Psychology of Sport and Exercise CH 12 – Flashcards
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Which of the following is NOT a phase in Smith's cognitive-affective stress management training?
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post treatment assessment
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Progressive relaxation was developed by
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Edmund Jacobson
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Stress inoculation training focuses on which of the following mental techniques to reduce stress?
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imagery and self-talk
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Athletes should make sure that when they are performing a skill under pressure, they
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breathe out during execution of the skill
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The elements necessary to achieve the relaxation response include
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a quiet environment, a passive attitude, a mental device, a comfortable position
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Both Ron Smith's cognitive-affective stress management training and Don Meichenbaum's stress inoculation training are examples of ___________ anxiety programs.
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multimodal
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Which of the following levels of effort produced the fastest running times of 400-meter runners?
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95%
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Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding research findings on coping in sport?
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athletes use both adaptive and nonadaptive coping strategies, athletes who had more adaptive coping strategies had higher performance
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Which of the following is (are) NOT a basic tenet of progressive relaxation?
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tension and relaxation can occur simultaneously
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Which of the following can be useful as an on-site strategy to help reduce tension?
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smile when the pressure is coming on, slow down, stay focused in the present
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An athlete who is under activated commonly experiences which of the following?
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heavy feeling in the legs, mind wandering
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The suggested ratio for the time of inhalation to exhalation when using breath control as a relaxation device is
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1:02
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Before starting progressive relaxation you should
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dim the lights, lie down in a comfortable position
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Which of the following is NOT a phase in the hypnosis process?
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autogenic phase
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Relaxation (anxiety reduction) techniques are usually classified as
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cognitive and somatic
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Which of the following is (are) NOT among the interventions for cognitive-affective stress management training?
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systematic desensitization
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The two sensations that are emphasized in autogenic training are
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warmth and heaviness
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Autogenic training was developed by
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Schultz and Luthe
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Which of the following statements regarding hypnosis is (are) true?
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the more open individuals are to receiving suggestions, the more likely they will benefit from hypnosis, negative suggestions almost always result in a decrease in performance, the deeper the trance, the more likely the hypnosis will be effective
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A good way to increase awareness of psychological states in sport is to
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monitor and record your psychological states immediately after practice and competition
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Which of the following is (are) NOT a stage in autogenic training?
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cooling of the extremities
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The two most widely accepted coping categories are known as
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problem-focused and emotion-focused coping
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Excess anxiety can produce
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inappropriate muscle tension, inappropriate thoughts, somatic (physiological) reactions
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A good starting point for increasing awareness of arousal states is to
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visualize your best and worst performances
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Which of the following is NOT a coping strategy typically employed by elite athletes?
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superstition
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The matching hypothesis refers to
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matching the type of anxiety management technique to the specific anxiety problem of each individual athlete
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Ost has developed an applied relaxation technique using progressive relaxation that can be done at competitions in
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20 to 30 seconds
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The basic premise of stress inoculation training is to
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expose the individual to increasing amounts of stress, thereby enhancing the person's immunity to stress
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According to the research on biofeedback by Landers and his colleagues,
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biofeedback provides a mechanism for coping with precompetitive anxiety, biofeedback can improve the performance of rifle shooters, biofeedback provides shooters with a greater awareness of their heart and respiration rates
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According to the study by Eubank and Collins, individuals perceiving their anxiety as
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facilitative (as opposed to debilitative) use more, emotion-focused coping, problem-focused coping
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Cognitive restructuring attempts to
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identify and modify stress-inducing self-statements
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The state of mind produced by the relaxation response is similar to that described during
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transcendental meditation
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The relaxation response was developed by
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Herbert Benson
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Using an electronic monitoring device that can detect and amplify internal responses not ordinarily available to us is known as
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biofeedback
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According to research by Gould and colleagues with elite athletes, athletes
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prepared for unexpected events, placed a great deal of importance on mental training
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Effective breathing occurs from the
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diaphragm
