question

The self-concept that you have in mind at a given time is referred to as a _________ self-concept.

answer

working

question

According to Higgens, a discrepancy between the actual self and the ideal self is most likely to trigger the emotion of _____________.

answer

dejection

question

Self-guide preference appear to be rooted in parent-child ____________ and individual's _____________.

answer

interactions, temperament

question

____________ affects self concept in the following ways: -how people think and feel about others -less self-conscious in some situations -a situation can indirectly affect self-concept

answer

social context

question

______________ involves putting personal goals ahead of group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group memberships.

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individualism

question

Your friend Tyra has decided to postpone starting business school for two years in order to help her family operate their small hardware store during her dad's illness. She is exhibiting a characteristic behavior of persons from a(n) ________ culture.

answer

collectivist

question

When interpreting the results of research on self-esteem, one must keep in mind that one cannot draw _________ conclusions regarding self-esteem based on the research.

answer

causal

question

The ____________ suggest that self-esteem is a subjective measure of one's interpersonal popularity and success.

answer

sociometer theory

question

Ted's mother wears a t-shirt that says "Because I'm your mom, that's why!" She is usually critical of her son and his friends, and only rarely allows him to give his opinion in family decision-making. Ted's mom is exhibiting the traits associated with the ________ parenting style.

answer

authoritarian

question

____________ are the inferences that people make about what causes their behavior.

answer

self-attributions

question

People who attribute their setbacks to internal, stable, and global factors are exhibiting a ____________ explanatory style.

answer

pessimistic

question

Advertisers of personal care products are tapping into the _______ motive.

answer

self-improvement

question

The tendency to attribute one's failures to ________________ is consistent with the self-serving bias.

answer

situational factors

question

All of the following are sources of ____________: -soliciting encouragement and advice from others -mastering new skills -watching others perform a skill one wants to learn

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self-efficacy

question

An __________ is an inference about the causes of behavior.

answer

attribution

question

Explaining your friend's poor performance on a test by suggesting that the test was unfair exemplifies the ___________ type of attribution.

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external

question

The best-known experiments on the self-fulfilling prophecy have been conducted in ____________ settings.

answer

classroom

question

All of the following are reasons why ____________ persist: -confirmation bias -self-fulfilling prophecy -cognitive functionality

answer

stereotypes

question

The tendency for people to see what they expect to see helps to perpetuate _______________.

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stereotypes

question

The fact that first impressions have a powerful influence on perceptions of others is most consistent with the concept of the _______________.

answer

primacy effect

question

___________ is defined as a negative attitude toward some group.

answer

prejudice

question

All of the following are considered to be contributors to racial __________: -the fundamental attribution error -stereotyping -defensive attribution

answer

prejudice

question

An example of applying intergroup contact as a means for reducing prejudice is the "____________."

answer

jigsaw classroom

question

Persuasion is most likely to be successful when the source of the persuasive communication is perceived as _______________.

answer

trustworthy

question

Conformity occurs when people change their behavior in response to real or imagined __________________.

answer

social pressure

question

Asch found that group size had little influence on group conformity if just one accomplice failed to ____________ the rest of the group.

answer

go along with

question

The important conclusion from Milgram's study of obedience is that ___________________ can cause good people to do bad things.

answer

situational pressures

question

Researchers think that the reason the food in the door technique is effective is that people have a tendency to ___________________.

answer

behave consistently

question

The ____________ involves getting someone to commit to an attractive deal before revealing its hidden costs.

answer

lowball technique

question

In interpersonal communication, speaker is to encode as receiver is to ____________.

answer

decode

question

When you and your friend make faces at eachother during a class lecture it is an example of ___________________.

answer

nonverbal communication

question

According to Edward Hall, people who interact at distances of 12 feet and beyond are considered to be in the ________ distance zone.

answer

public

question

Basic ___________ are designated as such because the facial expressions associated with them are recognized across world cultures.

answer

emotions

question

Gender patterns in eye contact are most likely to be confounded by ___________.

answer

status

question

The study of communication through body movement is called _____________.

answer

kinesics

question

Anna is speaking rapidly to Steve as she asks him out to lunch. Her paralanguage most likely conveys ________ in this situation.

answer

anxiety

question

_________________ is the most accurate description of the polygraph machine.

answer

emotion detector

question

_________________ is the most common response to communication apprehension.

answer

communication avoidance

question

____________ is the type of conflict that is the most difficult to manage.

answer

ego conflict

question

Lauren hates it when Eric leaves the cap off the toothpaste, but she's never told him this, because she doesn't want to "make a scene." Besides, she hopes he'll get better on his own. Lauren's behavior exemplifies which of the following styles of managing conflict?

answer

avoidance

question

Which style of managing conflict tends to become a black and white, win or lose confrontation?

answer

competition

question

You're the boss. You have a relatively minor conflict with a subordinate. An effective way to manage this situation is to try to set the difference in __________ aside.

answer

status

question

Collectivist societies place a higher value on ____________ harmony than assertiveness.

answer

interpersonal

question

Cancer, heart disease, and stroke are all considered __________ diseases.

answer

chronic

question

The greatest threat to health in our society today is posed by _____________.

answer

chronic diseases

question

Studies of the immune system in humans have found that stress is related to ________ levels of immune activity.

answer

decreased

question

Virtually all of the research on stress and physical health in humans is ________________.

answer

correlational

question

___________has been shown to increase the risk of such diseases as lung cancer, arteriosclerosis, and emphysema.

answer

smoking

question

Health risks after quitting smoking decline until they reach a normal level after about ____ years.

answer

15

question

ypically, people are considered obese if their weight exceeds their ideal body weight by ________ percent.

answer

20

question

The main function of vitamins and minerals is to help release ________ from other foods.

answer

energy

question

All of the following is good advice for devising an exercise program: -look for an activity that you will find enjoyable -exercise regularly without overdoing it -increase your participation gradually

answer

exercise program

question

________ carriers often remain healthy and symptom-free for many years after they are infected.

answer

HIV

question

All of the following is considered a common barrier to effective provider-patient ____________: -medical visits are very brief, allowing little time for discussion -many providers use too much medical jargon -some patients are evasive about their real concerns because they fear a serious diagnosis

answer

communication

question

____________ involves progressive decrease in responsiveness to a drug with continued use.

answer

tolerance

question

Because he quit an addictive drug, Michael is experiencing vomiting, diarrhea, chills, and tremors. Michael is probably withdrawing from _____________.

answer

barbiturates

question

The most significant narcotics problem in modern Western society is the use of ________.

answer

heroin

question

Use of hallucinogens is most likely to result in distortions in sensory and perceptual experience?

answer

hallucinogens

Psychology Test 2 (Book Practice Quizzes)

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