SED443 final part 2 – Flashcards
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1) Students with LD A) are less aware of the steps of the writing process. B) are less sure of the procedures for organizing written text. C) are more dependent on teacher feedback regarding their writing. D) have more difficulties with the mechanics of writing. E) all of the above
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E
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2) Writing conventions include A) spelling, punctuation, and capitalization. B) prewriting, editing, and revising. C) reviewing and proofreading. D) manuscript and cursive. E) all of the above
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A
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3) Mr. Lawrence provides lessons in specific writing skills for 15-20 minutes each day to his third-grade class. Which of these topics would be appropriate to include in his focused writing skill lesson? A) Using quotation marks B) Using the strategy of summarizing for comprehension monitoring C) Using intonation while reading D) Repeated reading to increase fluency E) all of the above
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A
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4) All of the following are true about writing skill instruction except A) Focus on writing conventions facilitates writing. B) Even young children should be taught writing and spelling conventions. C) Twenty percent of instructional time in writing should be devoted to writing conventions. D) Writing conventions should be less emphasized for students with LD because they have negative associations with writing. E) Systematic and explicit instruction is necessary for teaching writing conventions.
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D
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5) What percentage of instructional time should be devoted to instruction in writing conventions for students with learning disabilities? A) 10 percent B) 20 percent C) 40 percent D) 60 percent E) 100 percent
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B
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6) Which of the following instructional concepts should be mastered first in writing development? A) Capital letters in place names B) Colons in sentences C) Quotation marks in titles D) End of sentence punctuation E) Commas in a series of adjectives
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D
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7) Which of the following indicates a way to monitor progress in writing for a first-grade student? A) Monitor the total number of words written. B) Monitor the number of words spelled correctly. C) Monitor the punctuation. D) Monitor the types of writing that the child engages in independently. E) all of the above
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E
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8) Peers can assist with A) revising a composition. B) refining a topic of a composition. C) reviewing spelling words. D) editing a composition. E) all of the above
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E
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9) The process of prewriting includes A) collecting information about a topic by observing, remembering, interviewing, and/or reading. B) forming a draft of the composition. C) revising the composition. D) both A and B E) all of the above
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A
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10) Mr. Poe tells his class, "Imagine you have been given a million dollars by a long lost relative. Think about how you would spend the money. Would you spend it on yourself or on others? Would you by lots of things or would you spend money of experiences like going to Disney World? I want you to make a list of things you would do with your money. You will not have to write about all of these things. The purpose of this exercise is to brainstorm and think of as many ideas as you can. Go ahead and write." Mr. Poe is engaging his class in a A) revising activity. B) editing activity. C) prewriting activity. D) modeling activity. E) cooperative learning activity.
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C
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11) Graphic organizers can be used in the writing process in which way? A) As a method to assist with brainstorming B) As semantic maps C) As story frames D) As structured organizers E) all of the above
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E
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12) Cue cards are most often used to assist during which component of the writing process? A) Prewriting B) Revising C) Composing D) Editing E) Publishing
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C
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13) When writing sentences and paragraphs, students with learning behavior problems must be taught which of the following explicitly? A) How to add vivid words and lively verbs B) How to combine short and choppy sentences C) How to reduce long and run-on sentences D) How to read and revise to add meaning E) all of the above
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E
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14) The strategy of "box and explode" is used to assist with which component of the writing process? A) Prewriting B) Revising C) Composing D) Editing E) Publishing
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B
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15) Whereas revision focuses mainly on content, editing focuses on A) publishing. B) mechanics. C) organization. D) expanding. E) brainstorming.
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B
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16) What factors may influence the writing of an English language learner (ELL)? A) Knowledge of English language structure B) Knowledge of English vocabulary C) Knowledge of conventions of word writing D) Understanding of word use E) all of the above
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E
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17) Fun and simple activities that families could do to help promote their children's writing are: A) Spell with letter blocks or magnetic letters. B) Help children make labels for their room. C) Go on a word walk. D) Have them make a grocery list. E) all of the above
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E
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18) Which of the following is true concerning writing conferences? A) Conferences should cover, at least briefly, all parts of the student's writing. B) It is helpful to prepare a list of questions to ask each writer during conferences. C) Writing conferences provide the best opportunity for focusing on mechanical errors such as spelling and punctuation. D) Conferring is at the heart of the writing process. E) all of the above
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E
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19) All of the following are advantages to using a computer to facilitate writing except A) Computers make revising and editing easier. B) Computers provide spell-checking features. C) Computers produce neat copies that enhance readability. D) Computers can assist students in using accurate paragraph and sentence structures. E) Computers can allow for easy error correction.
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D
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21) Spelling is difficult in English because A) words are generally longer than in other languages. B) words are derived from a variety of different languages. C) there is not a one-to-one correspondence between the individual sounds of spoken words and the letters of written ones. D) there are many compound words. E) all of the above
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C
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22) Mr. Epstein is doing an error analysis of a student's work. One of the sentences in a student's composition is: "When he wnt to the pet stor, he cudn't decid betwen the two pets so he got both of them." This sentence reflects which error pattern? A) Reversal of consonant or vowel directionality B) Omission of letters C) Reversal of consonant order D) Reversal of whole words E) Addition of unneeded letters
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B
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23) What can a teacher do to determine the appropriate spelling approach to teach a student with learning disabilities? A) Analyze the student's errors on a spelling test. B) Analyze the student's errors on a writing sample. C) Observe the student as he or she writes. D) Interview the student. E) all of the above
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E
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24) What is the cause of spelling difficulties for most students with learning and behavior disorders? A) Poor phonological processing skills B) Visual memory problems C) Handwriting difficulties D) Ineffective instruction E) Neurological deficits
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A
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25) Spelling words should A) be introduced in a group of 20 words at the beginning of each week. B) include words that are unfamiliar to the child. C) include words that the student is unable to read. D) include high-frequency words. E) all of the above
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D
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1) Which of the following is true about vocabulary knowledge? A) Poor vocabulary knowledge is a cause of poor reading achievement. B) Students who know fewer words also lack depth of word knowledge. C) Good readers in the first grade know twice as many words as poor readers in the first grade. D) Good readers gain vocabulary faster than poor readers. E) all of the above
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E
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2) The words that reader recognizes in listening and uses in speaking are called A) receptive vocabulary. B) expressive vocabulary. C) oral vocabulary. D) reading vocabulary. E) writing vocabulary.
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C
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3) What are the two main approaches for teaching vocabulary? A) Indirect versus direct B) Audiovisual method versus multisensory method C) Thematic versus incidental D) Expressive technique versus receptive technique E) Oral versus reading
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A
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4) All of the following are true about teaching and learning vocabulary words except A) Indirect vocabulary learning occurs from hearing and seeing words in the environment. B) Students with learning and behavior problems are just as likely to learn vocabulary indirectly than their average achieving peers. C) It is important that teachers promote indirect learning of vocabulary in addition to providing direct instruction. D) Direct instruction provides opportunities for students to learn words that they may not pick up incidentally. E) Not all words in a text can be taught directly.
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B
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5) How many vocabulary words should be taught each week to students? A) 1-3 B) 5-7 C) 7-10 D) 15-20 E) 20-25
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C
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6) High utility words are A) words that students will encounter in a variety of contexts. B) words that will assist students in understanding a particular text. C) words that are used all the time by very young children. D) both A and B E) all of the above
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D
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7) Which type of context clue can be used to determine the meaning of "gregarious" in this sentence? "The husband and wife were very different. Al was reserved and shy but Sophie was very gregarious." A) Definition B) Synonym C) Description D) Contrast E) Comparison
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D
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8) In the following sentence, what type of context clue allows the reader to understand the word "amiable"? "Lucy was very friendly. In fact, she was so amiable that she had more friends than she could count." A) Synonym B) Contrast C) Description D) Definition E) Explicit
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A
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9) The use of contextual analysis and morphemic analysis are considered A) writing strategies. B) word-learning strategies. C) instructional methods for specific word instruction. D) fluency strategies. E) all of the above
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B
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10) Learning prefixes are easier than learning suffixes because A) prefixes generally have clearer meanings than suffixes. B) prefixes are spelled more regularly than suffixes. C) prefixes are shorter than suffixes. D) both A and B E) all of the above
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D
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11) What type of morpheme is "re" in the word "replace"? A) Root B) Suffix C) Bound D) Free E) Base word
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C
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12) Describe the types of morphemes that are in the word unsuccessful. A) One prefix and one suffix B) Two affixes C) One prefix, one free morpheme and one suffix D) Two prefixes and one free morpheme E) Three bound morphemes
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C
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13) Which of the following is a recommended practice for teaching affixes (morphemic analysis)? A) Incorporate morphemic analysis instruction in at least 50 percent of writing instruction. B) Only 1 or 2 prefixes or suffixes should be introduced at a time. C) Focus more on morphemic analysis for younger than for older students. D) Morphemic analysis works with an unlimited set of words. E) none of the above
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B
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14) The most important consideration in selecting words for vocabulary instruction is to choose words that A) have a high impact on learning and instruction. B) the student can already read and spell. C) can be analyzed morphologically. D) are conceptually related to each other. E) have similar spelling patterns.
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A
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15) Brad is a second grader who has heard the word "economy" and knows that it has something to do with money. However, he is unable to define the word or use it in a sentence. His partial understanding of this word illustrates which characteristic of vocabulary words and vocabulary knowledge? A) English has many synonyms. B) Words have multiple meanings. C) A dictionary definition of a word is often more complicated than the word itself. D) Concepts can be categorized. E) There are different levels of word knowledge.
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E
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16) Content enhancements are techniques to help students A) identify salient information. B) organize information. C) comprehend content information. D) both A and B E) all of the above
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E
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17) Vocabulary is one of the most difficult areas of reading to assess because it entails A) knowing how many words students know. B) knowing which words they know and don't know. C) knowing whether they know one or more meanings and can use them. D) both A and B E) all of the above
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E
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18) Mr. Lawrence is about to start a unit on the American Revolution. He has several students with LD in his class and some students who are English language learners. What is his first step in getting ready to teach the chapter? A) Have the students make predictions about what will happen in the chapter. B) Instruct the students to make graphic organizers of the framework of the chapter. C) Select the major concepts and related vocabulary to be taught. D) Have the students preview the chapter. E) Have the students monitor their comprehension while reading the chapter.
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C
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19) Selecting the vocabulary and concepts to teach depends on A) the teacher's expertise in the content area. B) the teacher's knowledge of the structure of the textbook information and framework. C) the students' reading ability. D) the students' background and vocabulary knowledge. E) all of the above
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E
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20) Which of the following is true about textbooks? A) Textbooks provide the structure for 65-90 percent of secondary classroom instruction. B) Textbooks always explicitly state main ideas. C) Textbooks are easy to read because of the graphics and structure. D) Textbooks highlight words to represent important concepts. E) all of the above
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A
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21) Most readability formulas are based on A) sentence complexity as measured by sentence length. B) paragraph difficulty as measured by the number of sentences in a paragraph. C) word difficulty as indexed by word length or frequency. D) both A and C E) all of the above
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D
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22) Readability formulas should be used cautiously and as only one aspect of evaluating a text because A) the standard error of measurement typical of readability formulas may result in a plus or minus 1.5 grade level variability rate of any grade level obtained. B) readability formulas do not take into account the reader's background knowledge. C) readability formulas do not consider reader's interest in the topic. D) readability formulas do not consider the reader's knowledge of technical vocabulary. E) all of the above
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E
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23) What characteristics should be used in evaluating textbooks and texts? A) Text organization B) Audience appropriateness C) Coherence D) Explicitness of main ideas E) all of the above
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E
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24) The FLIP chart strategy is used to help students learn to A) summarize text. B) evaluate text. C) skim through text to answer comprehension questions. D) preview text. E) use text for research.
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B
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25) Which of the following plays a critical role in determining how effective students will comprehend and retain any information and vocabulary presented? A) advance organizers. B) background knowledge. C) morphemic analysis. D) context analysis. E) explicit instruction.
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B
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1) Many students who have learning disabilities and experience difficulty with mathematics tend to A) do well applying money concepts despite their difficulties in other areas. B) do well with spatial relations. C) have good memory skills despite their difficulties understanding mathematical concepts. D) have difficulty shifting from one task or operation to the next. E) have more difficulty with basic concepts than with word problems.
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D
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2) Which of the following is not a variable identified by Kosc (1981) as significantly influencing mathematics ability? (pp440) A) Sensory and motor ability (gross and fine motor skills) B) Psychological factors (intelligence/cognitive ability and cognitive learning strategies) C) Education factors (quality and amount of prior instruction) D) Personality factors (persistence, self-concept, and attitudes toward math) E) Unique neuropsychological patterns (perception and neurological trauma)
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A
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3) What factors influence math ability in individuals? A) Psychological factors B) Education factors C) Personality factors D) Neuropsychological factors E) all of the above
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E
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4) Comprehensive math programming includes which of the following? A) Teaching a full range of mathematics skills B) Teaching mathematics concepts and vocabulary C) Teaching basic facts along with applied problems D) Following the guidelines of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) E) all of the above
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E
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5) Individualized programming means A) providing independent work for individual students. B) providing computerized programs so that students can learn individually. C) providing instruction that is designed to meet the individual needs of a student. D) working with students individually. E) making changes to the curriculum to accommodate each student.
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C
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6) The term "situated cognition" refers to the principle that students A) will learn complex ideas and concepts in the contexts in which they occur in day-to-day life. B) learn best when they are given time to reflect upon their learning processes. C) benefit from constructing meaning from interacting with people around them. D) perform optimally within their zone of proximal development. E) need scaffolding to achieve the highest level of thinking.
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A
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7) Students in Mr. Poe's class were given a worksheet to identify the missing number in a sequence. Mr. Poe told the students to do only the first problem. After they completed the first problem, they were to check it and make any necessary changes. If they thought that their answer to problem one was correct, they were to put a small check by the answer. If they thought that it was incorrect, they should mark a small "i" next to the answer. By this activity, Mr. Poe is teaching his students to A) edit their work. B) check their work and monitor their errors. C) complete problems quickly and efficiently. D) ask him questions when they do not know the answer. E) use assistive devices.
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B
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8) If a student is not succeeding with one approach or program, the teacher should A) refer the student for a full evaluation. B) provide extra homework for practice. C) place the student in Tier 3 instruction. D) change the approach or program. E) all of the above
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D
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9) To practice using percentages, Mr. Lawrence had his students record their spending habits in an Excel spreadsheet. Each time a student bought something, they had to record the purchase under the appropriate category (e.g., food, clothes, entertainment). At the end of the month, the students needed to figure out the percentage of their spending for each of these categories. This activity is based on which principle of instruction? A) Situated cognition B) Goal setting C) Behavior modification D) Schema theory E) Classification theory
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A
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10) According to a report by the National Research Council (2001), "Strategic competence" is a part of mathematical proficiency that refers to (pp445) A) the understanding of mathematic concepts and operations. B) the ability to accurately and efficiently conduct operations and mathematics practices. C) the ability to formulate and conduct mathematical problems. D) thinking about, explaining, and justifying mathematical work. E) appreciating the useful and positive influences of understanding mathematics and how ones disposition towards mathematics influences success.
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C
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11) According to a report by the National Research Council (2001) "adaptive reasoning" is a part of mathematical proficiency that refers to (pp 445) A) the understanding of mathematic concepts and operations. B) the ability to accurately and efficiently conduct operations and mathematics. C) the ability to formulate and conduct mathematical problems. D) thinking about, explaining and justifying mathematical work. E) appreciating the useful and positive influences of understanding mathematics and how one's disposition towards mathematics influences success.
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D
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12) According to a report by the National Research Council (2001), "conceptual understanding" is a part of mathematical proficiency that refers to (pp445) A) understanding mathematic concepts and operations. B) being able to accurately and efficiently conduct operations and mathematical practices. C) the ability to formulate and conduct mathematical problems. D) thinking about, explaining, and justifying mathematical work. E) appreciating the useful and positive influences of understanding mathematics.
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A
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13) Mr. Lawrence has several students who speak Spanish in his class and who are from a variety of countries in Latin America. When trying to teach percentages, he brings into class some recent figures from the U.S. census on how many people speak more than one language at home. In teaching the math principles, Mr. Lawrence also uses Spanish words for percent, percentage, and fraction in addition to the English terms. By incorporating these techniques in his instruction on percentages, Mr. Lawrence is A) using applied mathematics. B) using data about other cultures to illustrate mathematical concepts. C) using the language of students in instruction. D) both B and C E) all of the above
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E
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14) The main advantage of group-administered math measures over individually administered math measures is that A) group-administered measures provide more specific information on an individual's performance as compared with their peers. B) group-administered measures take less time to administer. C) group-administered measures allow for more specific error analysis. D) group-administered measures are more accurate. E) group-administered measures can be used in reporting progress on IEPs.
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B
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15) What is CBM for math? A) A way of documenting the extent to which the student is learning the critical elements in the targeted curriculum B) A strategy to review mathematical facts C) A way to justify and explain the operations of solving word problems D) A standardized math assessment that is administered once a year E) A content-based approach for math instruction
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A
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16) The Woodcock Johnson III, the Wide Range Achievement Test, and the Comprehensive Math Assessment are A) curriculum-based measures. B) tests that assess comprehensive math performance. C) progress monitoring measures. D) math computation strategies. E) group administered measures.
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B
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17) Paul's teacher pretested all of his multiplication facts in random order, timing him while he completed a worksheet and graphing the number of problems correct. Together, they planned for Paul to take a version of this test every week to determine whether he could increase the number of problems he got correct and decrease the amount of time he needed to complete the test. They kept a graph of Paul's progress. In this activity, Paul and his teacher are A) using a curriculum-based measurement B) using assessment to motivate Paul. C) using assessment to chart Paulʹs progress. D) documenting the extent to which Paul is learning his multiplication facts. E) all of the above
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E
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18) Asking students to count to 20 and count by tens are ways to measure a student's A) abstract reasoning. B) problem solving skills. C) ability to justify mathematical work. D) skills in mathematical operations. E) number sense.
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E
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19) Mr. Poe holds flash cards of numbers and asks kindergarten students to say the numbers when they see them. This activity provides practice in A) computation. B) word problems. C) number identification. D) quantity discrimination. E) number writing.
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C
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20) Mr. Poe shows his students a pattern of numbers "5, 10, 15, ___, 25, 30, ___" and asks them to figure out what goes in the blanks. This activity provides practice in A) computation. B) word problems. C) number identification. D) quantity discrimination. E) identification of missing numbers.
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E
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21) Which of the following principles reflects the RTI model for math? A) Screening all students for math ability B) Providing evidence-based math instruction C) Providing interventions for students whose needs are not addressed by classroom instruction D) Regularly monitoring studentsʹ progress E) all of the above.
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E
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22) Mrs. Harris is a speech therapist who works with a group of kindergarten children to sort different ideas. She asks them to sort animals that swim and animals that live on land. This activity addresses which important prenumber skill? A) Seriation B) One-to-one correspondence C) Classification D) Numeration E) Labeling
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C
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23) Mrs. Gupta is a preschool teacher uses every opportunity to teach students the relationship between number words (e.g., one, two, three, four) and objects. For example, "Here are two paintbrushes: one for you and one for Madju." "There are six students in our group, and we need a book for each student." Which prenumber skill is she focusing on in these conversations? A) Seriation B) One-to-one correspondence C) Classification D) Numeration E) Labeling
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B
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24) The following are "prenumber" skills except A) one-to-one correspondence. B) classification. C) quantity discrimination. D) seriation. E) both C and D
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C
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25) Kendra is a kindergarten student who is asked to sort food by fruits and vegetables and then asked to sort those groups by size. This activity involves which ability? A) Classification B) Seriation C) Estimation D) both A and B E) all of the above
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D
