Research Final Exam – Flashcards
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Quantitative research uses the following methods of data collection except
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Participant observation (Methods are: Surveys, questionnaires, and psychosocial instruments)
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One purpose of an institutional review board is to
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Ensure that the rights of research subjects are protected
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A nurse is reading a research article. This article describes a study in which the subjects had blood measurements taken in a group who exercised regularly as compared with a group who didn't regularly exercise, with follow up blood pressure measurements over the next 6 years. This would be described as a
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Longitudinal Study
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Which of the following is not address in Sections of the Nuremberg Code?
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Boundaries should exist between practice and research (In it is voluntary consent, experiment should yield fruitful results, and subjects should be able to bring the study to an end)
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The ethical problems of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study include the following
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The research subjects were not: fully informed given effective treatment for syphillis treated with beneficence
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Which of the following statements is true about research hypotheses?
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They are used in quantitative studies
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When conducting a literature review search, two most useful databases for nursing literature are:
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MEDLINE and CINAHL
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A researcher will use random sampling in a research study. Which of the following statements best describes this procedure
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Subjects are randomly selected from a population to take part in the study
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Which of the following sections in a review of the literature is considered most important
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The gaps identified in the review of the literature
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Which of the following sampling strategies is most often used in nursing research studies?
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Convenience sampling
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Which type of quantitative research design looks for cause and effect between variables
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Experimental design
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In order for a study to be classified as an experimental design, which three (3) elements must be present?
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Control, randomization, & correlation
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Providing subjects with an estimate of the potential risks in relation to the potential benefits is called the
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Risk-ratio benefit
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All of the following groups deserve special protection as subjects in research, except
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Men and women over 65 (Special protection is given to: children, prisoners, and the mentally ill)
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The feasibility of a study should be considered in light of
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Cost and time required to conduct the study, skills required of the researcher, potential ethical concerns
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You decide to select a sample of 100 subjects of whom 10% will be Black, 10% Hispanic, and 80% White. Identify the appropriate sampling design
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Systematic sampling
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Which of the following techniques yield a simple random sample?
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numbering all elements of a sampling frame and using a random number table to pick individuals
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Individuals who are available and volunteer as subjects in a research study are used in the sampling method called
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Convenience
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The selection of a sample for a research study affects the study's
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External validity
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Journals that determine acceptance of manuscripts based on peer review are referred to as a
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referred journal
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A situation where the identity of subjects remains unknown to protect subjects participating in a study is referred to as
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Anonymity
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Which of the following is not a part of a report of a research report?
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A one-paragraph resume of the lead author (included is: Specified methods of data collection, Findings, Conclusions)
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The interpretation of a result in a research study is called a
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Finding
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What determines whether a researcher uses a qualitative or quantitative research method for a particular study
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The nature of the research question being asked
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Which of the following is a true statement about the results of a quantitative study?
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The results are the outcomes of the data analyses that were done
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When does a researcher present a study to an Institutional Review Board?
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Before the study begins
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Which statement is true about descriptive studies?
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Descriptive studies use random assignments of participants to treatment groups
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In studies that use more than one data collector, how is the consistency of the data evaluated?
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Inter-rater reliability
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When a convenience sample is used, how is the target population defined?
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By the characteristics profile of the sample of the study and the setting(s) from which the sample was recruited
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In correlational research when two variables have a very strong relationship, the Pearson r value will be near
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One (1)
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A nurse is reviewing results in a study measuring the correlation between pain and patients' activity level. The Pearson r of the association between the two variables is .66. What conclusions can the nurse make about the study results?
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There is a high level of association between the two variables
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Which of the following results from a sample size that is too small?
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Low power to detect a difference in the outcomes of the two groups
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What is the main goal of a two-group experimental study?
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To determine if one intervention is more effective than the other
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Why is a study is categorized as quasi-experimental (as opposed to being called an experimental study)?
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Because the intervention and/or setting was not tightly controlled
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In a study of the effectiveness of two pain management methods, what is the meaning of the conclusion that one method produced a clinically significant lower pain level than the other method?
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The difference in outcome achieved by the more effective method is large enough to make an important difference in patient comfort
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The group that receives the experimental treatment condition is called the
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Experimental Group
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Which of the following does not apply to qualitative research?
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Ends with statistical report
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In what section of a research report are results of a study explained and interpreted?
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Discussion
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Another way of communicating findings associated with a research report, other than publication, would be through
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Oral presentations
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A conscientious, explicit use of best evidence in making decisions about care is often termed
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EBP
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A hierarchy of research evidence is generally agreed on for the amount of confidence that may be placed in results of intervention testing. Which is the strongest evidence?
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Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
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Both open-ended and closed-ended questionnaires are used in research. Which of the following statements is true?
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open-ended questions provide qualitative data
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In critiquing a research report, where does the researcher state the particular question(s) to be investigated?
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Purpose statement
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Using the PICO research question "In hospitalized patients, is the use of hand sanitizer as effective as traditional handwashing in controlling infection? The outcome is
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Infection rates
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Evidence based practice decisions should consider which of the following
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Clinical expertise, patient values and preferences, and best research evidence
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Choose all of the following which are characteristics of a randomized controlled trial
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Randomization, experimental & control group, and use of double blinding
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Which of the following is true regarding interpretation of research findings?
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Must be careful about reading more into results than there really is Don't jump to conclusions Data should be examined objectively
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What type of analysis will be used by researcher who conducts a case study?
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Content analysis
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Which of the following qualitative research designs seeks to develop an understanding of "lived experience"?
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Phenomenology
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In which type of research design is the researcher most likely to use bracketing?
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Ethnography
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Triangulation is often used in mixed methods research to
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Enhance the validity of the findings
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When conducting a literature review search, two most useful databases for nursing literature are
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MEDLINE and CINAHL
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A nurse researcher is examining findings from a study and is interested in determining how the data varies between each score and from the mean. What will the nurse researcher look at in the data analyses?
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The standard deviation
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Which of the following descriptions would not be typical of research utilization?
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Considered unnecessary in EBP
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Quality improvement may be described as
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Essential to patient satisfaction and cost effectiveness Focused on systems and processes Aimed at improving the microsystem
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Which of the following is not a goal of qualitative research?
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Test a hypothesis about a nursing intervention
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What determines whether a researcher uses a qualitative or quantitative research method for a particular study?
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The nature of the research question being asked
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Which research purpose is not a purpose of qualitative research?
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To determine the effectiveness of forced-air warming blankets in preventing shivering with women who are actively giving birth
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Which of the following data collection methods is not used in qualitative research?
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Questionnaires with structures responses
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In qualitative research, data saturation occurs when
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No new information is forthcoming and all major issues are understood
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A nurse researcher aims to produce a rich portrayal of the norms, values, language, roles, and social rules of health amongst Central American immigrants to the United States. What research methodology would work best for this purpose?
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Ethnography
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A group of researchers are conducting a study with the aim of producing a middle-range theory
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Grounded Theory
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All of the following are key features of a well-designed experimental study, except:
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Data saturation (Included are: Random assignment to groups, Low level of missing data, Control of extraneous variables)
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A common reason for low statistical power in a study is
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Small sample size
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What is CINAHL?
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A database of articles, books, and other information sources for Nursing and allied health
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Which of the following organizations does not produce systematic reviews?
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National League for Nursing
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What should you consider when evaluating the clinical significance of a clinical practice guideline recommendation
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The likelihood that implementation of the recommendation will produce good patient outcomes
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How are the findings of a qualitative study appraised for clinical credibility?
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Based on the richness and informativeness of the findings
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What is a peer-reviewed journal?
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A journal that mainly accepts articles that have been blindly assessed and judged acceptable by reviewers retained by the journal
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Which of the following is the main goal of evidence-based practice?
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Patients achieving good outcomes
