QUIZ ch.4 – Flashcard
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Which of the following is an example of a secondary sex characteristic?
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male facial hair
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Which psychologist was most influential in shaping our understanding of cognitive development?
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jean piaget
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According to Piaget, during the formal operational stage people begin to
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reason abstractly
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The body structures that enable reproduction are the
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primary sex characteristics
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cognitive refers to
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the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
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Darlene smoked heavily during the entire 9 months of her pregnancy. Her newborn baby will most likely be
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underweight
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According to Piaget, egocentrism refers to
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the difficulty perceiving things from another persons point of view
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Infants develop a fear of strangers at about 8 months of age because they can't assimilate unfamiliar faces into their
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schemas
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Studies of monkeys raised with artificial mothers suggest that mother-infant emotional bonds result primarily from mothers providing infants with
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body contact
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According to Piaget, schemas are
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peoples conceptual frameworks for understanding their experiences
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According to Piaget, accommodation refers to
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adjusting current schemas in order to make sense of new experiences
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Piaget was convinced that the mind of a child
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develops through a series of stages
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According to Piaget, egocentrism is to conservation as the ________ stage is to the ________ stage.
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preoperational; concrete operational
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Which of the following represents the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
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sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
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The first time that 4-year-old Sarah saw her older brother play a flute, she thought it was simply a large whistle. Sarah's initial understanding of the flute best illustrates the process of
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assimilation
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If research suggested that a pregnant mother's use of an artificial sweetener caused harm to the fetus, the artificial sweetener would be considered a(n)
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teratogen
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Lewis is a 70-year-old retired college professor. In contrast to when he was 30, he now probably
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does not hear as well
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Which of the following is an example of imprinting?
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a ducking demonstrates attachment to a bouncing ball
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A teratogen is a(n)
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substance that can cross the placental barrier and harm an unborn child.
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Which is not a contraceptive?
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RU-486
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Providing children with a safe haven in times of stress contributes most directly to
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secure attachment
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According to Piaget, a person first comprehends that division is the reverse of multiplication during the ________ stage.
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concrete operational
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Physical abilities such as muscular strength, reaction time, sensory keenness, and cardiac output reach their peak during
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early adulthood
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Dr. Birkin's major research interest is the development of motor skills in children. It is most likely that Dr. Birkin is a ________ psychologist.
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developmental
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People experience rapid physical growth and sexual maturation during
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puberty
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The process of imprinting involves the formation of a(n)
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attachment
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Adolescence extends from
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the beginnings of sexual maturity to independent adulthood
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The powerful survival impulse that leads infants to seek closeness to their caregivers is called
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attachment
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Menopause refers to
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the cessation of menstruation
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Harlow observed that most monkeys raised in total isolation
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we are incapable of mating upon reaching sexual maturity
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The placenta develops from the outer cells of the
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zygote
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According to Piaget, a child can represent things with words and images but cannot reason with logic during the ________ stage
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preoperational
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Boys who mature at an early age tend to be more
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popular and self-assured
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Human sperm cells ________ than egg cells.
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are smaller
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If children cannot grasp the principle of conservation, they are unable to
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recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape
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Happiness is slightly ________ among young adults than among middle-aged adults and slightly ________ among older adults than among middle-aged adults.
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higher; higher
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According to Piaget, the ability to think logically about events first develops during the ________ stage.
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concrete operational
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During which of Piaget's stages does a person develop an awareness that things continue to exist even when they are not perceived?
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sensorimotor
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To Piaget, a child is a young scientist. To Vygotsky a child is a
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a social apprentice
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Vygotsky suggested that new words provide a temporary ________ from which children can step to higher levels of thinking
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scaffold
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Adolescence is typically a time of
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diminishing parental influence and growing peer influence
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During the course of successful prenatal development, a human organism begins as a(n)
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zygote and finally develops into a fetus
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Mr. Hersch triggered a rooting reflex in his infant son by touching him on the
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cheek
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Maturation refers to
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biological growth processes that are relatively uninfluenced by experience
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Which is an example of imprinting?
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A abandoned hatchling owl is mothered by an eagle. Once he learned to fly he followed the eagle wherever she went.
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A critical period is a phase during which
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certain events have a particularly strong impact on development.
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The ability to think logically about hypothetical situations is indicative of the ________ stage of development.
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formal operational
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Newborns have been observed to show the greatest visual interest in a
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facelike image
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According to Piaget, children come to understand that the volume of a substance remains constant despite changes in its shape during the ________ stage.
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concrete operational
