Review: Virology – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers| What is the season for Varicella-zoster? |
| Spring |
| What is the season for Measles? |
| Winter and spring |
| What is the season for Mumps? |
| Winter and spring |
| What is the season for RSV? |
| Winter and spring |
| What is the season for Parainfluenza? |
| Year round |
| What is the season for Influenza? |
| Winter and spring |
| What is the season for Enterovirus? |
| Summer and fall |
| What is the season for Arbovirus? |
| Summer and fall |
| What is the season for Rotavirus? |
| Winter and spring |
| Classify Adenovirus |
Double stranded DNA No envelope Family Adenoviridae |
| Classify Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) |
Double stranded DNA No envelope Family Papoviridae |
| Classify the Herpes viruses |
Double stranded DNA Enveloped Family Herpesviridae |
| Classify Hepatitis B (HBV) |
Partly double stranded DNA Enveloped Family Hepadnaviridae |
| Classify the Enteroviruses |
Single stranded RNA that serves as mRNA No envelope Family picornaviridae
|
| Classify Hepatitis A |
Single stranded RNA that serves as mRNA No envelope Family picornaviridae |
| Classify Hepatitis E |
Single stranded RNA No envelope Family Caliciviridae |
| Classify Hepatitis C |
Single stranded RNA that serves as mRNA Enveloped Family Flaviviridae |
| Classify the Rubella virus |
Single stranded RNA that serves as mRNA Enveloped Family Togaviridae |
| Classify the Paramyxoviruses |
Single stranded RNA that is the template for mRNA Enveloped Family Paramyxoviridae |
| Classify the Orthomyxoviruses |
Segmented single stranded RNA that is the template for mRNA Enveloped Family Orthomyxoviridae |
| Classify the Rotavirus |
Segmented double stranded RNA No envelope Family Reoviridae |
| Classify the Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) |
Single stranded RNA that is the template for DNA Enveloped Family Retroviridae |
| What are the different Herpes viruses? |
Herpes simplex viruse types 1 and 2 Varicella-Zoster Epstein-Barr Cytomegalovirus Human herpesviruses 6-8 |
| What are the different Enteroviruses? |
Poliovirus Coxsackievirus groups A and B Echovirus Enterovirus |
| What are the Paramyxoviruses? |
Measles virus Mumps virus Parainfluenza virus Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) |
| How is the Adenovirus transmitted? |
Respiratory Fecal-oral Direct contact (eye) |
| How is the Human papiloma virus (HPV) transmitted? |
| Sexual contact |
| How are the Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV) transmitted? |
| Direct contact with infected secretions |
| How is Varicella-zoster transmitted? |
| Close personal contact especially respiratory |
| How is the Epstein-Barr virus transmitted? |
| Close contact with infected saliva |
| How is the Cytomegalovirus (CMV) transmitted? |
Close contact with infected secretions Blood transfusions (WBCs) Organ transplants Transplancental |
| How are the Herpesviruses 6 and 7 transmitted? |
| Contact via respiratory route |
| How is the Herpesvirus 8 transmitted? |
| Unknown |
| How is Hepatitis B transmitted? |
Exchange of body secretions Contaminated blood products |
| How are the Enteroviruses transmitted? |
| Fecal-oral |
| How is Hepatitis A transmitted? |
| Fecal-oral |
| How is Hepatitis E transmitted? |
| Fecal-oral |
| How is Hepatitis C transmitted? |
| Parenteral or sexual |
| How is the Rubella virus transmitted? |
Respiratory Transplancental |
| How is the Measles virus transmitted? |
Contact with respiratory secretions Extremely contagious |
| How is the Mumps virus transmitted? |
| Person-to-person contact, respiratory droplets |
| How is the Parainfluenza virus transmitted? |
| Contact with respiratory secretions |
| How is the Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) transmitted? |
| Person-to-person by hand and respiratory contact |
| How is the Influenza virus transmitted? |
| Contact with respiratory secretions |
| How is the Rotavirus transmitted? |
| Fecal-oral |
| How is HIV transmitted? |
Sexual contact Blood and blood product exposure Perinatal exposure |
| What does the Adenovirus cause? |
| Pharyngitis, pneumonia, hemorrhagic cysititis, gastroenteritis in children |
| What does the Human papiloma virus (HPV) cause? |
Skin, genital and anal warts Benign head and neck tumors Cervical and penile cancer |
| What do Herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 cause? |
HSV-1: cold sores, fever blisters, whitlow HSV-2: genital herpes |
| What does the Varicella-zoster virus cause? |
Varicella - chickenpox Zoster - shingles |
| What does the Epstein-Barr virus cause? |
Infectious mononucleosis Progressive lymphoreticular disease Burkitt's lymphoma Nasopharyngeal carcinoma |
| What dose the Cytomegalovirus (CMV) cause? |
Asymptomatic infection Congenital disease of the newborn Heterophile-negative infectious mononucleosis |
| What do the Herpes simplex viruses 6 and 7 cause? |
| Roseola |
| What does the Human herpes virus 8 cause? |
| Kaposi's sarcoma |
| What does Hepatitis B cause? |
Acute hepatitis with resolution Fulminant hepatitis Chronic hepatitis |
| What do the Enteroviruses cause? |
Poliomyelitis Hand-foot-mouth disease Pleurodynia Aseptic meningitis Summer "flu" |
| What does Hepatitis A cause? |
| Hepatitis, not very serious |
| What does Hepatitis E cause? |
Hepatitis similar to A High mortality rate in pregnany women |
| What does Hepatitis C cause? |
Acute and chronic hepatitis Hepatocellular cancer |
| What does the Rubella virus cause? |
Rubella Congenital rubella |
| What does the Measles virus cause? |
Measles Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis |
| What does the Mumps virus cause? |
| Mumps |
| What does the Parainfluenza virus cause? |
Adults: upper respiratory, rarely pneumonia Children: respiratory including croup, bronchiolitis, pneumonia |
| What does the Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cause? |
Infants: bronchiolitis, penumonia and croup Children: upper respiratory |
| What does the Influenza A virus cause? |
Influenza Primary influenza pneumonia Brocnhiolitis, croup, otitis media |
| What does the Influenza B virus cause? |
| mild influenza |
| What does the Rotavirus cause? |
| Gastroenteritis in infants and children 6 months to 2 years |
| What does HIV cause? |
| AIDS |
| How is the Adenovirus cultured? |
HEp-2 6 days to isolation Cells look like a bunch of grapes Confirm by immunofluorescence Serotype by cell culture neutralization |
| How is the Varicella-zoster virus cultured? |
HDF 7 days to isolation Shell vial culture Confirm by immunofluorescence |
| How is the Cytomegalovirus (CMV) cultured? |
Classic Owl eye apperance HDF 6-10 days to isolation Shell vial culture Confirm by immunofluorescence |
| How are the Human herpesviruses 6 and 7 cultured? |
| Using lymphocyte lines |
| How are the Enteroviruses cultured? |
PMK 4 days to isolation Identify by cell culture neutralization test |
| How is the Measles virus cultured? |
PMK Cytopathic effect usually not seen Identify by immunofluorescence |
| How is the Parainfluenza virus cultured? |
PMK 6-11 days to isolation Shell vial culture Cytopathic effect usually not seen Identify by immunofluorescence |
| How is the Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cultured? |
HEp-2 6-8 days to isolation Glassy syncytial giant cells Confirm by immunofluorescence |
| How are the Influenza A and B viruses cultured? |
PMK 4 days to isolation No cytopathic effects Idnetify by immunofluorescence |
| How is the Human papiloma virus (HPV) diagnosed? |
Direct detection: Cytology (pap smear) DNA probes |
| How is the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) diagnosed? |
| Serology for antigens and antibodies |
| How is the Human herpesvirus 8 diagnosed? |
| Direct detection: in situ hybridization |
| How is the Hepatitis B virus diagnosed? |
| Serology for antigens and antibodies |
| How is the Hepatitis A virus diagnosed? |
| Serology for IgM and IgG antibodies |
| How is the Hepatitis E virus diagnosed? |
| Serology |
| How is the Rubella virus diagnosed? |
| Serology |
| How are the Paramyxoviruses diagnosed? |
Direct detection: Detect by hemadsorption with guinea pig RBCs Identify by immunofluorescence |
| How are the Influenza A and B viruses diagnosed? |
Direct detection: Detect by hemadsorption or hemagglutination with guinea pig RBCs Idnetify by immunofluorescence |
| How is the Rotavirus diagnosed? |
| Direct detection |
| How is HIV diagnosed? |
Serology: ELISA Western blot immunoassay |
| What is the persisting antigen in chronic hepatitis B? |
| HBsAg |
| What is the Hepatitis B virion also called? |
| The Dane particle |
| What is antigenic drift? |
Minor antigenic change Causes Influenza A and B outbreaks every 1-3 years |
| When is the best time to collect a specimen for viral culture? |
| As early as possible, preferably during the vesicle stage |
| How are viral specimens stored? |
If they can't be processed immediatly store at 4C Freeze at -70C never -20C |
| What are the three categories of viral cell culture? |
Primary Cell lines Established cell lines |
| What are the characteristics of primary cell culture? |
Diploid Mixed cell types One or two passages |
| What are the characteristics of cell lines? |
Diploid Fibroblasts Passages limited to 50 ; |
| What are the characteristics of established cell lines? |
Heteroploid Indefinite passages |
