Rusenko 442 nuclear chemistry – Flashcards
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Unlock answers| fuel rods in a nuclear reactor are made of |
| uranium |
| What is used as a coolant inside the nuclear reactor |
| water |
| how does the nuclear plant create electricity? |
| using a turbine |
| What is SCRAM |
Emergency shutdown of a nuclear reactor
Stands for : Safety Control Rod Axe Man |
| What color of light has the most energy? |
| violet |
| What color of light has the least energy |
| red |
| Light is given off when |
| an excited electron goes back to a ground state electron |
| radiograph |
picture taken using gamma radiation
- can be used to detect a defect in a weld |
| Speed of different frequencies |
- same
- all frequencies and wavelengths travel at same speed
- gamma rays radio waves - same speed
|
| how do the energy of different frequencies compare? |
higher frequency -> more energy
gamma rays - most energy radio waves - least energy |
| relationship between frequency and wavelength |
inverse
higher frequency - shorter wavelength (gamma)
lower frequency - longer wavelength (radio) |
| half life |
| amount of time it takes for a radioactive sample to decrease by half |
| Heisenberg's Uncertainty principle |
| can never know the location and momentum of an electron |
| Schrodinger |
developed mathematical equation to predict most probably position of an electron ; - describes these probable positions as an electron cloud |
protons and neutrons can be broken down further into particles called ; |
leptons (lighter weight); ; and; ; hadrons (heavier); ; both are unstable - exist only in nuclear reactions |
| after one half-life has gone by |
| 50% of the radioactive material will remain |
| after a second half life |
25% of the radioactive material will remain ; 1st half life: 100% -; 50% ; 2nd half life: 50% -; 25% ; 3rd half life: 25% -; 12.5 % |
| control rods moderate the nuclear reaction by |
| absorbing neutrons |
| Is Uranium a naturally occurring element? |
| yes |
which has more energy: ; violet light or ultraviolet light |
| ultraviolet light |
| alpha radiation |
4 ;;;; He 2 ; ; ie.;;;;;;;;;; 238;;;;;;;;;; 234;;;;;;;;;;; 4 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; U; ---> Th + He 92 90 2
|
| Beta radiation |
0 e 1-
ex. 14 14 0 C ---> N + e 6 7 1- |
0 e 1-
ex. 14 14 0 C ---> N + e 6 7 1- |
beta radiation |
4 He 2
ie. 238 234 4 U ---> Th + He 92 90 2
|
| alpha radiation |
| gamma radiation |
γ high energy photon ex. 60 60 0 Co ---> Co + γ 27 27 0 |
γ high energy photon
ex. 60 60 0 Co ---> Co + γ 27 27 0
|
| gamma radiation |
0 e 1+
ex. 25 25 0 Al ---> Mg + e 13 12 1+ |
| positron |
0 e 1+
ex. 25 25 0 Al ---> Mg + e 13 12 1+ |
| positron |
| electron capture |
ex. 18 0 18 F + e ---> O 9 1- 8
notice - electron in the reactants! |
ex. 18 0 18 F + e ---> O 9 1- 8
notice - electron in the reactants! |
| electron capture |
| fission |
- starts when neutrons hit a heavy element and splits it into 2 smaller elements and extra neutrons
ex. 235 1 90 144 1 U + n --> Rb + Cs + 2 n 92 0 37 55 0
|
- starts when neutrons hit a heavy element and splits it into 2 smaller elements and extra neutrons
ex. 235 1 90 144 1 U + n --> Rb + Cs + 2 n 92 0 37 55 0 |
| fission |
| fusion |
"fusing" or combining 2 small nuclei into 1 larger nuclei
ex. 2 4 2 H ---> He 1 2
|
