Science: The study of atoms and elements – Flashcards
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Anything that has mass and takes up space
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Matter
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Other than matter, everything else is:
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Energy
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(460-370 BC) Was a Greek philosopher who believed that the universe was made up of empty space and bits of 'stuff' that were so small they could no longer be divided.
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Democritus
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A French chemist who lived about 200 years after Democritus. Developed the Law of Conservation of Mass which states matter is not created or destroyed, it just changes form.
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Lavoiser
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Represents something that is too small or too large to be observed. For atoms, they make larger ____
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Model
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This scientist believes all matter is made up of one type of atom and atoms are too small to see with the "naked" eye.
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Dalton
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He discovered atoms can be divided into subatomic parts or smaller particles. Also discovered the electron and envisioned the atom to look like a [BLUEBERRY MUFFIN!!!]
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J.J. Thompson
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Discovered that the atom is made up of mostly empty space. Second, the atom has a positively charged center called the nucleus and the positively charged parts are protons.
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Rutherford
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This scientist found out that electrons are placed on energy levels. Highest-energy electrons are found furthest away from the nucleus and the low-energy ones were closer
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Bohr
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A student of Rutherford. He found the "neutron" a particle in the nucleus with no charge!
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Chadwick
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1. Proton 2. Neutron 3. Electron
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1 AMU, 1.001 AMUs and 1/1840 AMUs
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The overall charge of an atom
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Neutral
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Periods: Show how much shells or orbitals there are (min: 1 max: 7)
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The rows
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Groups: Made according to similar properties. 18 groups in total.
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The columns
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The name of the element represented by a chemical symbol that contains one to three letter to save time and space.
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Key
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The number on the top of the element key that is arranged in order of increasing ___________ and tells how much protons the element's atom has.
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Atomic Number
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Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons.
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Isotope
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The bottom of the Key stating the atomic mass of the element.
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Mass Number
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Formula for # of neutrons
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# of Neutrons= mass number - protons
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Formula for # of electrons
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The atomic mass or protons
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Two or more substances that lose their individual properties and DO have specific ratios; chemically combined; can only be chemically separated.
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Compound
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Two or more substances that keep their individual properties and DON'T have specific ratios; physically combine; parts can be separated physically and are just 'mixed together.'
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Mixtures
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Cannot see individual particles; well mixed; mixture looks the same throughout. Known as solution.
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Homogenous
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Can see individual particles; not well mixed; mixture does not look the same throughout
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Heterogeneous
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The substance that dissolves or seems to disappear.
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Solute
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The substance that dissolves the solute.
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Solvent
