RPR Medical Terminology – Flashcards
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Systems of the Human Body
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Skeletal system, muscular system, cirulatory system, digestive system, endocrine system, nervous system, respiratory system, urinary system, reproductive system, integumentary system
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Skeletal System
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The framework of the body, consisting of bones and other connective tissues, which protects and supports the body tissues and internal organs.
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Muscular System
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All the muscles in the body collectively, especially the voluntary skeletal muscles.
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Circulatory System
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The system of organs and tissues, including the heart, blood, blood vessels, lymph, lymphatic vessels, and lymph glands, involved in circulating blood and lymph through the body.
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Digestive System
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The system by which ingested food in acted upon by physical and chemical means to provide the body with absorbable nutrients and to excrete waste products.
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Endocrine System
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Collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood, among other things.
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Nervous System
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The system of nerves and nerve centers in an animal or human, including the brain, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia.
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Respiratory System
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The system by which oxygen is taken into the body and an exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.
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Urinary System
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The organs and passages of the urinary tract.
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Reproductive System
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A system of sex organs within an organism which work together for the purpose of sexual reproduction.
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Integumentary System
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The system that protects the body from various kinds of damage, such as loss of water or abrasion from outside.
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Major Organs
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Brain, heart, spleen, lungs, intestines, stomach, liver, pancreas, kidney, bladder
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Brain
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The part of the central nervous system enclosed in the cranium of humans and other vertebrates, consisting of soft, convoluted mass of gray and white matter and serving to control and coordinate the mental and physical actions.
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Heart
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Located in the chest between the lungs and slightly to the left and consisting of 4 chambers: a right atrium that receives blood, a right ventricle that pumps the blood through the pulmonary artery to the lungs for oxygen, a left atrium that received the oxygenated blood via the pulmonary veins and passed it through the mitral valve, and a left ventricle that pumps the oxygenated blood, via the aorta, throughout the body.
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Spleen
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A highly vascular, glandular, ductless organ, situated in humans at the cardiac end of the stomach, serving chiefly in the formation of mature lymphocytes, in the destruction of worn-out red blood cells, and as a reservoir for blood.
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Lungs
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Either of the two saclike respiratory organs in the thorax of humans and the higher vertebrates.
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Intestines
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The lower part of the alimentary canal, extending from the pylorus to the anus. Small intestine digests and absorbs nutrients. Large intestine absorbs water and eliminates residue of digestion.
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Stomach
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Saclike enlargement of the alimentary canal, as in humans and certain animals, forming an organ for storing, diluting, and digesting food.
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Liver
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Organ located in the upper right side of the abdominal cavity. Functions in the secretion of bile and various metabolic processes.
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Pancreas
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Gland, situation near stomach, that secretes a digestive fluid into the intestine through one or more ducts and also secretes the hormone insulin.
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Kidney
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Bean shaped organs in the back part of the abdominal cavity that form and excrete urine, regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, and act as endocrine glands.
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Bladder
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Organ serving as a receptacle for a fluid or air. Urinary bladder.
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Major Bones
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Cranium, mandible, clavicle, sternum, humerus, ribs, spine, pelvis, coccyx, ulna, sacrum, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, femur, patella, fibula, tibia, tarsals, metatarsals
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Cranium
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The skull
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Mandible
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The bone in the lower jaw
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Clavicle
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A bone in the pectoral arch
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Sternum
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Breastbone; a flat narrow bone connected with the clavicles and true ribs
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Humerus
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Long bone in the arm of humans extending from the shoulder to the elbow
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Ribs
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Series of curved bones that are articulated with the vertebrae and occur in pairs, 12 in humans
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Spine
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Spinal or vertebral column; backbone
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Pelvis
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Basin like cavity in the lower part of the trunk of many vertebrates; formed in humans by the innominate bones, sacrum, etc.
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Coccyx
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Small triangular bone forking the lower extremity of the spinal column in human.
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Ulna
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The bone of the forearm on the side opposite to the thumb
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Sacrum
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Bone resulting from the fusion of two or more vertebrae between the lumbar and the coccygeal regions, in humans being composed usually of five vertebrae and forking the posterior wall of the pelvis
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Radius
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The bone of the forearm on the thumb side.
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Carpals
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Carpals; group of bones between the hand and the radius. Wrist.
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Metacarpals
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A metacarpal bone; included between the wrist, fingers or phalanges.
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Phalanges
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Phalanx: Bones in the fingers or toes.
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Femur
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Bone in the leg extending from pelvis to the knee, that is the longest, largest, and strongest in the body; thighbone.
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Patella
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Flat, movable bone at the front of the knee; kneecap.
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Fibula
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Outer and thinner of the two bones of the human leg, extending from the knee to ankle
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Tibia
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Inner of the two bones of the leg, that extend from the knee to the able and articulate with the femur and the talus; shinbone
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Tarsals
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Bones of the foot; tarsus, bones of the proximal segment of the foot; bones between the tibia and the metatarsus, contributing to the ankle joint
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Metatarsals
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The part of the foot between the ankle and toes
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Major Muscles
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Gastrocnemius, quadriceps, sartorious, rectus abdominus, biceps, triceps, pectorals, deltoids, sternocleidomastoids, latissimus dorsi, gluteus maximus, orbicularis oris, frontalis, hamstrings, adductors
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Gastrocnemius
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Largest muscle in the calf of the leg
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Quadriceps
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Large muscle in the front of the thigh
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Satorious
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Longest muscle in the human body, superficial muscle that runs down the length of the thigh in the anterior compartment.
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Rectus Abdominis
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Abs, muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the human abdomen.
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Biceps
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Flexor muscles, located in the front of the upper arm and assisting in bending the arm.
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Triceps
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Muscle having three heads or points of origin, especially muscle in the back of the arm.
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Pectorals
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Of, in, on, or pertaining to the chest or breast; thoracic
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Deltoids
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Large muscle covering the joint of the shoulder, raises the arm away from the side of the body
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Sternocleidomastoids
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Thick muscle on the side of the neck; assists in bending the head and neck forward and sideways
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Latissimus Dorsi
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Broadest muscle in the back; dorso-lateral muscle on the trunk, posterior to the arm and partly covered by the trapezius on its median dorsal region.
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Gluteus Maximus
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Broad, thick, outermost muscle of the buttocks, involved in the rotation and extension of the thigh
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Orbicularis Oris
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Complex of muscles in the lips that encircle the mouth.
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Frontalis
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Muscle which covers part of the skull. Serves for facial expressions.
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Hamstrings
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Any of the three tendons contracted by three posterior thigh muscles. Make up the borders of the space behind the knee; involved in knee flexion and hip extension.
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Adductors
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Any muscle that adducts; to draw or pull towards the median axis of the body.
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Branches of Medicine
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Anesthesiology, cardiology, cytology, dermatology, endocrinology, epidemiology, gastroenterology, gerontology, gynecology, hematology, histology, immunology, nephrology, neurology, obstetrics, oncology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, pathology, pediatrics, physiology, podiatry, psychiatry, pulmonology, radiology, rheumatology, serology, toxicology, urology.
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Anesthesiology
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Focuses on pain relief before & after surgery
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Cardiology
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Deals with diseases and abnormalities of the heart
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Cytology
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Specialty dealing with making diagnoses of diseases & conditions through examination of tissue samples
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Dermatology
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Deals with the skin, hair, nails and its diseases
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Endocrinology
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Deals with diagnosis and treatment of diseases related to hormones. Covers human functions as coordination of metabolism, respiration, reproduction, sensory perception and movement.
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Epidemiology
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Study of patterns, causes and effects of health and disease conditions in populations.
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Gastroenterology
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Focuses on digestive system and its disorders.
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Gerontology
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Study of social, psychological, cognitive and biological aspects of aging.
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Gynecology
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Study of diseases unique to women, especially of those of the genital tract and breast.
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Hepatology
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Study of liver, gallbladder, biliary tree and pancreas and those disorders.
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Histology
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Study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues of plants and animals.
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Immunology
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Covers the study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms.
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Nephrology
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The study of the kidney; normal kidney function, problems and the treatment kidney problems and renal replacement therapy.
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Neurology
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Dealing with disorders of the nervous system.
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Obstetrics
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Profession that deals with pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period.
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Oncology
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Study and treatment of rumors.
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Ophthalmology
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Deals with anatomy, physiology and diseases of the eye.
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Otolarynology
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Oldest medical specialty in the U.S. Trained in the medical and surgical management and treatment of patients with diseases and disorders of the ear, nose and throat.
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Pathology
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Science of the causes and effects of diseases, especially the branch of medicine that deals with the laboratory examination of samples of body tissue for diagnostic or forensic purposes.
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Pediatrics
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Deals with the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents, and the age limit usually ranges from birth up to 18.
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Physiology
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Deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.
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Podiatry
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Diagnose and treat conditions of the foot, ankle, and related structure of the leg.
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Psychiatry
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Devoted to the study, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental disorders.
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Pulmonology
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Speciality of internal medicine concerned with diseases of the lungs and bronchial tubes.
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Radiology
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Specialty that uses imaging to diagnose and treat diseases seen within the body.
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Rheumatology
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Study of rheumatism, arthritis, and other disorders of the joints, muscles and ligaments.
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Serology
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Study of serums and other bodily fluids.
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Toxicology
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Branch of biology, chemistry, and medicine (more specifically pharmacology) concerned with the study of he adverse effects of chemicals on living organism.
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Urology
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Focuses on the surgical and medical diseases of the male and female urinary tract system and the male reproductive organs.
