Soc 201 Chapters 8-9 – Flashcards
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Most married adults in the United States are sexually unfaithful to their spouses at some point in their marriages. True or False?
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False
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During the twentieth century, U.S. society experienced profound changes in sexual attitudes and practices. True or False?
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True
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The publication of Alfred Kinsey's first book in 1948 received considerable attention because scientists were actually studying sex. True or False?
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True
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Sexual attraction to people of both sexes is called ________
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Bisexuality
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One norm found everywhere is the incest taboo, which refers to norms forbidding ________
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sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives.
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A reason to study sexuality using the sociological perspective is ________
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sexuality is both an important and controversial element of social life.
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Survey research on attitudes towards premarital sex tells us that ________
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the public is more accepting of premarital sex than it was a generation ago.
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Pornography is ________
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very popular in the United States.
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Teenage pregnancy raises the risk of girls not finishing school and becoming poor. True or False?
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True
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Many people call prostitution a victimless crime because ________
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they believe that adults should be able to do as they please as long as no one is harmed.
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If you often have the feeling of being "trapped in the wrong body," you might be ________
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a transsexual.
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The campus culture of "hooking up" involves sexual relationships between partners who ________
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know little about each other.
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Homosexuality and heterosexuality are mutually exclusive, meaning that all people fall into one category or the other. True or False?
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False
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Based on what you know about the history of human sexuality, once a society gains birth-control technology ________
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social norms regarding sexuality become more permissive.
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Homophobia refers to a fear of sexuality. True or False?
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False
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Every state in the United States permits lawful marriage between a woman and a man who are first cousins. True or False?
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False
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The development of breasts in females and deeper voices in males are examples of ________
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secondary sex characteristics.
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A common myth is that ________
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in most cases of rape, the victim does not know the attacker.
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If you were to study the changing meaning of virginity over the last century in our society, you would discover that the norm stating that people remain virgins until marriage ________
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has become weaker.
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The effect of the sexual counterrevolution was ________
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to encourage people to limit their number of sexual partners or, in some cases, to abstain from sex entirely.
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Elite prostitutes-young, attractive, and well-educated women-are widely referred to as ________
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call girls or escorts.
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Primary sex characteristics refer to reproductive organs. True or False?
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True
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A widespread-but false-idea about rape is that ________
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women who are raped must have encouraged their attackers.
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Standards of human beauty are exactly the same for people everywhere in the world. True or False?
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False
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Sexual attraction to someone of the same sex is called ________
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homosexuality.
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_________ refers to the illegal actions of a corporation or people acting on its behalf.
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Corporate crime
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The basic idea behind labeling theory is that ________
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deviance arises not so much from what people do as how others respond to what they do.
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Women commit ________
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a far smaller share of crimes than men.
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The formal system that responds to alleged violations of the law using police, courts, and prison officials is called ________
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the criminal justice system.
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Edwin Sutherland's differential association theory links deviance to ________
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the amount of contact a person has with others who encourage or discourage conventional behavior.
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Every person charged with a crime in the United States is sentenced after receiving a trial by jury. True or False?
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False
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"Primary deviance" refers to the most serious offenses. True or False?
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False
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Assume you were listening to a lecture on Durkheim's approach to deviance. The focus of the lecture might be that ________
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deviance is a normal element of social organization.
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The concept of criminal recidivism refers to ________
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later offenses by people previously convicted of crimes.
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What is considered deviant is mostly the same behavior all around the world. True or False?
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False
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Organized crime refers to ________
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any business that supplies illegal goods or services.
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An example of the "medicalization of deviance" is ________
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theft being redefined as a "compulsive stealing."
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Based on your reading, it would be correct to say that biological approaches offer ________
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a very limited understanding of crime.
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"Crimes against the person" includes all but ________
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burglary.
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The old saying, "An eye for an eye," expresses the idea underlying the policy of rehabilitation. True or False?
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False
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Criminal statistics gathered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation reflect ________
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offenses known to the police.
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"Crime" differs from "deviance" in that crime ________
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refers to a violation of norms enacted into law.
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If a parent threatens a child with punishment in order to discourage wrongdoing, the parent is using punishment to accomplish ________
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deterrence.
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"Due process" means handling alleged offenders within the bounds of the law. True or False?
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True
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"The recognized violation of cultural norms" refers to the concept of ________
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deviance.
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Crime is only one type of deviance. True or False?
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True
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Crime committed by persons of high social position during the course of their occupations is called ________
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white-collar crime.
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A hate crime is defined as ________
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a criminal act motivated by race or other bias.
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In legal terms, a crime is composed of which two components?
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The act and criminal intent
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In Robert Merton's strain theory of deviance, ___________ refers to the process of seeking conventional goals but rejecting the conventional means to achieve them.
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Innovation
