Psychology in Everyday Life: Chapter 11- – Flashcards
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Resistance
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in psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight
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transference
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in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)
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psychodynamic therapy
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therapeutic approach derived from the psychoanalytic tradition; views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences and seeks to enhance self insight
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Insight therapies
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therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person's awareness of underlying motives and defenses
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client center therapy
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a humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathetic environment to promote clients' growth. Also called person centered therapy
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active listening
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empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client centered therapy
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unconditional positive regard
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a caring, accepting, non judgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believes help clients develop self awareness and self acceptance.
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behavior therapy
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therapeutic approach that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors
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counterconditioning
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behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; includes exposure therapies and aversive therapies
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exposure therapies
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behvaior techniques such as systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy, that treat anxieties by exposing people ( in imagination or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid.
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systematic desensitization
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a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant, relaxed states with gradually increasing, anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.
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Virtual reality exposure therapy
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a counterconditioning technique that treats anxiety by creative electronic simulations in which people can safely face their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders or public speaking
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aversive conditioning
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a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (nausea) with an unwanted behavior (drinking alcohol)
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token economy
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a operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token for exhibiting a desired behavior an can later exchange the tokens for privileges of treats
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cognitive therapy
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therapeutic approach that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions
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cognitive behavioral therapy
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a popular integrative therapy that combines a cognitive therapy (changing self defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)
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Group therapy
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therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, providing benefits from group interaction
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family therapy
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therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influences by or directed at, other family members
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evidence based practice
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clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences.
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antipsychotic drugs
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drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of serves thought disorders.
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anitanxiety drugs
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drugs used to control anxiety and agitation
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antidepressant drugs
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drugs used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD
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electroconvulsive therapy
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a biomedical therapy fro severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient
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repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
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the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy tot he brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity
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psychosurgery
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surgery that removes on destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior
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lobotomy
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a psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connective the front lobes tot he emotion controlling center of the inner brain
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resilience
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the personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma.
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A therapist who helps patients search for unconscious roots of their problems and offer interpretations of their behaviors, feelings, and dreams is drawing from
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psychoanalysis
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(Blank) therapies are designed to help individuals discover the thoughts and feelings that guide their motivation and behavior
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Insight
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Compared with psychoanalysis, humanistic therapies are more like to emphasize
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Self fulfillment and growth
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A therapist who restates and clarifies the client's statements is practicing
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active listening
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The of behavior therapy is to
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eliminate unwanted behavior
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Behavior therapies often use (blank) techniques such as systematic desensitization and aversive conditioning to encourage clients to produce new responses to old stimuli
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counterconditioning
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The technique of (blank) teaches people to relax in the presence of progressively more anxiety provoking stimuli
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systematic desensitization
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At a treatment center, people who display a desired behavior receive coins that they can later exchange for other rewards. This is an example of
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token economy
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Cognitive therapy has been especially effective in treating
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depression
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Blank) therapy helps people the change their self defeating ways of thinking and to act out those changes in their daily behavior
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cognitive therapy
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In family therapy, the family therapist assumes that
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each person's actions trigger reactions from other family members
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The most enthusiastic or optimistic view of the effectiveness of psychotherapy comes from
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reports of clinicians and clients
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Studies show that (blank) therapy is the most effective treatment for most psychological disorders
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no one type of
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What are the three comparisons of evidence based practice?
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research evidence, clinical expertise, and knowledge of the patient
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How does the placebo effect bias patients' attitudes about the effectiveness of drug therapies
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The placebo effect is the healing power of belief in a treatment. When a patient expect a treatment to be effective they may believe it was
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Some antipsychotic drugs, used t calm people with schizophrenia, can have unpleasant side effects, most notably
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sluggish, tremors, and twitches
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Drugs such as Xanax and Ativan, which depress central nervous system activity, can become addictive when used as ongoing treatment. These drugs are referred to as (blank) drugs
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antianxiety
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A simple salt that often brings relief to patients suffering the highs and low of bipolar disorder is
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lithium
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When drug therapies have not been effective, electroconvulsive therapy may be used as treatment largely for people with
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severe depression
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An approach that seeks to identify and alleviate conditions that put people at high risk for developing psychological disorders is called
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preventative mental health
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