Renaissance and Reformation(FINISHED) – Flashcards
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Why were the Italian city-states a favorable setting for a cultural rebirth?
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center of roman empire prosperous place of trade powerful merchant class
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What was the renaissance?
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Time of creativity and change in politics,social, economics, and culture
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What themes and techniques did Renaissance artists and writers explore?
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perspective
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Who was Lorenzo de' Medici
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a clever politician who kept Florence together in the 1400s and was a generous patron of the arts
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Who was Francesco Petrarch
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found and assembled a library of greek and roman manuscripts and wrote Sonnets to Laura
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Who was Michelangelo
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a many talented man who painted the sistine chapel ceiling and carved david from marble
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Who was Leonardo da Vinci
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a genius who was well educated in many fields
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How did Da Vinci make near perfect drawing of man
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by dissecting dead bodies
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Who was Raphael
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talented artist that painted the School of Athens
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What did Raphael do with his paintings
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blended christian and classical styles
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Who was Baldassare Castiglione
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Wrote the Book of the Courtier
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What did the book of the courtier describe
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describes manners, skills, learning and virtues that a member of the court should have
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What was Castigliones ideal coutier
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well-educated, well-manered aristocrat who mastered many fields
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What was Castigliones ideal Man
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athletic but not overactive,good at games,but not a gambler and is smart but not arrogant
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What was Castigliones ideal women
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balance to men,graceful and kind and beautiful
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Who was Niccolo Machiavelli
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Wrote the Prince and was a diplomat that observed kings and princes
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who stressed that the end justifies the means
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Machiavelli
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patron
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financial supporter
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humanism
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cultural movement that turned away from medieval scholasticism and revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought.
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humanities
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subjects taught by greek and roman schools
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perspective
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way of making imagine look more real
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What conditions in Italy contributed to the emergence of the Renaissance?
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center of roman empire prosperous place of trade powerful merchant class
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Which artists brought the Renaissance to northern Europe
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Jan Van Eyck Albrecht Durer Francois Rabelais erasmus Thomas More Shakespeare Cervantes
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What themes did humanist thinkers and other writers explore
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education
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What impact did the printing revolution have on Europe
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made it easier to acquire written books
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albrecht Durer
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used italian techniques in painting and engraving and brought them to germany also his works showed the religious upheaval of his age
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who was called the german leonardo
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durer
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Who was Jan van eyck
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known for his portrayals of townspeople and religious scenes developed oil paint
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who was Francois Rabelais
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was a monk,physican, and author wrote Gargatua and Pantagruel
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Who was Shakespeare
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famous playwright and added words to the english language
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Who was Migual de Cervantes
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Spanish writer best known for Don Quixote
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What is Don Quixote about
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tale that mocks romantic notions of medieval chivalry
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Who is Johann Gutenberg
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printed the 1st complete Bible using printing press
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engraving
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design etched on metal with acid and uses plate to make prints
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utopian
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word to describe ideal society
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How did Durer help bring the Renaissance to northern Europe
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by using italian techniques in his work
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What themes did eramus and more raise in their writings?
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utopian society
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who wrote The Praise of the Folly
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Erasmus
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What were 3 effects of the printing press
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1.more books throughout Europe 2.more people learned to read 3.readers gained access to a wider topic of books
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Why do you think the cultural flowering of the northern Renaissance did not take place until after economic growth had taken place?
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needed money to support arts
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How did abuses in the Church spark widespread criticism?
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because people didn't want to pay for the things that didn't even go to benefit the church
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How did Martin Luther challenge Catholic authority and teachings?
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95 these no more selling of indulgences Bible=only truth salvation comes from faith alone
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What role did John Calvin play in the reformation?
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wrote the Institutes of the Christian Religion and started calvinism
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What is Calvinism?
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similar to Martin Luthers teaching except preached predestination and "only those who were saved could live truly Christian lives"
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How did Calvinism spread?
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Reformers visited Geneva then returned to homeland with his ideas
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What is the Protestant Reformation
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Protest and Reform
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Who is Martin Luther
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a lawyer turned monk who started Lutheran religion and started the protestant reformation
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What is the Peace of Augsburg
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a document that allowed each prince to choose what religion would be followed in his lands
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Who is John Calvin
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wrote the Institutes of the Christian Religion started Calvinism which is similar to Lutherans
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Who are Hugeuenots
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French calvinists
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What is an indulgence?
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lessening of time in purgatory
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what is recant
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give up ones views
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What is predestination
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the idea that God determined who would gain salvation
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What is theocracy
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government run by church leaders
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Why did many Christian call for Church reforms?
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they were tired of the churches abuses
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How did Martin Luther's ideas differ from those expressed by the Catholic Church?
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Salvation through faith alone Bible=only religious truth banned indulgences,confessions,pilgrimages,& prayers to saints priesthood of all believers simplified mass and emphasized sermon allowed clergy to marry allowed 2/7 sacraments
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Why did Luther gain wide-spread support
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people didn't have to pay the church made it easier to be a christian
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What are 5 ideas taught by John calvin
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Bible=only source of religious truth salvation through faith alone predestination 2 kinds of people only those who were saved could live truly Christian lives
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How did the Reformation reflect Humanist ideas
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Emphasize on education Simple religion
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What ideas did radical reformers support?
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only adults can receive baptism abolish private property speed up judgement day
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why did England form a new church?
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Henry VII wanted an annulment from his current wife and the pope refused so he made his own church
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why did some groups face persecution?
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because other groups didn't agree with what they stood for
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Thomas Cranmer wrote what book?
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Book of Common Prayer
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What did the Council of Trent do?
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established the direction that the Catholic Ref. would take and tried to end abuses in the church
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What was the Inquisition?
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used secret testimony,torture, and execution to find heresy and founded the Index of Forbidden Books
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Teresa of Avila symbolized what?
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the renewal of intense faith
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Who was Henry VII
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used to be "defender of the faith" then created the anglican church so he could remarry
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who was Elizabeth I
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started the Elizabethan Settlement
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What was the Elizabethan Settlement
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compromise between Protestant and Catholic practices
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What was the jesuits
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society of Jesus
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who founded the Jesuits
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Ignatius of Loyola
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Who was Ignatius of Loyola
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spanish knight who encouraged the jesuits to spread the Catholic faith
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Who was Teresa of Avila
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nun who remade convent to be stricter and helped reorganize the church,was later canonized
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Define annul
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cancel
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Define canonize
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recognized as a saint
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Define compromise
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acceptable middle ground
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Define Scapegoat
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someone to blame problems on
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Define ghetto
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separate quarter of the city
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Why were the Anabaptist considered radical?
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because few of the anabaptist used violent means to get what they wanted
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What were the goals of the Catholic Reformation?
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tried to end corruption within the church end protestant reformation
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Why did persecution increase after the reformation
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because it heightened religious passion people were less tolerant to other religions
