SOC 204 Exam 3 Questions

Q: What cartoon caption best characterizes the early Internet?

\\\"On the internet, no one knows you are a dog.\\\"

question

Who are most likely to work a full day outside the home for pay and perform a second shift of unpaid labor at home?

answer

women

question

In 2006, the U.S. Census Bureau reported that less than half of American households contained a married couple. (True or False)

answer

True

question

What cartoon caption best characterizes the early Internet?

answer

\"On the internet, no one knows you are a dog.\"

question

Sociologist William Whyte referred to the conformity expected of the __________ in 1950s America.

answer

\"organization man\"

question

The traditional family rose to prominence in the 1950s as a consequence of World War II prosperity. (True or False)

answer

True

question

One factor that might help girls perform better in school is that they tend to spend more time on homework and are less likely to have disciplinary problems. (True or False)

answer

True

question

A __________ is a document authorizing a foreign-born person to enter a country, either permanently or temporarily.

answer

visa

question

The War on Drugs to reduce abuse, protect children, make neighborhoods safer, and the like, fell disproportionately on __________, rather than treating the broader spectrum of social ills and classes for which it was intended.

answer

African Americans

question

Numerically unlimited LPR status is granted to which group or groups of people?

answer

W: spouses and children of adult U.S. citizens spouses, children, and parents of adult U.S. citizens

question

Which of the following is NOT a positive affirmation that a group would apply to one of its members?

answer

making a gang sign in a photograph posted on Facebook

question

What has research determined is the difference in English fluency between children born in the United States and children brought to the country before the age of four?

answer

W: Children born in the United States had no discernible difference in English fluency than those who immigrated at a young age when their parents were proficient English speakers.

question

Which of the following factors explains why U.S. immigration rules and regulations are so often changed and adjusted?

answer

war, racism, prejudices, changing ideologies and tolerances, and fluctuating needs for labor

question

The 1919 constitutional amendment that outlawed the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages in the United States failed because __________.

answer

W: organized crime undermined the new law

question

Moral regulation, indeed, the effort to legislate morality is being curbed by what phenomenon?

answer

There is a general support for lifestyle freedom rather than organized resistance.

question

U.S. social policy stresses the collectivistic approach. (True or False)

answer

False

question

In the United States how much funding for schools comes from the federal government?

answer

less than 10 percent

question

Kristen is an unmarried low-income mother, whereas Janelle is a middle-class single mother by choice. What does the sociological research indicate regarding mothers from these different backgrounds?

answer

Single mothers value motherhood and do not want to miss out on the experience just because suitable partners are lacking.

question

Sociologists commonly assess educational attainment using all the following measurements EXCEPT __________.

answer

hours spent working at jobs

question

What type of activity is possible with Web 1.0 technologies?

answer

searching and reading

question

In inflation adjusted dollars, between 1987 and 2012 the amount of tuition paid by the average student at a state school in Oregon.

answer

More than doubled.

question

Most Americans consider having a baby as the most significant marker of adulthood. (True or False)

answer

False

question

Which of the following life outcomes for Sylvia is more likely than the others because she failed to complete high school?

answer

Sylvia is unmarried.

question

Who else suffers from mass incarceration?

answer

the families of incarcerated individuals, especially African Americans

question

Girls are more likely to graduate from high school and attend college in the United States than boys, especially among students of color. (True or False)

answer

True

question

Foreign-born citizens of the United States cannot become president or vice-president of the United States. (True or False)

answer

True

question

The proponents of the family decline perspective identify all of the following factors as contributors to declines in adult commitment EXCEPT __________.

answer

lower rates of premarital sex

question

In an effort to cope with marital tensions faced by an unequal second shift, Nancy and Evan Holt, the couple described in your text, __________. Hochschild stresses, however, that developing strategies such as this do not—and cannot—change the underlying conditions from which the tensions stem.

answer

divided up the household chores between the two of them

question

Other names for receiving countries are __________.

answer

destination or host countries

question

In the science fields, the proportion of women receiving bachelor's degrees is higher in chemistry than in computer science. (True or False)

answer

True

question

In a sociological context, SES is an abbreviation for __________.

answer

socioeconomic status

question

__________ is the act of arriving and settling in a place.

answer

Immigration

question

In U.S. society, which group of people typically do NOT have the power to enforce formal sanctions?

answer

the clergy

question

Which would most likely be a root for the discomfort described by Goffman (1963) in explaining the \"norm of engagement\"?

answer

Weber's Protestant work ethic

question

Single-parent families are most common among _______

answer

African Americans

question

When it was learned that a community leader was having an extramarital affair, his constituents were outraged at the effects his actions had on his wife and children. They couldn't throw him in jail, so they shunned him. In essence, they pretended that their leader didn't exist. By ignoring him whenever they encountered him, what form of social control did the community exercise?

answer

informal sanctions

question

Dana was a stay-at-home mother until her recent divorce. She went back into the paid workforce to provide for her child. She loves her job but is concerned that she is not at home to spend more time with her child. Should Dana be worried about this?

answer

No, if a mother is happy with her job, she will provide better care for her children.

question

Another name for a legal permanent resident is __________.

answer

legal immigrant

question

Which of the following statements about the United States is indicative of reality?

answer

W: Crime rates are much higher in the United States, which now has a reputation overseas as a very violent place to visit.

question

There were no numerical limitations on immigration to the United States in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. (True or False)

answer

True

question

How has marriage changed in recent decades?

answer

Educated American women, in particular, are waiting longer to marry.

question

From the point of view of sociology, an Orthodox Jewish school for girls requiring long skirts is __________ compared to the dress code of girls in most public schools.

answer

statistically deviant

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What do sociologists mean when they refer to the hidden curriculum of schools?

answer

unstated standards of behavior or teachers' expectations

question

Robert and Sarah both work full-time jobs. They take turns cooking dinner and taking their children to their extracurricular activities. Their relationship can best be described as __________.

answer

egalitarian

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When is a \"deviant\" behavior deviant according to most sociologists?

answer

When it violates societal rules.

question

In general, there are two paths to citizenship for foreign-born persons. The first is naturalization, and the second is deriving citizenship from one's parent(s). (True or False)

answer

True

question

The debtor's prisons of the nineteenth century are good examples __________.

answer

W: of interested punishment

question

The gender restructuring perspective on family change recognizes that __________ has(have) changed but __________ has(have) not.

answer

W: the structure jobs and careers; the care-taking needs of families

question

The great irony in American history is how the \"demon rum\" of the nineteenth century became a mark of good taste for the social drinker. What reason would best explain the cause?

answer

W: After Prohibition, alcohol consumption became socially acceptable. The patterns of consumption changed both in the amounts and who drank alcoholic beverages.

question

Women have higher college completion rates in __________.

answer

the United States

question

The disparity in educational achievement between whites and Asian Americans, who tend to fare better, on average, than African American, Latino/a, and Native American students __________.

answer

has persisted over 30 years

question

Which social class, according to researcher Annette Lareau, is most likely to engage in \"concerted cultivation\"?

answer

the middle class

question

Researcher Annette Lareau defines \"concerted cultivation\" as form of intensive parenting that includes all of the following EXCEPT __________.

answer

deference to authority figures

question

Web 3.0 technologies are expected, among other things, to add intelligence to Internet search functionality by being able to understand the meanings of words in context, analyze data searchers have given it, learn about searchers' preferences, and even predict searchers' needs and behaviors. (True or False)

answer

True

question

Children in high-conflict families whose parents divorce fare better than children raised in high-conflict families whose parents do not divorce. (True or False)

answer

True

question

To prove how those in power have the ability to define deviance and set the formal sanctions for punishment and reward, the author of this chapter describes a \"what-if\" scenario: What if the British had beaten the American colonies during the Revolutionary War? How might the British victors have addressed the deviance of the Founding Fathers and their supporters?

answer

by arresting and punishing the revolutionaries and rewarding the loyalists

question

However great their desire to move, some people will not migrate. What is the most plausible reason for this?

answer

Emigration and immigration policies bar some individuals from crossing borders.

question

For several years, a manufacturing plant had been knowingly polluting a nearby river with chemical waste, resulting in serious illnesses and at least three deaths among area residents. When the source of the pollution was proven to be plant waste, charges and lawsuits were filed, but the company's CEO was never held officially accountable. This situation is an example of __________.

answer

white-collar crime

question

In an attempt to rid the land of undesirables, one country's leaders sanctioned the expulsion of over 10,000 residents. Another country's government officials utilized inhumane methods to extract information from detainees. Both of these cases are examples of state ________.

answer

state deviance

question

The rise of the conjugal family unit during the period of rapid industrialization elevated emotional need for love and companionship as criteria for selecting marriage partners over __________.

answer

parental approval

question

Which of the following is identified by the author of this chapter as being a primary cause in the jump in prison populations since the early 1970s?

answer

the criminalization of drug use and the War on Drugs

question

According to Freud in Civilization and Its Discontents, which of the following best exemplifies what he meant by basic needs and the \"futility of rebellion\"?

answer

Carl, who is seven, is told \"get to bed now\" when he lies awake at night texting his friend.

question

The perception that African Americans are lawbreakers began __________.

answer

in the early twentieth century

question

If enough people used medical marijuana, it would normalize the \"deviant\" smoking of marijuana. (True or False)

answer

True

question

Some residents in low-income neighborhoods create networks of caretaking and financial support with other residents outside kinship bonds, which sociologists call __________.

answer

fictive kin

question

Researcher Sharon Hays (1996) found that standards of intense mothering exist among __________.

answer

all social classes

question

Researchers almost universally believe that the true size of transfers through both formal and informal channels is larger than the recorded amount of such flows. (True or False)

answer

True

question

What is meant by the \"sleeper effect\" in understanding the consequences of divorce?

answer

Children of divorce may not feel its harmful consequences until years after the divorce.persistent depression.

question

Which groups did the National Origins Act of 1924 primarily attempt to exclude?

answer

Italians, Jews and Slavs

question

Which of the following statements about the requirements for naturalization is false?

answer

Naturalization requires a parent who is a U.S. citizen.

question

The deviance implicit in a drone strike is __________.

answer

killing noncombatants such as innocent civilians

question

Who are the members of a country's diaspora?

answer

people who have settled outside their countries of originmore money

question

An unintended consequence of high-stakes testing is the response by schools to shed students with low scores by encouraging them to drop out. (True or False)

answer

True

question

Who once wrote of immigrants, \". . . the settling of them in a body . . . may be much questioned; for, by so doing, they retain the language, habits, and principles (good or bad) which they bring with them.\"

answer

George Washington

question

State terrorism is a form of __________.

answer

terrorism that violates the same laws and conventions that stateless and state-sponsored terrorists do

question

The victimization surveys used in social research are more reliable records in measuring world crime rates because __________.

answer

police and government agencies in different countries record crimes differently

question

Poor people marry less often than other income groups because __________.

answer

they have fewer resources and opportunities than other classes

question

Which of the following persons is most likely to send remittances to his or her native country?

answer

Carlos, who left his family in Mexico to work in Texas as a migrant farmer for a year or two

question

In the labeling theory of deviance, an act that is considered to be deviant may have been considered to be normal at an earlier point in time. (True or False)

answer

True

question

In France, the funding of schools, the curriculum, and the standards for student and teacher achievement are controlled by local government authorities at the provincial level. (True or False)

answer

False

question

Countries with high numbers of emigrants are __________.

answer

sending countries

question

The probability of being fluent in English is higher among children born in the United States than those who immigrated with their parents at a young age. (True or False)

answer

true

question

Common competencies that sociologists have identified as necessary for successful functioning in the twentieth-first century include agility and adaptability. Of the following skills and capabilities, which is less likely to be associated with agility and adaptability than the others?

answer

to listen effectively to discern meaning, knowledge, values, attitudes, and intentions

question

Anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski's study of the Trobriand Islanders observed that __________.

answer

uncles performed many of the duties that Western societies associate with fatherhood

question

If one were to conduct archival research on the oldest known written set of laws in human history, one would be examining __________.

answer

Hammurabi's code

question

In any state in the US what position is likely to be the highest paid state employee.

answer

a university football coach.

question

Who referred to middle-class women's confinement to domesticity as \"the problem that has no name\"?

answer

Betty Freidan

question

Temporary migrants are more likely to send remittances than permanent residents. (True or False)

answer

true

question

Marriage rates have declined most steeply among __________.

answer

the less educated

question

The fact that people with comparable occupations and incomes participate more in the civic and political life of their communities when they have more education is consistent the __________ view of education.

answer

socialization

question

The widespread use of morphine that followed the Civil War was for what reason?

answer

to treat an array of medical problems

question

Of the following skills, which type may be harder to learn online than the others?

answer

the skill to think critically

question

Which group is the most likely to perceive others as outsiders?

answer

so-called \"Minutemen\" patrolling the Texas-Mexico border

question

Probation can best be described as __________.

answer

punishment that permits an offender to live in the community rather than serve a prison sentence

question

Allocation of U.S. visas exhibit a strong family focus. (True or False)

answer

True

question

Money and goods flowing between immigrants moves only in one direction, from receiving country to sending country. (True or False

answer

False

question

Second shift is a term coined by journalist Lisa Belkin. (True or False)

answer

False

question

Over the last 50 years, family income __________ in explaining the educational achievement gap.

answer

has become more important than race

question

According to world migration data for 2010, __________ is the top receiving country.

answer

the United States

question

Tracking is __________.

answer

assigning students to different ability or curriculum groups

question

The Sociology Project considers all of the following perspectives on family change EXCEPT __________.

answer

collectivist participation

question

What is the critical difference between what President Obama did in regard to torture conducted by the military and his predecessor?

answer

President Obama banned torture in 2009.

question

What is the critical difference between jail and prison?

answer

Jail is intended for short periods of incarceration, prisons for longer.

question

An important argument in favor of diverse family forms, the __________, is ignored by proponents of family decline.

answer

freedom to choose in intimate matters

question

Which of the following is least likely to be considered an ethnic enclave?

answer

Greenwich Village of New York

question

Teachers of high-track students spend more time on discipline than teachers of low-track students. (True or False)

answer

False

question

A sociological approach to immigration as a process considers all of the following EXCEPT __________

answer

the distance traveled

question

\"Defining deviance downward\" means that the powerful define ordinary behavior of the weak as deviant. (True or False)

answer

True

question

Under U.S. immigration law, immigrant parents of children __________ their own children in order to obtain LPR status for those children.

answer

may sponsor

question

All of the following are types of care work EXCEPT __________.

answer

unpaid work canvassing for votes for the passage of mental health tax levies

question

Among the following, which plays a role in the sorting function of students into particular jobs?

answer

credentialism

question

Spouses of natural-born U.S. citizens constitute the largest class of immigrants legally admitted to the United States. (True or False)

answer

False

question

Why is white-collar crime punished disproportionally compared to blue-collar crime?

answer

White-collar crimes are still perceived as victimless, that is, not harming its victims in the personal way a blue-collar crime harms its victims.

question

Among sociologists, indication of assimilation is limited to acquisition of U.S. citizenship. (True or False)

answer

False

question

Level of education is rarely a factor in decisions about whom we decide to marry. (True or False)

answer

False

question

Of the following, which is NOT a socioeconomic reward of more education?

answer

higher unemployment

question

What is meant by the \"sleeper effect\" in understanding the consequences of divorce?

answer

Children of divorce may not feel its harmful consequences until years after the divorce.

question

Why does tracking persist, even though it clearly segregates students by social class and ethnicity?

answer

Privileged parents feel that tracking gives their children educational benefits.

question

What does socialization theory suggest about education?

answer

that education transmits knowledge, skills, and values that persist in adulthood and that employers believe increase productivity

question

Why was guerilla warfare and acts of terrorism rare in history?

answer

States typically observed rules of engagement on a battlefield.premodern terrorist acts.

question

Emigration and immigration policies refer to sets of rules and regulations established by countries with regards to __________.

answer

the movement of people across borders

question

What is the difference between stayers-at-heart and tied stayers?

answer

Stayers-at-heart have low desire to migrate.

question

How does labeling a one as deviant reinforce the so-called \"deviance\"?

answer

Once labeled a deviant, an individual's actions are more closely scrutinized by others, improving the odds that the person will be caught in further acts of deviance.

question

According the author of this chapter, an act of terrorism can only be performed by entities that are not nation states.

answer

False, any entity, whether a state, group, or individual can perform a terrorist act.

question

Visas issued in the family-sponsored category, require what kind of documentation, in addition to national identity cards, birth certificates, and military records?

answer

an affidavit of support signed by a U.S.-based sponsor

question

Which of the following is more likely to be punished by the criminal justice system?

answer

\"blue-collar crime\"

question

In 1950, almost __________ percent of U.S. households consisted of a married couple.

answer

80

question

In the past two years, Joseph has made and broken intimate bonds with five partners in a pattern of behavior known as __________.

answer

serial relationships

question

As one scholar opines, racial makeup of the rising prison population reflects a \"new Jim Crow.\" What is meant by this?

answer

The large numbers of African Americans in the prison population suggest the \"Colored Only\" accommodations (e.g., cinemas, restaurants, schools) that were once common in the American South up until the mid-twentieth century.

question

Research on children ages 8 through 12 found that the probability of being fluent in English __________ among children whose parents had illegal experience than among children whose parents had never been unauthorized.

answer

was higher

question

The Geneva Conventions are international agreements to ensure that prisoners of war are not mistreated. (True or False)

answer

True

question

The difference between movers-at-heart and tied movers is based on wage rates in the sending country. (True or False)

answer

False

question

The \"eye for an eye\" principle was first established in the Jewish Talmud. (True or False)

answer

False

question

One of the liberalizing outcomes of the sexual revolution was the _________.

answer

destigmatization of premarital sex

question

What did Durkheim mean by \"the unstated terms of the social contract\"?

answer

what sociologists eventually called \"norms\"

question

\"Natural growth\" is a parental practice engaged in by working-class families. (True or False)

answer

True

question

One \"success\" for the modern crusade against homosexuality is __________.

answer

the military banning homosexual soldiers

question

Why might a yogi in southern India or a Buddhist monk in Nepal violate a Westerner's so-called \"norm of engagement\"?

answer

What looks like their doing nothing is doing something according to their callings and culture.

question

In 2008, __________ announced a 10-year goal of providing working parents with day care for children ages 1 to 5 to aid women who were worried about leaving their careers to start families.

answer

Japan

question

Which of the following fears is common among countries that may, in response, try to prevent emigration?

answer

fear of losing the best and the brightest of its citizens

question

What is the national average, based on 2007 census data, spent per pupil in the United States to educate elementary and secondary students?

answer

slightly more than $9,500

question

Today, the United States leads the world in the amount of education its citizens receive and in educational achievement. (True or False)

answer

False

question

Which social class is most likely to engage in \"natural growth,\" according to researcher Annette Lareau?

answer

the working class

question

For as long as he can remember, Kerry has been known as a troublemaker. His parents and siblings often tell him he will not amount to anything, and some of his neighbors call him a punk. He has even been referred to as \"hopeless\" by his teachers. By the time Kerry turned 16, he had dropped out of school and had been arrested twice. Kerry's trajectory toward a life of crime can best be explained by using __________.

answer

labeling theory

question

Which of the following problems has been identified as one of the more serious negative outcomes of the increasing use of digital technology in the classroom?

answer

the gap between student learning and achievement across cultural and economic lines will increase

question

Social closure practices, which __________, include licensing.

answer

limit entry into some occupations

question

Which of the following children is more likely than the others to manifest the second-generation effect?

answer

Adele, whose parents' intelligence and talents were thwarted in their country of origin and whose poverty led them to drop out of school early

question

The heaviest users of morphine in the late-nineteenth and early twentieth century were __________.

answer

middle-class white women

question

What are second-generation children said to have inherited from their parents?

answer

at least a portion of their parents' migrant energy

question

Of the following factors, which would be more likely than the others to influence immigrants to live near kin or conationals?

answer

limited English fluency

question

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the long-lasting effects of the hidden curriculum in schools?

answer

Kelly and her twin brother Brent had very different experiences in school. While Brent's teachers encouraged him to focus on math and science, Kelly was directed toward home economics. Brent received more support from his coaches than did his sister. Kelly's interest in and talent for math and sports surpassed Brent's, but she never pursued those areas and abandoned them altogether when she got to college. She had learned her place as a female.

question

Ever since it was discovered that their children's principal is gay, a group of concerned parents has been on a mission to have the principal removed from office. There are no reported instances of any inappropriate behavior, and no one has filed a specific complaint against the principal. The actions of these parents, who are uncomfortable with having a gay administrator in their children's school, is often called a __________.

answer

moral crusade

question

Approximately 1.5 million children are home-schooled in the United States today. (True or False)

answer

True

question

Based on your knowledge of the push and pull factors of migration, which of the following persons is more likely than the others to move to another country?

answer

Juan, who often dreams of living in a country with more opportunities and wonders if his uncle's family would let him stay with them if he went to the United States

question

Which of the following statements best describes the role that money plays in a smooth immigration process?

answer

The receiving country often has financial requirements that can be challenging for moderate- or low-income families to meet.

question

Of the following family forms, which is considered the most traditional?

answer

breadwinner-homemaker families

question

Which of the following is NOT commonly understood to be an institution of social control?

answer

the workplace

question

Unstated standards of behavior or teachers' expectations comprise all the following EXCEPT __________.

answer

intellectual skills and content

question

What key factor played into Cesare Beccaria's formula for making people obey the law?

answer

fairness

question

Christine Whelan's research (2008) found that the least important trait that men seek in prospective wives is good health. (True or False)

answer

False

question

How many persons per year are admitted to the United States with LPR status?

answer

about 1 million

question

Educational systems around the world differ in three important ways: __________.

answer

access, control and funding, and private versus public education

question

We all have an interest in having our private property protected, but for holders of great wealth the stakes are much higher. Their interest in crimes against property are, therefore, said to be disinterested. (True or False)

answer

False

question

In 1960, by the age of 30, __________ percent of men had completed all of life's major transitions, including finishing school and getting married.

answer

65

question

A CIA black site is __________.

answer

foreign prisons rented by the U.S. government for interrogating prisoners accused of terrorism

question

Lawbreakers who engage in theft are the intended recipients of interested punishment. (True or False)

answer

True

question

One police officer decides to pull over drivers going 10 miles over the speed limit. To make his quota, another police officer decides to pull over drivers going 7 mph over the limit. Who is being fairer?

answer

Fairness is not the issue when both officers interpret the law arbitrarily.

question

How did U.S. students rank in comparison with other students of the world on the International Student Assessment tests in 2009?

answer

better than average in reading, better than average in science, and worse than average in math

question

Among the following, who is least likely to move out of an ethnic enclave?

answer

Emilio Mendosa , who is 77 years old and plans to stay in the United States for the rest of his life

question

The author of this chapter proposes that __________ would have had a much different outcome, had millions not lost the right to vote in that election decades earlier.

answer

the presidential election of 2000

question

The U.S. Census Bureau would consider all the following sets of people as families EXCEPT __________.

answer

college-age roommates

question

Besides learning skills and knowledge, schools serve three other major purposes. What are they?

answer

economic, future preparation, and socialization functions

question

The digital divide refers to the social, economic, and cultural gap between those with effective access to information technology and those without such access. (True or Fasle)

answer

True

question

Mass incarceration is another word for concentration camps. (True or Fasle)

answer

False

question

The United States __________ the world in the amount of education its citizens receive.

answer

no longer leads

question

32. After Mexico, China was the top sending country in 2010. (True or False)

answer

False

question

A man with multiple marital partners is engaging in polygamy. (True or False)

answer

True

question

What sociologists find central to deviance is the pathological nature of the deviant. (True or False)

answer

False

question

At present, over 4.5 million persons waiting for numerically limited visas are approved, even though only approximately 366,000 visas are available each year, totaling over _____________ of visas that are already claimed.

answer

12 years'

question

Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, what new measure has the government imposed on foreign-born persons in the United States or who wish to travel or study here?

answer

The United States has made it more difficult for people from countries with large Muslim populations to enter the country.

question

For upper-class white males, social origin is __________ to occupation and income.

answer

strongly related

question

George W. Bush's Council of Economic Advisers concluded that 40 percent of scientists with PhDs working in the United States were born abroad. (True or False)

answer

True

question

The queue is much longer for immigrants seeking a family-based category of visa than for immigrants in employment-based categories. (True or False)

answer

True

question

Families are not types but rather a set of dynamic processes. (True or False)

answer

True

question

Migration is a(n) __________, not a(n) __________.

answer

process; single event

question

A group of teachers and administrators are meeting to discuss effective alternatives, or modifications, to tracking. Their goal is to provide an equitable learning and achievement environment for all students. Which of the following proposals has the greatest chance of fulfilling their goal?

answer

offering students clearly explained specialized assistance for their differing abilities, while involving parents in the process of phasing out most of the existing specialized groups

question

A shared language is NOT a marker of group identity. (True or False)

answer

False

question

Who, among the following, is likely to be considered a golden child, in the context of U.S. immigration law?

answer

Stella, a child born to foreign-born parents while they were living is Queens

question

Among the following, who is exhibiting a soft skill?

answer

Aaron, who is teaching others how to fill out a new timesheet at work

question

Anthropologists see families as __________.

answer

kinship systems

question

George W. Bush's Council of Economic Advisers concluded that, on average, U.S. citizens do not benefit from immigration. (True or False)

answer

False

question

Typically, migrants assume that the lower the cost of migration is, the greater the required improvement in the wage in the receiving country. (True or False)

answer

False

question

At one time in U.S. history, it was common for adult males to drink the equivalent of two bottles of 80-proof hard liquor each week. (True or False)

answer

True

question

Knowing how to dress, act, and present oneself at work, and being able to work well with other people are examples of __________.

answer

\"soft skills\"

question

Which of the following best reflects the positive impact that immigration has had on the United States?

answer

an increase in natives' financial well-being and productivity

question

The proponents of the family values perspective view the acceptance of same-sex marriage as the devaluation of heterosexual marriage. (True or False)

answer

True

question

Jeff wants to start his own business and he's eager to make it successful. He remembers his sociology professor talking about socialization theory, human capital, and allocation theory. Armed with this knowledge, what should be Jeff's strategy in building up his business?

answer

Hire mostly college graduates. They'll have the needed skills and productivity levels.

question

Which of the following statements about the first immigration era in U.S. history (1789-1874) is true?

answer

During the first immigration era in U.S. history, noncitizens could vote.

question

__________ refers to the practice of marrying individuals whose educational levels are similar to one's own.

answer

Educational homogamy

question

Which group or cause became the primary driver of the Temperance Movement according to the author of this chapter?

answer

foreign immigrants who were believed to drink in excess

question

There is __________ systematic research showing students learn better from digital systems than from teachers.

answer

no

question

Current U.S. law recognizes __________ different classes of foreign-born persons living in the United States.

answer

four

question

Sweden's \"use it or lose it\" paid parental leave policy encourages greater participation of fathers in caring for newborn children by __________.

answer

disallowing fathers to transfer their paid leave days to their female partners

question

Oscar recently lost his job and is having difficulty obtaining a new one. His wife, Lillian, on the other hand, recently finished her nursing degree after staying at home with the couple's twin daughters and has had numerous job offers. Oscar and Lillian's scenario best aligns with the __________ of family change.

answer

economic restructuring perspective

question

Smokers with more education are more likely to quit smoking than smokers with less education. (True or False)

answer

True

question

Andrew \"naked guy\" Martinez eventually inspired clothes optional zones on the Berkeley campus. (True or False)

answer

False

question

Why is a green card so coveted by foreign-born persons?

answer

It is the paper evidence of LPR status.

question

According to world migration data for 2010, __________ is the top sending country.

answer

Mexico

question

When it comes to migration, what pertinent assumption about people's motivations do sociologists make?

answer

that everyone who migrates wants a better life

question

Of the following statements about the learning experience of high-track students, which is false?

answer

High-track students spend less time away from the classroom on field trips.

question

In contrast to \"concerted cultivation,\" researcher Annette Lareau defines \"natural growth\" as a form of parenting that includes all of the following EXCEPT __________.

answer

acquisition of language skills

question

\"Man-cession\" refers to a(n) __________.

answer

economic shift resulting in more men than women losing their jobs

question

In the science fields, women earn larger percentages of bachelor's degrees in which two disciplines?

answer

biology and chemistry

question

Most Europeans can begin families without regard to considerations of healthcare and educational access. (True or False)

answer

True

question

The educational experiences of American children, regardless of social class differences, __________.

answer

are likely to be quite different

question

What do some fear will happen if immigrants fail to assimilate?

answer

movers will threaten the social fabric

question

When a couple gets married and vows to remain faithful, they are expressing a(n) __________.

answer

willingness to behave according to what people expect of a faithful marriage

question

Highly selective colleges and universities appear to be __________ total online instruction than less selective universities.

answer

relying less on

question

Based on data from the New Immigrant Survey (2003) of the basic characteristics of new legal immigrants over 18 years of age, which of the following statements is true?

answer

more than one-half of new legal immigrants is female

question

In the list below, find a modern example of the Robin Hood paradigm that shows how society can \"agree\" with social deviancy.

answer

all of the above

question

Edwin Sutherland (1949) coined the term __________ to describe a form of crime that was once not even considered a crime that put Americans at risk.

answer

white-collar crime

question

In 2010, Mexico received more migrant remittances than any other country. (True or False)

answer

False

question

An elite group of wealthy property owners is meeting to discuss common concerns. At the top of its list is the recent increase in identity theft and fraud. The group wants to toughen its town's laws and penalties against such criminal behavior, in an effort to protect citizens and deter offenders. This group is considering __________.

answer

interested punishment

question

Proponents of the economic restructuring perspective on family change consider all of the following to be consequences of a new economic order EXCEPT __________.

answer

financial stability among middle-class families

question

Sweden's policy of parental leave allows parents to take up to 480 days off work after a child is born or adopted. (True or False)

answer

True

question

Where is tracking a particularly widespread practice?

answer

in large, diverse school systems and in schools serving primarily lower-class students

question

Among the following factors, which is generally NOT considered a factor that influences decisions to migrate?

answer

higher wage rates in the sending country

question

In response to the lack of support for women in the public sphere, women in Italy have __________.

answer

resisted marriage and motherhood

question

Which of the following statements about parenthood does research confirm is false?

answer

Parents spend less time with their children than they did decades ago.

question

A norm can best be defined as a(n) __________.

answer

basic rule of society

question

Maria and Manno both work full time. Maria gets off work at 4:00, picks up her kids from her sister's house, and returns home to start the laundry. She makes dinner for her family and checks her children's homework. Maria's scenario is an example of the housework and care work that sociologists call __________.

answer

the second shift

question

Under U.S. immigration law, a legal immigrant __________ to be eligible to sponsor a married daughter or son for immigration to the United States.

answer

must obtain citizenship status

question

Earl is married and has two children. His spouse and his children comprise his __________.

answer

family of procreation

question

What is the deviant behavior of those people complicit in the 2008 U.S. financial crisis?

answer

deceptive subprime loans made to people who could not pay off their mortgages

question

The rise in \"moral crusades\" has resulted in a rise in arrests. (True or False)

answer

True

question

Social control requires both __________ and __________.

answer

rewards; punishments

question

Sociologist Arlie Hochschild attributes marital tensions that stem from second-shift inequality to women who __________.

answer

feel unappreciated and shortchanged

question

Ninety percent of all Americans eventually marry. (True or False)

answer

True

question

Today's proponents of retribution for argue that the punishment should factor on statistical evidence that suggests harsher sentencing will reduce future crimes. (True or False)

answer

False

question

Interested punishment can best be described as any measure to protect the interest made on the money owed to high-income individuals. (True or False)

answer

False

question

After the end of World War II, how did the government choose to regulate the flow of workers into the labor market and avoid high unemployment among former soldiers?

answer

by issuing the GI Bill

question

How long may foreign-born persons with F-1 student visas stay in the United States?

answer

until their course of study is completed

question

Societies punish offenders of criminal law for four primary reasons: (1) to exact retribution for the victims of criminal acts; (2) to deter offenders, and others, from committing crimes in the future; (3) to incapacitate or otherwise prevent offenders from committing; and (4) to __________.

answer

rehabilitate offenders

question

What is the most common reason that parents choose to home-school their children?

answer

to provide moral and religious instruction

question

How many classes of nonimmigrant visas does the United States authorize?

answer

23

question

Taylor and Ally are attending a home game to cheer on their favorite baseball team. Taylor, like the vast majority of fans in attendance, is wearing the home team's jersey. Ally is wearing a random T-shirt, that isn't even the team's color. Ally's behavior is __________.

answer

statistically deviant

question

Sociologists offer two competing explanations as to why people with more education reap larger socioeconomic rewards. What are they?

answer

socialization theory and allocation theory

question

What does allocation theory suggest about education?

answer

that education moves people along different routes that influence how much they earn

question

A social group simply requires social interaction and a mutual feeling that everyone thinks alike for the most part. (True or False)

answer

True

question

The growing use of digital technologies outside of school will ___________ in education and society.

answer

likely magnify existing inequalities

question

Women are far more likely than men to assume household duties in addition to working full-time jobs, an inequality that Arlie Hochschild has dubbed __________.

answer

the second shift

question

According to current ideology among social scientists, which of the following reasons best explains why the United States is experiencing mass incarceration and has a significantly higher incarceration rate than any other country?

answer

an increase in moral crusades against drugs and drug users and tougher political stances against crime and criminals

question

U.S. felons lose the right to vote in all 50 U.S. states. (True or False)

answer

False

question

Guards stationed at the Berlin Wall had orders to __________.

answer

shoot to kill anyone attempting to leave East Germany

question

What percentage of U.S. college students attends public nonprofit colleges and universities?

answer

75 percent

question

Johanna's parents and her two sisters comprise her __________.

answer

family of orientation

question

5. The economic restructuring perspective on family change asserts that __________.

answer

economic forces have eroded the breadwinner-homemaker family

question

43. Which of the following is the least likely to be both a symbolic boundary and physical boundary?

answer

a railroad track

question

Education in the United States is a single, uniform system that is available to every child in the same way. (True or False)

answer

False

question

When a group of girls determine that others can join their group only if they are gay, they are _________.

answer

establishing a negative affirmation

question

If the desire to migrate is strongest among the healthiest individuals in a sending country, sociologists say that __________.

answer

selection on health is positive

question

Foreign-born persons living in the United States who become citizens have undergone what process?

answer

naturalization

question

During the polarizing trend in gender roles that proceeded from industrialization, the process in which women became responsible for emotional and caretaking duties to the exclusion of men has been termed __________.

answer

the feminization of love

question

__________ is the practice of marriage of one individual to two or more other individuals.

answer

Polygamy

question

The average full professors at OSU receives an annual salary of less than $75,000 per year. (True or False)

answer

False

question

The \"opt-out revolution\" refers to __________.

answer

women who leave the workplace to care for their children

question

Prosperous and white children are __________ as poor or minority children to attend private schools.

answer

two times as likely

question

The transition of opiate use from an acceptable, if often abused pain reliever to that of a pleasure-seeking drug also saw a change _________.

answer

in the demographics of the user to that of working-class—and very often black—males

question

What percentage of Americans eventually chooses to marry?

answer

90

question

Based on 2007 census data, __________ spent the most and __________ spent the least per pupil to educate elementary and secondary students

answer

New York; Utah

question

Which of the following recent immigrants is more likely to have a better chance of assimilating fully into his or her new country's society?

answer

Anna, who struggles with her new language, is enjoying participating in the local customs, and is happy to have a good job and a nice apartment near her new friends

question

In 2002, 90 percent of Americans agreed that __________ is quite important or extremely important as a marker that defines adulthood.

answer

completing formal schooling

question

The pay gap between high school and college graduates has been narrowing since the late 1970s. (True or False)

answer

False

question

Among foreign-born persons living in the United States, which of the following may NOT be authorized to work?

answer

unauthorized migrants

question

__________ is the act of leaving a place.

answer

Emigration

question

8. Why were the reprehensible acts (humiliation, cultural disrespect, torture, etc.) at the Abu Ghraib prison not a clear case of institutional deviance?

answer

The U.S. military blamed the sadistic tendencies of individual soldiers, not the chain of command.

question

In 2010, how many people lived outside of the country where they were born?

answer

about 216 million

question

Socialization theory sees education as channeling people into positions or institutions that offer different opportunities for continuing to think, learn, and earn.

answer

False

question

The __________ is the term popularly used to describe the social, economic, and cultural gap between those with effective access to information technology and those without such access.

answer

digital divide

question

One of the liberalizing outcomes of the sexual revolution was the __________.

answer

destigmatization of premarital sex

question

Educational systems around the world differ in three important ways:

answer

access, control and funding, and private versus public education

question

Of the following, which is the least plausible reason why children would be left behind in a sending country when their parents migrate?

answer

Children who have not seen the hardships of illegality are not equipped for new lives in a foreign country.

question

The research on divorce indicates that _________.

answer

some children benefit from divorce

question

Liz and Rachel were inseparable childhood friends but drifted apart after high school. Liz took a couple of community college classes, and Rachel earned a bachelor's degree. Considering only the extent of their postsecondary educational attainment, which of the following future outcomes seems most plausible for Liz and Rachel?

answer

Liz suffers from more illnesses throughout her life than does Rachel.

question

Christine Whelan's research (2008) found that the most important trait that men seek in prospective wives is good looks. (True or False)

answer

False

question

Important push factors that drive people to leave their home countries include economic hardship or political strife in the receiving country. (True or False)

answer

False

question

Which statement best characterizes the second immigration era in U.S. history (1875-1920)?

answer

The second immigration era in U.S. history can be best characterized as a period when there were no numerical limitations on immigration, only a growing set of exclusions.

question

What kinds of factors should be taken into account when planning the future of U.S. immigration?

answer

ease of understanding and of implementing immigration regulations

question

Differences in achievement test scores can be explained, in part, by the differences in the courses that students take, especially in which three subjects?

answer

math, science, and foreign language

question

Mr. Pearson has the largest class of second graders he has ever had and is struggling to meet the wide variety of needs represented by a diverse group of students. How might he make the best use of technology in his classroom?

answer

distribute digital pens to each student so that he can precisely identify every step of each student's work

question

Which of the following parts of the world has egalitarian parental supports, providing paid parental leaves, universal day care, and free education regardless of who you are?

answer

Scandinavia

question

The extended time it now takes to complete the transition from adolescence to adulthood is called __________ by some sociologists and __________ by others.

answer

delayed adulthood; the age of independence

question

What criminal activity ultimately brought Enron executives to justice?

answer

false profit reporting

question

Since Linda's mother has been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, she has had to take a leave from her job to care for her. Linda's days consist of cooking and cleaning for her mother, giving her mother her medication, and driving her to doctor's appointments. What kind of work is Linda now engaged in?

answer

care work

question

Recognizing that a person has personal space is recognizing a social norm. (True or False)

answer

True

question

Deviance and control always constitute a paired relationship that consists of the __________ and __________.

answer

individual; group

question

The decision to emigrate and the consequences of immigrating are the result of __________.

answer

individual motivations and personalities and social structures

question

Of the following indicators, which is generally considered a poor sign of assimilation?

answer

whether immigrants are spatially concentrated

question

In 2006, for the first time in U.S. history, the Census Bureau __________.

answer

reported that less than half of U.S. households contained a married couple

question

Our earliest encounter with what is perceived to be normality is, essentially, that of __________.

answer

parents and the like

question

Evidence suggests that one of the following statements about the relationship of education to health and life expectancy is false. Which is it?

answer

More highly educated people who smoke are less likely to quit.

question

Who is more likely to be home-schooled?

answer

white school-age children

question

Which family form is the numerical majority in the present-day United States?

answer

There is no numerical majority.

question

The rise of industrialization in the nineteenth century fostered the rise of __________.

answer

conjugal families

question

When it comes to drug-related offenses, compared to whites, blacks are __________ more likely to serve a prison sentence.

answer

three times

question

In inflation adjusted dollars, between 1987 and 2012 the amount of tuition paid by the average student at a state school in the US.

answer

More than doubled.

question

A norm is a social construct that exists when it is not just understood, but in a bill of rights or a similar document. (True or False)

answer

False

question

Theo went to a prestigious private high school and, afterward, attended a well-respected university, where he earned a degree in finance. After working at a reputable firm for a few years, Theo branched out on his own. As a financial planner in private practice, Theo was sure he knew exactly what each of his new clients needed but had trouble making them understand his precise instructions. Every client eventually left him, saying that he was brilliant with figures but not so bright with people. Which of the following concepts would Theo's clients likely emphasize when describing their dealings with him?

answer

his lack of \"soft skills\"

question

Simply put, to be a \"deviant\" entails __________.

answer

Simply put, to be a \"deviant\" entails __________.

question

Countries that have high numbers of emigrants are said to be sending countries. (True or False)

answer

True

question

A negative affirmation is synonymous with excluded behaviors. (True or False)

answer

True

question

The nuclear family consists of the people linked to us by birth—our parents, siblings, and extended kin. (True or False)

answer

False

question

What are advances in web technologies dubbed Web 3.0 expected to do?

answer

make finding nearby restaurants possible

question

In the case of the \"naked guy,\" Andrew Martinez, who or what ultimately decided that he could no longer walk about the Berkeley campus without clothes?

answer

public opinion (i.e., his fellow students)

question

Felix's family recently moved from a small town to a big city, where he is now \"the new kid\" at his high school. Eager to figure out where and how to fit in, Felix observed the school's informal cliques. He quickly learned that each group had its own way of defining themselves as well as labeling other groups outside its own territory. Felix was identifying the __________ of these groups.

answer

symbolic boundaries

question

What percentage of PhDs in science working in the United States were born abroad?

answer

40 percent

question

In 2012 Oregon's state contribution of $3,911 per student was higher than the national average. (True or False)

answer

Fasle

question

On the SAT reasoning test, why is the male sample of test-takers NOT readily comparable to the female sample?

answer

Fewer males than females take the SAT reasoning test.

question

Highly selective colleges and universities appear to be relying more on total online instruction than less selective universities. (True or False)

answer

False

question

Which of the following statements about refugee or asylum status is true?

answer

A referral for refugee status can be sought only from outside the United States.

question

Why was the Bracero Program started?

answer

to stem labor shortages, especially in agriculture and railroad maintenance, in the years after World War II

question

A church door is a symbolic border, but the border between Canada and the United States is purely physical. (True or False)

answer

False

question

Which of the following is an example of statistical deviance?

answer

A man decides to sing loudly while he is shopping for groceries.

question

Establishing coed bathrooms will always violate a social norm. (True or False)

answer

False

question

The rise of industrialization fostered the rise of a new family unit, the \"conjugal family.\" (True or False)

answer

True

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