SCIENCE 1101 – Flashcards
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Hypothesis
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A statement that attempts to explain a phenomenon or answer a scientific question
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Variables
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A condition that can change in an experiment
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Independent Variable
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The variable that scientists manipulate
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Dependent Variable
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The variable that is measure, and that is affected by the manipulation
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Control Variable
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The variable that has been left unmanipulated, to serve as point of comparison
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Theory
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Widely accepted, well tested explanation of one or more cause and effect relationships that has been extensively validated by a great amount of research
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Scientific or Natural Law
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A principle or body of laws considered as derived from nature, right reason, or religion (philosophy)
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Reproducibility
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Producing same result consistently to verify result (important to describe your experimental design in enough detail for others to perform same experiment
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Conformation Bias
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Seek out or give preference to evidence that supports your hypothesis only
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Matter
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All material in the universe that has mass and occupies space-solid, liquid, gas
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Element
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A fundamental type of matter, a chemical substance with a given set of properties that cannot be broken down into substances with other properties
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Compound
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A molecule composed of atoms of two or more different elements
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Atom
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Smallest units that maintain chemical properties of the element
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Ion
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An electronically charged atom or combination of atoms
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Cation
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Positive charge, ion has lost one or more electrons: Ca2+
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Anion
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Negative charge, ion has gained one or more electrons, CI-
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Ecosystem Services
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Our planet's ecological systems that purify air and water, cycle nutrients, regulate climate, pollinate plants, and receive/recycle our waste
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Isotope
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Atoms of the same element with different number neutrons
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Sustainability
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Guiding principle of environmental science, entailing to conserve resources, maintain functional ecological systems, and develop long term solutions
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Ozone
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A molecule consisting of three atoms of oxygen, absorbs ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere
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Environmental Science
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The study of how the natural world works, how our environment affects us and how we effect our environment. It's how the environment functions, not just the "study of life."
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What can science not address?
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Supernatural explanations Moral judgements aesthetic/value judgements "is there is God"
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Qualitative Data
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Behavior
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Quantitative Data
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How many of
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Experimental (Manipulative) Data
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Provides the strongest type of evidence, but cannot be run for all questions especially for large spatial scales
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Natural (Observational) Data
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Compare how dependent variables are expressed in different contexts, can do large scales-independent variable varies naturally
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Controlled Variable
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Any factor you control or hold consistent during an experiment
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Control Group
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Seperated from rest of experiment and arent exposed to independent variable
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How do scientists use scientific method?
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Make observations, ask questions, develop a hypothesis, make predictions, test predictions, analyze and interpret results
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Experimental Group
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Exposed to ind variable, group where experiment procedure is performed
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Why is peer review important in science?
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It is a valuable guard against faulty research contaminating the literature on which all scientists rely
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Psuedoscience
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A collection of beliefs or practices mistakenly regarded as being based on scientific method-set of ideas put forth as scientific that are not
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Radioactive Isotopes
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Radioactive and "decay" by changing their chemical identity as the shed subatomic particles and emit high energy radiation - they can break apart large, biochemically important molecules or change the structure of DNA
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Half Life
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The amount of time it takes for one-half of the atoms to give off radiation and decay
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How do atoms bond with one another?
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Atoms can bond together and form molecules and bond together b/c of an attraction for another's electrons-strength of this attraction varies among elements meaning atoms may hold together in different ways
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Dependent Variable is graphed on the?
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Y Axis
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Independent Variable is graphed on the?
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X Axis
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This number identifies whether an atom carries a charge as an ion or neutral
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Electron
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This number identifies the type of element
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Proton
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Bohr's ranking of electrons energy from highest to lowest?
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Third, second, first excited state, ground state
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What atomic # of an atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons?
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6
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What refers to the atoms with the same atomic # but different atomic masses?
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Isotopes
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Flourines atomic # is 9 and its atomic mass is 19. How many neutrons does he have?
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10
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An uncharged atom of Boron has an atomic # of 5 and an atomic mass of 11. How many protons does Boron have?
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5
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Electronically charged atoms, such as the form of the element calcium that is written Ca2+ are called?
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Ions
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Combos of two or more atoms, such as chemically bonded oxygen atoms are called?
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Molecules
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Atoms of the same element with different # of neutrons are called?
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Isotopes
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When two or more atoms of DIFFERENT elements bond, the resulting molecules are more specifically called?
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Compounds
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Some of these are radioactive and "decay" by losing subatomic particles and emitting radiation
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Isotopes
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Any material that occupies space and has mass is called?
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Matter
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What do radioisotopes do?
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Emit radiation as they decay into more stable atoms
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What is H2o considered?
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Compound
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Which type of bond join two hydrogen atoms?
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Covalent
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This refers to two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
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Molecule
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An atom can form up to how many single covalent bonds if there are four electrons on the outermost electron shell?
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Four
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If oxygen atoms are sharing two pairs of electrons, then what is joining them together?
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Double Covalent Bonds
