question

According to sociologists, the definition of violence includes pain or injury to other people or damage of property

answer

T

question

What constitutes a social problem remains constant across time

answer

T

question

To be defined as a social problem, a condition or pattern of behaivor must affect all members of a population

answer

F

question

A subjective awareness that a social problem exists usually emerges before the objective reality of the problem is acknowledged

answer

T

question

The functionalist perspective would attribute social problems to the unequal distribution of resources in society

answer

F

question

Conflict theorists focus on inequalities in society

answer

T

question

Labeling theory and the social construction of reality are value conflict perspectives

answer

F

question

The type of research method used depends on the nature of the study in question

answer

T

question

It is logical to conclude that one has to be in a position of power in order to discriminate

answer

T

question

According to C. Wright Mills, in order to understand a phenomenon in question in its entirety, it is important to bridge the mico-macro aspects of society

answer

T

question

In high income nations such as the US, most people have similar life chances

answer

F

question

Karl Marx believed that inequality and poverty were inevitable by-products of the exploitation of workers by capitalists

answer

T

question

Income is the economic gain derived from wages, salaries, income transfers, or ownership of property

answer

T

question

Today, more than 1.4 billion people live in absolute poverty

answer

T

question

The US poverty line is primarily based on a low-cost food budget for a family

answer

T

question

The amount of low income housing has increased significantly in recent years due to programs such as Habitat for Humaity and federal housing initiatives

answer

F

question

Countries with relatively low income levels, high rates of absolute poverty, low life expectancy, and high infant mortality rates are low income nations

answer

T

question

The feminization of poverty refers to the trend whereby women are disproportionately representative

answer

T

question

Class systems contribute to social stratification

answer

T

question

Which of the following statement most accurately describes class inequality in the US?

answer

Despite the american Dream, The Us remains highly stratified

question

Which of the following statements most accurately describes class inequality in the United States?

answer

Despite the American Dream, the U.S. remains highly stratified.

question

The vast majority of poor people in the United States are

answer

women and children.

question

Most researchers argue that the most frequent cause of homelessness is

answer

Poverty and jobloss

question

The practice used by people who view a social problem as emanating from within the individual exhibiting the problem is known as

answer

Blaming the victim

question

Oscar Lewis's idea that some poor people develop a separate and self-perpetuating system of attitudes and behaviors that keeps them trapped in poverty is known as

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The culture of poverty hypothsis

question

Which of the following initiatives created farm subsidies, minimum wage standards, and the Social Security system?

answer

Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal in the 1930s

question

Which one of the following is most likely to fall into poverty?

answer

single female-headed families

question

Which of the following perspectives asserts that poverty-related problems can be reduced by strengthening our major social institutions?

answer

Functionalist perspective

question

Conflict theorists would suggest that

answer

The problem of poverty can only be solved by reducing inequality

question

The decrease in take-home pay of workers since the 1980s is also known as

answer

wage squeeze

question

James is a high school graduate and semiskilled laborer who is going back to school to attain his associate's degree. James is trying to improve his

answer

Human capital

question

Discrimination deals with one's actions, while prejudice deals with one's attitude.

answer

T

question

Race is biological, while ethnicity is cultural.

answer

T

question

According to the text, government racial and ethnic classifications have been used exclusively for the purpose of gathering data for the U.S. census.

answer

F

question

Subordinate groups need not necessarily be a numerical minority

answer

T

question

Mortgage lenders who are more likely to grant bank loans to whites than to people of color are engaging in institutional discrimination.

answer

T

question

Actions or practices of dominant group members that have a harmful impact on members of subordinate groups are referred to as

answer

Discrimination

question

Which of the following groups is an example of an ethnic group?

answer

Italian Americans

question

Teaching school children that their own school and country are the best is an example

answer

Ethnocentrism

question

Racism in the United States is sometimes referred to as

answer

White racism

question

A mindset characterized by excessive conformity, submissiveness to authority, intolerance

answer

Authoritarian personality

question

Which theorists explain racial and ethnic inequality in terms of economic stratification and access to power?

answer

Conflict theorists

question

According to the gendered racism perspective

answer

Women of color have been uniquely affected by the interactive effect of racism and sexism

question

The first Asians to arrive in the United States in sizable numbers were from

answer

China

question

The "Jim Crow" laws designed to enforce the physical and social separation of African Americans from whites in all areas of public life after 1863 were examples of

answer

De jure segregation

question

The largest subordinate racial-ethnic group in the U.S. is

answer

Hispanic Americans

question

Which of the following would assert that discriminated-against individuals and groups are at least partly responsible for their own subordination because of decisions they make along

answer

Functionalist theorists

question

Which of the following would view families, schools, and churches as being key institutions that should encourage minority acceptance of dominant U.S. cultural patterns?

answer

Functionalist theorists

question

Which of the following emphasize that solutions to the problem of inequality will be found only through government programs that specifically attack racial inequality and actively reduce patterns of discrimination?

answer

Conflict theorists

question

Which of the following purport that prejudice and discrimination are learned and

answer

Symbolic interactionist theorists

question

Conflict perspectives on racial and ethnic inequality are based on the assumption

answer

Economic stratification and unequal access to power place minority group members at a distince disadvantage as compared to dominant group members

question

The U.S. has been compared to a salad bowl, one dish made up of individual ingredients, in order to explain a contemporary society where different cultures blend yet still retain their essential uniqueness. Which of the following processes does this comparison define?

answer

Ethnic pluralism

question

Functionalists, conflict theorists, and symbolic interactionists would all agree that

answer

The US population is becoming increasingly diverse at a rapid rate

question

The study of human society and social interactions

answer

Sociology

question

Individuals sharing geographic area and culture

answer

Society

question

Knowledge, values, customs, material objects passed to person to person

answer

Culture

question

Social condition/pattern of behavior that harms some or all people in a society, causes public concern and action for change

answer

Social problem

question

Connect private problems to public issues shift focus to a larger social context

answer

Sociological imagination

question

Logically related statements that attempt to describe, explain, or predict social events *viewing society as a sociological perspective

answer

Theory

question

Macrolevel, parts that work together to maintain stability, results from dysfunctional acts and institutions solution: strengthen social institutions

answer

Funtionalist perspective

question

Macrolevel, characterized by conflict and inequality, lack of agreement on values. Focuses on race, gender, class Solution: reform political and economic institutions to change inequality

answer

Conflict perspective

question

Micolevel, society is the sum of interactions between groups and individuals. Social problems are based on the behavior people learn from others. Based on subjective problems Solution: change societal values which encourage violence

answer

Symbolic interactionist perspective

question

Used to collect data about society

answer

Research methods

question

uses numbers

answer

Quantitative

question

Uses words

answer

Qualitative

question

Observe in a natural setting

answer

Field research

question

Ask series of questions (most frequently used), target small group that are representatives of a larger group

answer

Survey

question

USe already existing data, has no contact examples: records, census bureau data Content analysis-examination of documents ex tv programming, lyrics to songs

answer

Secondary analysis

question

Small relations

answer

Micro level

question

Occurring at societal levels

answer

Macro level

question

Highly industrialized economy, high income ex. canada, Japan and US

answer

High income nations

question

Agrarian-- to industrial economy ex. Columbia, guatemala and peru

answer

Middle income nations

question

Agrarian economy ex. Africa

answer

Low income nations

question

Gap between rich and poor is increasing Life indicators: health, life expectancy and sanitation

answer

Global disperity

question

Having access to important resources ex. food, shelter, healthcare, sanitation 1.4 billion absolute poverty

answer

Life chances

question

Hierarchy of social groups, some groups control more resources US Stratification has changed Gap: have and have nots increasing Life chances for poor is decreasing

answer

Social stratification

question

Undiminsional approach, class position determined by relationship to means of production in capitalist society

answer

Karl Marx

question

Multidiminsional approach Wealth, power and prestige

answer

Max Weber

question

value of assets

answer

Wealth

question

achivement

answer

Power

question

Respect and esteem from others

answer

Prestige

question

Class criteria, ownership of means of production, purchase of labor, control of labor and sale of labor

answer

Erik Wright

question

Value of economic assets, unevenly distributed, poorest 20% have no wealth, min less wealth

answer

Wealth

question

Economic gain from salaries and wages big gap between high and low, medium income of blacks lower than whites

answer

Income

question

Wealthy, most powerful ex. investors and heirs

answer

Upper class

question

Control production in society

answer

Upper-middle class

question

White collar, middle management

answer

Middle class

question

Semiskilled and nonmanual positions ex. daycare workers and cashiers

answer

Working class

question

Work full time ex. unskilled, low paid positions

answer

Working poor

question

20% of US population, negative net worth (owe more than they make)

answer

Chronically poor

question

% below poverty line 14.3 in 2009 Market basket- food budget x 3

answer

Poverty rate

question

Who is Poor?

answer

2/3 women and households headed by women

question

Women experience poverty at far higher rates than men

answer

Feminization of poverty

question

Consequences of poverty

answer

limited access to healthcare inadequate nutrition--> med probs hard to find cheap housing Reduced edu programs

question

Assistance programs for housing, health, education and income

answer

Welfare state

question

Explanations of poverty

answer

Individual- laziness, human capital, blaming the victim Cultural- cultural deficiency, culture of poverty, cultural capital Structural- economy puts people in poverty

question

Solutions to poverty: Functionalist Conflict Symbolic interactionist

answer

Functionalist- strengthen social institutions Conflict- reduce gender, race and class inequality Symbolic interactionist- reduce stigma, change how we view society

question

Differs because of a gene

answer

Race

question

Category singled out as inferior or superior determined by physical characteristics (skin, hair, eye shape)

answer

Racial group

question

Distinguished culturally

answer

Ethnic group

question

Advantaged, superior resources and rights, be determined by: race, ethnicity, gender, sex orientation ex. White skin privilege

answer

Dominant

question

Disadvantaged, unequal treatment, prejudice or discrimination

answer

Subordinate

question

Beliefs and practices which justify unequal treatment of racial and ethnic groups White racism is present in US and denies people of color opportunities

answer

Racism

question

Negative attitudes toward a group- based on faulty generalizations, stems from ethnocentrism (one's group is superior), influenced by stereotypes

answer

Prejudice

question

one's group is better

answer

Ethnocentrism

question

Over generalizations about all members of a group

answer

Stereotypes

question

Individual- 1 on 1 by dominant to subordinate Institutional- day to day practices of institutions impact on subordinate

answer

Discrimination

question

Sociological Perspectives on race

answer

Social psychological perspective: Frustration-aggression hypothesis- individuals who are unable to achieve a set goal become frustrated Authoritarian Personality- tendency to be more prejudice

question

Symbolic Interactionist

answer

Racial Socialization: -Process of social interaction containing messages about one's racial/ethnic group - can be direct via contact with parents, peers, teachers, others - also indiectly through media

question

Functionalist

answer

Focus on social order and stability as being important Assimilation- process where subordinate group members become absorbed in dominant culture, seen by functionlists as stabilizing Anglo-conformity model

question

Functionalist continued

answer

Ethnic pluralism- diverse racial and ethnic groups coexist, maintain separate identities and cultures Segregation- separation of people, based on class, gender, religion ect

question

Conflict

answer

Class perspectives: African Americans were enslaved;were the cheapest workers Contemporary theory- split-labor market theory: US divided into 2 sectors

question

Conflict continued

answer

Gendered Racism- interaction of gender and race resulting in exploitation of woman of color Internal colonialism- members of a racial/ethnic group are placed under control of the dominant group

question

Conflict continued

answer

Theory of racial formation: Gov has large role in defining racial and ethnic relations Policies and actions placing one group sin a subordinate position Immigration and naturalization laws- influence relations between racial and ethnic groups

question

Pop of 15 mill when columbus arrived in 1492 White eros conquered and colonized the Native Americans (genocide) 1830- Indian Removal Act passed

answer

Native Americans

question

First brought to North America as slaves in 1619 Slavery established in 1863 South-De jure segregation North-De facto segregation Civil rights Acts of 1964 and 1965 ended de jure segregation

answer

African Americans

question

Puerto Rico became a US possession in 1917; citizens allowed migration to US Refugees immigrated to US from Cua to flee from Fidel Castro Mexicans have immigrated to the US as agricultural workers

answer

Latinos (Hispanic Americans)

question

Came to America in 1850-1880 Japanese immigrants forced into internment camps during WWII Many immigrants have come recently form other parts

answer

Asian and Pacific Americans

question

Functionalist solutions to inequality

answer

Restructure social institutions

question

Conflict solutions to inequality

answer

Struggle and Political Action

question

Interactionist solutions to inequality

answer

Teach cultural diversity to unlearn prejudice and discrimination

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