Soc 101 final 3+4 – Flashcards
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Girish is a husband, a son, an entrepreneur, and an amateur ornithologist. A sociologist would say that these statuses or positions make up Girish's. a. role b. social class c. status set d. culture
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c
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_____ lay(s) out what is expected of people. a. roles b. sociology c. master status d. status
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a
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_____ refer(s) to the standard or usual ways that a society meets its basic needs. a. religion b. status c. social class d. social institutions
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d
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Daughter, son, father, and mother are examples of statuses associated with which social institution? a. the family b. medicine c. religion d. peer groups
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a
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Who believes that social institutions were originally designed to meet basic survival needs? a. conflict theorists b. functional theorists c. both conflict and functional theorists d. symbolic interactionists
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c
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Emile Durkheim was interested in how societies united their members by shared values and other social bonds to produce. a. social dissolution b. aggregation c. dissonance d. social integration
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d
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To interpret _____, we consider facial expressions, posture, and gestures. a. macrosociology b. body language c. stereotypes d. generalizations
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b
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Erving Goffman used the term _____ to mean that social life is like a drama or a stage play. a. proscenium b. dramaturgy c. movie d. rehearsal
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b
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_____ refers to our efforts to manage the impressions that others receive of us. a. front stage b. dramaturgy c. impression management d. back stage
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c
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According to Goffman's scheme, we have _____ where we can have some privacy and let our hair down. a. front stages b. bleachers (audience) c. back stages d. precast dramas
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c
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Role strain is: a. conflict between roles b. conflict within a role c. compatibility between roles d. a vain attempt to find a role
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b
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Erving Goffman was a: a. conflict theorist b. functionalist theorist c. symbolic-interactionist d middle-range theorist
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c
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The social construction of reality theory states that through our _____, we construct what for us is reality. a. ethnomethdology b. interaction with others c. role reversal d. definition of the situation
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b
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Macrosociology is most compatible with which sociological perspective? a. symbolic-interactionism b. conflict and functionalist theory c. the social construction of reality d. the Thomas therom
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b
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Who surrounds themselves with a personal bubble (personal space)? a. no one b. children only c. adults up to middle age d. everyone
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d
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For Durkheim, _____ referred to the way that people who perform similar tasks develop a shared way of viewing life. a. mechanical solidarity b. impromptu solidarity c. organic solidarity d. social cohesion
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a
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_____ is the violation of norms. a. negative sanction b. deviance c. social control d. stigma
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b
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_____ violate(s) rules that are written into law. a. crime b. deviance c. personality disorder d. social order
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a
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_____ refers to blemishes that discredit a person's claim to a "normal" identity. a. crime b. norm c. deviance d. stigma
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d
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A group's _____, or customary social arrangements, is brought about by norms. a. social order b. deviance c. crime d. stigma
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a
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Because deviance undermines predictability, a system of _____ was developed to enforce the norms. a. street crime b. sociology c. social control d. assumption reinforcement
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c
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Ted gave a talk to his high school class that was laced with humor and understanding and showed that he really grasped the important points in the history of the French Revolution, which was what his history class was studying. When he was finished, Ted was praised by his teacher as well as by several classmates. The praise was an example of a: a. norm b. positive sanction c. stigmatization d. negative sanction
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b
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There are a variety of ways to approach deviance. _____ look for answers within individuals, such as a possible genetic predisposition to deviance. a. all sociologists b. conflict theorists c. sociobiologists d. psychologists
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c
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Edward Sutherland used the term _____ to indicate that people who associate with some groups learn an excess of definitions of deviance, increasing the likelihood that they will become deviant. a. control theory b. labeling theory c. primary deviance d. differential association
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d
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Symbolic interactionists stress that we: a. are prisoners of socialization b. in effect, are pawns in the hands of others c. help to produce our own orientation to life d. are predestined to think and act as our groups dictate
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c
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In control theory, how many control systems are in place to work against our tendencies to deviate? a. none b. one c. two d. three
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c
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The _____ our bonds are with society, the _____ our inner controls are. a. weaker; more effective b. weaker; less relevant c. stronger; more effective d. stronger; less effective
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c
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_____ states that the labels people are given affect their own and others' perceptions of them, thus channeling their behavior into either deviance or conformity. a. deviance theory b. labeling theory c. control theory d. differential association
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b
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According to functionalists, deviance _____ social unity. a. encourages b. has no impact upon c. destroys d. discourages
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a
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In strain theory, institutionalized means are: a. rejected b. approved ways of reaching cultural goals c. unapproved ways of reaching cultural goals d. outmoded
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b
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The _____ refers to opportunities for crimes that are woven into the texture of life. a. illegitimate opportunity structure b. strain theory c. legitimate opportunity structure d. social disorder theory
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a
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The system of police, courts, and prisons set up to deal with people who are accused of having committed a crime is known as: a. favoring the poor b. the criminal justice system c. a mockery d. class blind and color blind
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b
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The term capital punishment refers to: a. white-collar crime b. nonviolent crime c. the death penalty d. the dying process
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c
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In the medicalization of deviance, deviance becomes a symptom of some underlying illness that demands treatment by: a. the court b. sociologists c. the police d. physicians
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d
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Serial murder is defined as the killing of several victims in _____ or more separate events. a. three b. five c. eight d. fifteen
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a
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the idea that behavior can predicted based on the shape of one's skull was referred to as: a. maternal impression b. psychology c. phrenology d. anthropometrics
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c
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the "i" vs the "me"
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i: subjective, how you see yourself, Me: Objective, how other people see you
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