Quiz 9-13 – Flashcard
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Adding a 440 Hz tone to a 880 Hz tone and a 1320 Hz tone will result in
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a complex tone
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Pitch is primarily determined by the ______ of the sound wave
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frequency
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The unit of measurement for sound wave frequency is
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Hertz
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A complex tone can be created by starting with a pure tone, called the ____________, and adding frequencies that are multiples of this first frequency
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fundamental frequency
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The range of human hearing is between _____ Hz.
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20 and 20,000
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The sound quality that is related to the sounds clarity, "nasalness" or "reedy-ness" is
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timbre
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The wave form pattern of a pure tone is a(n)
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sine wave
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The correct order of the ossicles in the middle ear (from ear drum to oval window) is
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malleus, incus, stapes
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_________ is the property of increasing pitch that accompanies increases in the tone's frequency
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tone height
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The bending of the cilia of the ________ causes a release of small bursts of neurotransmitter.
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inner hair cells
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Which of the following is NOT a coordinate system for auditory localization?
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time
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From the auditory nerve, information is passed through a sequence of subcortical structures. Which of the following reflects the correct sequence?
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cochlear nucleus, superior olivary nucleus, inferior colliculus, medial geniculate nucleus
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Which of the following factors needs to be considered in architectural acoustics?
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spaciousness factor, bass ratio, and intimacy time
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The ______ is the dominant cue for locating low-frequency sounds along the azimuth
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ITD
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The horizonal axis in auditory localization is called the
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azimuth
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Interaural time difference detectors
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have been found in the monkey auditory cortex that responds best to specific delays
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Recanzone (2000) examined localization in A1 and the auditory belt area in monkeys. Results indicated that:
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the belt area provides more specific localization than A1
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The "ideal" reverberation time for symphony halls is
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2 seconds
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Infant studies reveal that the dominant stress patterns of their native language can influence perception grouping by
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7 months of age
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Sound that reaches the ears after bouncing off a wall or a floor is called
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Indirect Sound
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Spectrograms of sentences show
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no clear pauses or breaks between words
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The ______ is the shortest segment of speech that, if changed, changes the meaning of the word.
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phonemes
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The problem of variability from the way different people speak can be demonstrated by
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the pitch differences in people's voices, the different accents of different speakers, and the different speeds at which people talk (all of the above)
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The McGurk effect illustrates the importance of ___________ on speech perception
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vision
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If a listener is asked to pay attention to speech provided by familiar voices, the _____ is activated, as shown by fMRI studies.
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both the FFA and STS
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There are _____ phonemes for vowel sounds in the English language
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13
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Top-down processing can help
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recognize phonemes, recognize words, and segment acoustic signals (all of these)
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Saffron et al. (1996) found that 8-month-old infants listened to ______ test stimuli longer, providing evidence that infants are capable of __________ learning
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part word; statistical
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A sound spectrogram is a plot of ______________ as a function of _____________, with darker areas representing greater intensity
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frequency; time
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The Meissner corpuscle is associated with
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controlling handgrip
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The nerve fibers in the spinal cord go in
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both the medial lemniscal pathway and the spinothalamic pathway
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Which of the following stimuli have been used to test tactile acuity?
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letters, gratings, and 2 point stimuli have all been used
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Which of the following is NOT a mechanoreceptor?
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chancellor cells
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The _______ are located near the border of the epidermis and surface of the skin, and are associated with sensing fine details.
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merkel receptors
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the somatosensory system
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is comprised of cutaneous sensations, proprioception, and kinesthesis.
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Which of the following body parts has the lowest two-point threshold?
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fingertips
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Penfield mapped locations of body parts on area S1 by
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stimulating S1 areas in humans, and asking where they felt body sensations.
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The fibers from the medial lemniscal pathway and the spinothalamic pathway go to the
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ventrolateral nucleus
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The function of the skin is
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warning of possible injury and preventing bodily fluids from escape
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The difference between "tasters" and "non-tasters" in the ability to taste PROP is due to:
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both higher taste bud density and specialized receptors for "tasters."
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____ tastes cause an autonomic acceptance response and prepares the gastrointestinal tract for these substances
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sweet
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The "life-span" of olfactory receptors in humans is
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5 to 7 weeks
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The _____ papillae are mushroom-shaped and found on the tip and sides of the tongue.
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fungiform
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Macrosmatic species will use olfaction for
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marking territory, sexual reproduction, and a guide to food sources
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Sodium nitrate results in a taste of
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a combination of salty, sour, and bitter
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The tiny bumps on the tongue that contain the taste buds are the
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papillae
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The ____ pathway conducts signals from the front and sides of the tongue to the brain.
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chorda tympani
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Olfactory signals from the thalamus project to
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the insula and the frontal operculum cortex
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A fifth basic taste discovered many years after the other four is
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referred to as umami
