Quiz 3 – Chapter 4 & 5 – Flashcards
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A baby searches the faces of her parents to see how to respond in unfamiliar situations. This is called _____.
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social referencing
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Abed is 12 months old, and his uncle Nadin is visiting for the first time in 6 months. Nadin is delighted to see his nephew, so as he enters the room, he booms, "There's my little man!" Abed looks to his mother, who is smiling broadly at her brother, and crawls to him to be picked up. Abed is demonstrating _____.
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social referencing
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According to cognitive theory, infants use their early relationships to develop a set of assumptions that become a frame of reference for later in life. Such a set of assumptions is called a _____.
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working model
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According to Erikson's theory, what holds true for most toddlers?
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They want to gain a sense of control over their own bodies.
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According to psychoanalytic theory, the child's prime focus of pleasure in the first year of life is the _____.
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mouth
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A child fixated in the oral stage may become an adult who _____.
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talks excessively
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A child with secure attachment is one who _____.
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makes contact with the caregiver after the caregiver reenters the room
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Allocare refers to children being cared for by _____.
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people other than their biological parents
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An infant's distress at seeing an unfamiliar person is called _____.
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stranger wariness
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A sign of secure attachment is when a child _____.
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maintains contact with the caregiver while exploring
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A toddler with secure attachment _____.
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is willing to explore
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Attachment in infants is definitely evident by the age of _____.
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1 year
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A working model, according to cognitive theory, _____.
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can be reorganized
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Freud's stage that takes place in the second year is called _____.
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the anal stage
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In the Strange Situation, a sign of insecure attachment might be _____.
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crying and being unable to be comforted when her mother returns
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According to theory-theory, why do children imitate irrelevant adult behaviors?
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They theorize that the irrelevant behavior must be important.
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According to Vygotsky, a teacher who carefully plans each child's participation in the learning process within the zone of proximal development uses _____.
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scaffolding
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A child who is unable to read a picture book independently accomplishes the task with the help of an adult. This assistance will be effective only if the _____.
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skill is within the child's zone of proximal development
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A person's understanding of the thoughts of other people is called _____.
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theory of mind
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Because the amygdala responds to comfort but not logic, which of the following is the best strategy for a parent to adopt when their preschooler has had a scary dream?
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Ask them what was scary about the dream, and then convincingly pretend to scare off that content.
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Isaac suffered a brain injury as a result of an automobile accident. His abilities to speak and to process language were severely affected. His injury was to the _____.
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left side of his brain
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Logical extension involves _____.
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linking a newly learned word to other objects in the same category
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Neuroscience has proven true which statement about young bilingual children?
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Even though both languages reside in the same area of the brain, bilingual individuals are able to activate one language and temporarily inhibit the other.
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Overregularization in a child's speech patterns indicates that _____.
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the child can apply grammatical rules to vocalizations
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Piaget believed that until about age 6, it is difficult for children to think _____.
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logically
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Piaget called the stage of human cognitive development between the ages of 2 and 6 _____ intelligence.
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preoperational
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Research indicates that infants reach Piaget's stages _____ Piaget originally predicted. s
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earlier than
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Sensorimotor stage four is the stage of _____.
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new adaptation and anticipation
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Studies comparing breast-feeding to bottle-feeding show that _____.
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breast-fed babies have fewer allergies and stomach upsets
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The area in the brain that plans, anticipates, and controls impulses is the _____ cortex.
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prefrontal
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The function of neurotransmitters is to _____.
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carry information from one neuron to another
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The language acquisition device (LAD) was proposed by Chomsky to explain _____.
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children's ability to derive the rules of grammar quickly and effectively
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Universal grammar is Chomsky's term for his observation that _____.
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all young children master basic grammar according to a schedule
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When 1-week-old Justine feels too warm, she reflexively cries. According to Piaget, Justine is in stage _____ of the sensorimotor period.
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one
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Which theorist said that children learn language as a result of reinforcements given by parents and caregivers?
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Skinner
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Huan is 20 months old, and his Mother is in a hurry. She wants to put his shoes on, but Huan rejects her efforts by squirming and declaring, "No! Me!" It takes him five minutes, and his shoes end up on the wrong feet, but he proudly skips out to the car when he's done. Huan is in Erikson's _____ stage.
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autonomy versus shame and doubt
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Which emotion seems to depend on the development of social awareness?
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pride
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Which psychologist developed the Strange Situation test?
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Ainsworth
