soc final multiple choice examples – Flashcards

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Social Stratification refers to:
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ranking categories of people in a hierarchy
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a caste system is social stratification:
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based on birth
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sonja has two advanced degrees, an average salary, and is working at a low-prestige job. Which concept best describes her situation?
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low status consistency
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according to the davis moore thesis:
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more important jobs must offer enough rewards to draw talent from less important work
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karl marx claimed that society "reproduces the class structure" meaning?
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class differences are passed on from generation to the next
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max weber claimed that social stratification is based on:
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economic class, social status or prestige, and power
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the wealthiest 20% of people in the united states own about how much of the country's privately owned wealth?
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85%
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which of the following jobs is an example of high-prestige work?
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college professor
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which of the following is another term for the working class?
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lower-middle class
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which quintile (20%) of the u.s population has seen the greatest change in income over the last generation?
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the top quintile
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change in social position during a person's own lifetime is called?
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intrageneration social mobility
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which age category of the u.s population has the highest poverty rate?
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young people under the age of 18
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in global perspective, the richest 20% of all people earn about what share of the entire world's income?
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77%
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the united states, canada and japan are all?
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high income countries
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low income nations:
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are found in mostly africa and asia
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china and india are now:
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two of the world's middle-income nations
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which of the following is the range of annual personal income for people living in middle income nations?
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2,500-12,000
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how does poverty in poor nations compare to poverty in the united states?
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in poor nations, there is far more absolute poverty
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neocolonialism refers to the process by which:
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multinational corporations dominate the economy of a poor country
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which of the following statements is the basis of modernization theory?
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the main cause of poverty in the world is low productivity due to simple technology and traditional culture
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according to walt rostow, which is the final stage of economic development?
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high mass consumption
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dependency theory differs from modernization theory by saying that:
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global stratification results from the exploitation of poor countries by rich countries
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gender is not just a matter of personal traits but also a matter of differences in:
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power, wealth, and prestige
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the anthropologist margaret mead studied gender in 3 societies in New Guinea and found that:
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what is femine in one society may be masculine in another
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for all of us raised in u.s society, gender shapes our:
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feelings, thoughts and actions
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there is a beauty myth in the u.s society that encourages:
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women believe their personal importance depends on their looks
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in the united states, what share of women work for income?
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60%
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in the u.s labor force:
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women are still concentrated in several types of jobs
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for which of the following categories of people in the united states is it true that women do more housework than men?
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people who work for income, people who are married and people who have children
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in the united states, women in the labor force working full time earn how much for every dollar earned by men working full time?
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77 cents
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before the 2010 elections, women held about what percentage of seats in congress?
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17 percent
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the equal rights amendment, which would expand the rights and opportunities of women, reflects which of the following types of feminism?
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liberal feminism
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race refers to ______ considered important in a society and ethnicity refers to _________ :
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biological traits, cultural traits
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people of hispanic descent make up what share of the u.s population?
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15.4 %
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a minority is defined as a category of people who:
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are defined as different and are disadvantaged
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which 4 states in the u.s have a minority majority?
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california, texas, new mexico and hawaii
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research using the bogardus social distance scale shows that u.s college students:
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are less prejudiced than students 50 years ago
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prejudice is a matter of ____ and discrimination is a matter of ____ ?
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attitudes, behavior
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the u.s is not truly pluralistic today because:
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different racial and ethnic categories are unequal in social standing
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which concept is illustrated by immigrants from ecuador coming to the u.s and learning to speak the english language?
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assimilation
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when the first europeans came to the americas in the late 1400s, native americans:
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had inhabited this land for 30,000 years
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what is the largest category of asian americans in the united states?
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chinese americans
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demography is defined as the study of:
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human population
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which region of the world has both the lowest birth rate and the lowest infant mortality rate?
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europe
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typically, high income nations grow mostly from ____ , while low income nations grow from ____ ?
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immigration, natural increase
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in general, the higher the average income of a country:
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the slower the population increases
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in the u.s, urban decentralization has caused:
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the expansion of suburbs, the development of vast urban regions, and the growth of edge cities
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what concepts did ferdinand tonnies use to refer to people coming together on the basis of individual self interest?
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gesellschaft
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the worlds third urban revolution is now taking place in:
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low income nations
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the environmental deficit refers to:
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the long term harm to the environment caused by a shortsighted focus on material affluence
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what statement reflects the limits to growth thesis?
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people are rapidly consuming earths finite resources
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environmental racism is the idea that:
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environmental dangers are greatest for the poor and minorities
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sociologists use the term modernity to refer to social patterns that emerged:
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after the industrial revolution
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what are common causes of social change?
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the intervention of things, ideas and social patterns, diffusion from one cultural system to another, and the discovery of existing things
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karl marx highlighted the importance of what factors in the process of social change?
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social conflict
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max webers analysis of the rise of rational modern society highlighted the importance of what factors in the process of social change?
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ideas
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what term did ferdinand tonnies use to describe a modern society?
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gesellschaft
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according to emile durkheim, modern societies have:
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an increasing division of labor
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the 2010 gulf of mexico oil spill is one recent case of:
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a technological disaster
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what are true statements about modernity as a mass society?
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kinship ties have become weaker, bureaucracy, including government, has expanded in size and people experience greater moral uncertainty about how to live
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sociologists who describe modernity in terms of class society theory focus on what?
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the rise of capitalism
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david riesman described the other directed social character typical of modern people as:
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rigid conformity to tradition
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