented
answer
family and children services and government social service agencies
question
Human Service
answer
community mental health services and drug treatment programs.
question
Public
answer
funded by local, state or federal government
question
Private
answer
privately funded and administered
question
For-profit
answer
makes money
question
Non-profit
answer
does not make money
question
Hybrid
answer
combine political advocacy and service provision in their core identity
question
Social entrepreneurial
answer
formed by a social entrepreneur who recognizes a social problem and uses ideas from business entrepreneurs to organize, create, and manage a new venture to bring about social changes related to that problem.
question
Assigned leader
answer
occupy organizational positions that carry with them formal authority to influence others toward a common goal.
question
Emergent leader
answer
someone whose influence is recognized by others regardless of position. They have personal authority rather than formal authority.
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New