Psychology Unit 13 Test Answers – Flashcards

An approach to psychotherapy that depending on the clients problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy.

Example: using principles from cognitive theory and psychodynamic approaches with a specific client

Treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties.

Example: psychoanlysis, humanistic, behavior therapy, and cognitive therapy

Freud’s theory of personality and therapeutic technique that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts. Freud believed the patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences—and the therapist’s interpretations of them—released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight.

Example: Someone is constantly in a struggle with themselves. Their struggles go back to a childhood struggle with their parents.eThe things they do as “grown ups” is because of their repressed memories and desires and our unconscious drives them to do them.

In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material.

Example: Repressing a memory of childhood sexual abuse and not bringing it up because of the intense feelings of anxiety it brings.

In psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight.

Example: When a client is freely speaking, the therapist would pick up on the hidden meanings of their stories for a further insight into their mind.

In psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships

Example: You talk about your love for a friend so often that the feelings begin to transfer to the therapist.

Therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight.

Example: Using childhood memories and underlying emotions to help understand a patients problems in the current relationship or situation.

A variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses. (Humanistic Therapy)

Example: A therapist has a client with low self-esteem and explores the client’s history with for example bullies, to explain the current feelings or behavior.

A humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients’ growth. (Also called person-centered therapy.)

Example: A therapist focusing on the need for human self-actualization, could be used when a client comes in needing to get more out of life instead of with a serious problem

Giving the speaker empathic attention by echoing, restating, and clarifying what the speaker said so he/she know you were paying attention. A feature of Rogers’ client-centered therapy.

Example: Giving the client a reassuring feeling while listening by trying to understand and pay full attention too

A caring, accepting, non-judgmental attitude, which Carl Rodgers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance

Example: Using paraphrasing to summarize a clients feelings, Inviting clarification in asking what an example of a certain feeling will bring, Reflect feelings – “that sounds frustrating”

Behavior therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.

Example: The goal is to get rid of the problem so for example – put someone infront of their phobia

A behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; includes exposure therapies and aversive conditioning.

Example: In the case of little albert, if this was used, they would try to replace the fear with happiness.

Behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear and avoid.

Example: If someone is very afraid of water, this kind of therapy would involve going into a pool or ocean or lake to face their fear.

A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.

Example: A way of getting over a phobia through a slow process of getting closer to it. If a client is scared of water, first he/she would write why he/she is scared, then look at pictures of water, then go to a beach and sit on the sand, then put his/her feet in the water, then fully go into the water.

An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking.

Example: When a phobia is too expensive to try systematic desensitization, so you can do a virtual version of the fear, like for flying you can project images and have vibrations of a plane to get a realistic feeling

A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol).

Example: Learning to associate not being able to breathe and coughing with smoking, so you want to stop smoking.

An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats

Example: When a child with bad behavior acts nicely for a week he gets to go get a new toy.

Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions.

Example: Trying to reroute anxious thoughts about friendships with looking at the true meanings of them and learning why it’s unrealistic and learning to think better.

A popular integrative therapy that combines changing self-defeating thinking with changing actions/responses.

Example: If someone doesn’t get a promotion and is thinking it’s because her boss hates her, this kind of therapy would counter that thought and instead focus her energy on what she can do better instead of thinking negatively.

Therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individuals behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members.

Example: When a family seems to be isolating themselves from eachother, family therapy might help too bring them closer and see themselves as connected and as one again.

The tendency for extreme or unusual scores to fall back (regress) toward their average.

Example: If someone usually gets 90% on tests in a class, and gets a 100% on a test, it’s likely that the scores will go back to around 90% after.

A procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies.

Example: Using results from past studies to make the current study stronger

Clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences.

Example: ???

Prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient’s nervous system.

Example: drugs, such as antidepressants

The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior.

Prescribed medicine used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder.

Example: Help to manage hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thinking

Involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target certain dopamine receptors.

Example: Lip-puckering or smacking, tongue protrusion, respiratory irregularity and difficulty breathing, rapid eye-blinking or involuntary movements of the limbs, torso and fingers.

Drugs used to control anxiety and agitation

Prescribed medication used to treat low spirits/moods; also increasingly prescribed for anxiety. Different types work by altering the availability of various neurotransmitters.

A biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient.

Example: For a patient too depressed to be helped by drug therapy, if they are shocked in the brain with electricity for a period of time and it relieves 80% of patients depression.

The application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity.

Example: Help depressed patients minus the memory loss and side affects, patients are also wide awake during the procedure

Medical procedure that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior.

A now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain.

The personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma.

Example: This can help someone recover from bullying or any other traumatic experience