Quilt History 2 – Flashcards
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The Female Moral Reform Society attempted to vanquish
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brothels
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What was the Second Great Awakening?
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a religious revival
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The religious and secular utopias of the early nineteenth century were established in part as a response to anxieties about
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the market economy
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Which statement best represents the intention of those who supported the development of Central Park in New York City
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to bring nature to urban dwellers of all classes
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How did the approach to imprisoning criminals at a penitentiary differ from earlier approaches?
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the focus was on repentance and reform.
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What quality was shared by those who engaged in utopian social experiments and more conventional social reformers?
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a faith in Americans' ability to collectively improve their lot
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Such reformers as Mary Gove and Paulina Wright were interested in
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educating women on their reproductive rights and health
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Which of the following best describes the view of such Southerners as Thomas R. Dew toward slavery?
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Slavery is a positive good to society
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Through his newspaper The Liberator, William Lloyd Garrison became a leading spokesperson for
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immediatism
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Who founded the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints?
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Joseph Smith
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The "gag rule" was a procedural motion that
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required the House of Reps to automatically table all antislavery petitions.
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What was complex marriage as practiced in the community at Oneida, New York, established by John Humphrey Noyes?
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free sexual relations between the men and women of the community
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Which of the following best describes the stance of Henry David Thoreau, Nathaniel hawthorne, and Herman Melville to contemporary American society?
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critical of the effects of the market economy.
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What was the Common School movement?
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the movement for universal public education
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Which is the bet summary of the doctrine of coverture?
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A woman is legally dead once she has married
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The American Colonization Society was formed with what purpose?
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to gradually liberate slaves and transport them to Africa
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How had Christians traditionally regarded the consumption of alcohol?
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as a problem when it led to drunkenness
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Horace Mann's most notable contributions were in the field of
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education
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How did Henry "Box" Brown support the abolitionist cause?
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His dramatic escape provided a compelling narrative for the movement to publicize
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Why did architects such as Andrew Jackson Downing and Alexander Jackson Davis reject the Greek Revival style?
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They believed that architecture should reflect social status.
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In what way did the Shakers reconfigure the traditional family?
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There was neither marriage nor sex between men and women.
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A supporter of temperance believed
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in abstinence from alcohol
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Which of the following best describes Charles Grandson Finney's theology?
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people can seek out salvation and usher in the millennium
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Phrenology studied the connection between a person's character and
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the shape of his or her skull
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In the Eastern State Penitentiary at Philadelphia, prisoners
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enjoyed no privacy
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How did Greece's war for independence influence America?
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It inspired the Greek Revival style of architecture and interior design.
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Why might a woman like Mary Cragin have embraced her life in John Humphrey Noyes's community at Oneida, New York?
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The community offered greater freedom to women.
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For what reason did Frederick Douglass include his own picture and signature in his book, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Doublass, An American Slave?
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to increase the authenticity of the work
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What factors led to the transformation of Southern attitudes toward slavery?
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As cotton agriculture became more important to the economy and abolitionist fervor increased, white Southerners were compelled to defend the institution.
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To what did Transcendentalists look for inspiration and insight?
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nature
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The Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 marked the beginning of
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the movement for women's rights.
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In 1848, women in New York won the right to
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retain control of inherited wealth.
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Reformers such as minister Lyman Beecher cast the problem of intemperance in
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spiritual terms
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Which of the following would most certainly be a proponent of immediatism
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a member of the American Anti-Slavery Society
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Thomas Jefferson's comparison of slavery to holding "the wolf by the ears" reflected his
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ambivalence toward the institution.
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What event led Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton to focus their attention on the oppression of women?
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the restrictions they faced at the international antislavery conference in London.
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Abolitionists responded to Hiram Powers's statue The Greek Slave by
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comparing the slave's suffering to that of American slaves.
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Harriet Jacobs's Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl told about
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the sexual predations of white Southerners on black women.
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What did the popularity of sentimental novels and the board game "The Mansion of happiness" reveal about the cult of true womanhood?
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Its vision of domestic happiness was appealing to Americans.
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What did the Millerites anticipate first in march 1843 and later on October 22, 1844?
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The return of Christ
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All of the following were supporters of women's rights EXCEPT
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Sylvester Graham.
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Edgar Allan Poe differed from Nathaniel Hawthorne in that he
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embraced the topics of popular fiction in his literary art
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In his lectures, Sylvester Graham warned his audience to avoid the dangers of
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sexual overstimulation
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The "cult of true womanhood" identified women with
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piety, motherhood, and sexual passivity.
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Who was the leader of Texan forces that defeated and captured General Santa Anna at San Jacinto?
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Sam Houston
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What was the effect of faster communication during the Mexican War?
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Journalists became more independent in their reporting
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"Remember the Alamo" became a battle cry for Americans in the war against Mexico because
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so many Americans died in a battle there.
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Manifest Destiny emphasized the primacy of
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white American civilization
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Whom did the Free-Soil Party nominate as its candidate in the election of 1848
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Martin Van Buren
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Who were the "Barnburners"
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anti-slavery Democrats
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What encouraged President Taylor to secure the annexation of Texas?
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James K. Polk's victory in the 1844 election
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What was the main source of conflict between the US and Mexico before the Mexican War?
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a dispute over defining the border
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How did Americans initially regard photography?
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as copying reality perfectly
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Tejanos was the term for
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Hispanic Texans
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What was Henry Clay's position on the annexation of Texas?
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He did not want Texas admitted to the Union.
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What was the Overland Trail?
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the main route West
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Midwestern tribes from what territory were forced to relocate to the Indian Territory after their defeat in the Black Hawk War of 1832
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Iowa
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What factors led to Zachary Taylor's election as president in 1848?
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The Whigs' running separate campaigns in the North and South enabled Taylor to appeal to many voters in a nation divided over the issue of slavery, and the inclusion of a third-party candidate drew votes away from his Democratic rival
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What contributed significantly to the United States' victory in the Mexican War?
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the military superiority of the United States
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Franciscan-run Catholic missions in California for the most part treated Indians as
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slaves
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Who led the invasion of central Mexico that resulted in the taking of Mexico City?
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Winfield Scott
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What practice did American settlers bring to Texas that was illegal in Mexico by 1829?
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slavery
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Manifest Destiny was the doctrine that
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God intended the United States to extend westward to the Pacific.
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Where did the Mormons ultimately settle?
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Utah
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What was the daguerreotype?
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an early form of photography
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James K. Polk, or "Young Hickory," shared all of the following with Andrew Jackson EXCEPT
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a reluctance to use the military to meet his ends
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Henry David Thoreau refused to pay his poll tax in support of what cause?
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abolition
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Upon General Santa Anna's seizing power in Mexico,
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he established a dictatorship with himself at the helm.
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As president, James K. Polk could best be described as
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an expansionist
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In the 1848 election, the Free-Soil Party attracted all of the following EXCEPT
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Texans
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Why did the workload of women double when their families moved westward?
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Women maintained traditional roles within the family but also had to take on jobs usually reserved for men.
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What did the doctrine of "consecration and stewardship" require of Mormons?
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that they deed their property to the church.
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What was the Liberty Party?
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an antislavery, anti-annexation party that emerged in 1844
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What role did trappers play in the settlement of the West?
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Their explorations were informative to those interested in the West.
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Henry David Thoreau is famous for articulating his stance on
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civil disobedience
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In the 1848 election, the Whig Platform focused on
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the merits of its nominee
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Why did the Whigs reject Henry Clay as their candidate for president in the election of 1848?
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His policy of non-expansion was no longer compelling after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed.
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The most contentious issue in the election of 1848 was
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whether to permit slavery in the vast area just acquired from Mexico.
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The Wilmot Proviso proposed that
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slavery should be banned in the territory gained in the Mexican war.
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How did the generals Winfield Scott and Zachary Taylor differ?
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Winfield Scott was arrogant, whereas Zachary Taylor lacked pretension.
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What was Abraham Lincoln's position on the Mexican War?
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He opposed the war and felt that territorial expansion was a threat to America's future
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The Free-Soil Party emerged during the Mexican-American War was committed to
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keeping slavery from spreading.
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After Mexico declared its independence from Spain in 1821, the missions in California
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saw much of their land turned into rancheros.
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Proponents of popular sovereignty believed that
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residents of a territory should decide whether slavery should be permitted there
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What did Ralph Waldo Emerson mean when he said "Mexico will poison us"?
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The conflict over slavery will get worse, not better.
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Who was Brigham Young
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Joseph Smith's successor as leader of the Mormons
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What were the consequences for Mexico and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
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Mexico lost 55 percent of its territory
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What occurred in the mid-1830s to spare the beaver from extinction?
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Consumers began to prefer silk over fur.
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What was the main reason many Americans opposed the annexation of Texas?
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They did not want another slave state admitted to the Union.
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What tribe successfully resisted removal through the 1830s?
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the Seminole in Florida
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Starting in 1860, Southern states began to secede in response to
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the election of Abraham Lincoln
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Western settlement in the midst of the Gold Rush was characterized by its
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transience and lawlessness
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What did votes on the five bills of the Compromise of 1850 reveal?
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a growing sectionalism
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Why might many Southerners have been disappointed in their fellow Southerner Zachary Taylor?
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Taylor proposed that residents of California and New Mexico decide the question of slavery themselves.
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What was one outcome of the Kansas-Nebraska act?
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a bloody civil conflict between proslavery and antislavery forces in Kansas
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All of the following were signs that the debate over slavery was intensifying through the 1850s EXCEPT
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the formation of the American Party.
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The Crittenden Compromise was proposed in response to
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the secession of Southern states
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Confederate officials ordered the Union commander of Fort Sumter to surrender when they learned that
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President Lincoln had ordered that supplies be sent to the fort.
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Why were Republicans able to gain the presidency in the election of 1860?
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The Republicans scored a decisive win in the North.
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In his first inaugural address, President Abraham Lincoln
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promised to enforce federal law in all of the states
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During the 1840s and 1850s, Northern factories strongly benefitted from the introduction of
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steam power
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President Pierce attempted to strengthen the Democratic Party and unite the nation by emphasizing
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an aggressive foreign policy
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What was the Underground Railroad?
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a network that helped slaves escape to Canada
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In the House and the Senate, the Kansas-Nebraska Act was voted against by every
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Northern Whig
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Under the Compromise of 1850, in which of the following territories or states would residents decide whether or not slavery should be permitted
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New Mexico
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Whom did the Southern Democrats nominate for the 1860 presidential election?
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John C. Breckinridge
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Visitors to the 1853 Crystal Palace Exhibition in New York City could have seen examples of all of the following EXCEPT
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the telephone
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The Gold Rush resulted in all of the following except
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the institution of slavery in the West.
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In 1852, the California state legislature bolstered segregation by imposing a heavy tax on
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Chinese miners
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The Republican Party's first candidate in a presidential election was
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John C. Fremont
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Why did poor white Southerners support a slave society in which they had so little power?
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They believed in the inferiority of African Americans
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All of the following are true of the southern cotton from 1840 to 1860 except that
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its profitability enabled Southerners to become less dependent on Northern industry
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Who was most instrumental in ensuring that the Compromise of 1850 passed
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Stephen A. Douglas
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Free-Sailers and abolitionists were outraged by the Kansas-Nebraska Act because it
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was viewed as evidence that Southerners planned to extend slavery wherever possible
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In the Lincoln-Douglas debates, Abraham Lincoln stated his belief that
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African Americans were entitled to rights
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John Brown hoped that his raid on Harpers Ferry would
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start a slave rebellion throughout the South
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Members of Young America supported which of the following
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extending Americans influence throughout the Americas
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By 1860, the percentage of Southerners who owned slaves was
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about 25 percent
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What was the effect of the Lincoln-Douglas debates?
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Abraham Lincoln became known across the nation
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Why did Franklin Pierce handily win the presidential election of 1852?
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As a Northerner with Southern sympathies, he bridged the sectional divide.
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The creation of interchangeable parts benefited American industry by making it possible to
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speed up the manufacturing process
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What did the Kansas-Nebraska Act accomplish?
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the creation of Kansas and Nebraska as separate territories and the repeal of the Missouri Compromise Line
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The greatest concern relating to California's desire to enter the Union was
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the threat to the balance between free and slave states
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What attitude would Northern manufacturers most likely have had toward immigrants?
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They would have welcomed immigrants as a source of cheap labor.
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The Fugitive Slave Act included all of the following provisions EXCEPT that
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handsome bounties were awarded to those who returned fugitives to their owners.
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Members of the American Party were commonly referred to as the
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Know-Nothings
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What territories did President Pierce propose acquiring?
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Hawaii, Alaska, and Cuba
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Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe influenced Northerners in what way?
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They became more hostile toward slavery.
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John Brown's raid on a federal arsenal occurred in the state of
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Virginia
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In the controversial Dred Scott decision, the Supreme court declared that
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neither enslaved nor free African American could become citizens.
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Southerners' demands that Northerners comply with the Fugitive Slave Act contradicted
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their support of states' rights.
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The passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act led to the dissolution of
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the Whig Party
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Who was elected the President of the Confederate States?
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Jefferson Davis
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Which aspect of the Compromise of 1850 proved to be most controversial?
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the fugitive slave act
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Who succeeded Zachary Taylor as president after his death?
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Millard Fillmore
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Southern congressmen told Stephen Douglas that they would approve his plan for Kansas and Nebraska if it included
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the repeal of the ban on slavery north of the 3630 line.
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The democrats struggled in the presidential election of 1860 after
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the party split into sectional factions.
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During the Gold Rush, 80 percent of the new arrivals to California were
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American-born
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