question

Which of the following is a reason why children of African descent vary more in body size than children of other ethnicities?

answer

They are more genetically diverse.

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The most common disease of young children in developed nations is:

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early tooth decay.

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An example of a gross motor skill is

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waving good-bye

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A good example of a fine motor skill is

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using scissors to cut paper.

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Myelination

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speeds up the transmission of neural impulses

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Which of the following is true regarding left-handed people?

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Their corpus callosums tend to be thicker than those in right-handed people

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Piaget called cognitive development between the ages of 2 and 6 ______ intelligence

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preoperational

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Thinking about one idea at a time, ignoring other ideas, is known as

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centration

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Irreversibility refers to the preoperational child's tendency to

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be unable to think backwards from a conclusion to the beginning.

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Krista understands that 4 + 6 = 10 but does not understand that 10 - 6 = 4. She is displaying

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irreversibility

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Vygotsky's theory includes the idea of

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young children as "apprentices in thinking."

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Preschoolers do not use private speech to

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communicate with those around them

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"I catched two mices in a trap" is an example of

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over regularization

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If a reported incident of child maltreatment has been investigated and verified, it is considered to be

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substantiated

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In which of the following areas will deficits be most apparent in a child who is maltreated?

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social skills

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the average 7 to 11 year old gains about-_ inches per year

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2

question

asthma is a disorder caused by _ of the airways

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inflammation

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Mary age 10 has asthma her parents bought a hepa filter to reduce the amount of dust in her bedroom The represents which level of prevention

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secondary

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The ratio between a persons height and weight is expressed as

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Bmi

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Which of the following is a contributor to the decline in neighborhoods play among children

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stranger danger

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When capable of concrete operational thought children

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Can apply their reasoning to real situations

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The ability to understand the connection between one fact and another, even though it is not stated, is called

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transitive inference.

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You are a professor who believes that our brains work very much like a computer in terms of learning, storing, and retrieving information. With which of the following theories would you most likely agree?

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information processing

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Growth in brain sophistication during middle childhood allows the child to direct his focus on certain stimuli to the exclusion of others. This ability is known as

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selective attention

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the process by which thoughts and actions are repeated in sequence enough times to no longer require much conscious thought is called

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automatization

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The memory system in which signals are held for less than a second, yet long enough for one to process them further, is:

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the sensory memory

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metacognition refers to

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thinking about ones thinking processes

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To teach a child a second language through explicit instruction the most effective approach is to start during

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middle childhood about age 7

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The approach to second-language learning in which children spend the entire school day instructed in the second language is referred to as the:

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immersion approach.

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Achievement tests are designed to measure:

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how much has been learned.

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Children with attention-deficit disorders:

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experience difficulty in concentrating.

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Erikson's stage that occurs between 3 and 6 years of age is called:

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initiative versus guilt

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A drive or reason to pursue a goal that comes from inside a person is called:

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intrinsic motivation

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Excessive guilt, shame, or sense of worthlessness constitutes which of the following?

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internalizing problems

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Children usually prefer to play with:

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their peers

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Play that mimics aggression through wrestling, chasing, or hitting, but is not intended to harm is called

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rough and tumble

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Authoritarian parents:

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seem aloof from their children

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Parents who set limits, enforce rules, and listen receptively to their children are exhibiting the:

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authoritative pattern of parenting.

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The child most likely to have permissive parents is:

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Paul, who is unhappy and lacks self-control

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Identify the prosocial behavior

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. Beth feeds her baby brother because her mother is sick.

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Which type of aggression tends to be characteristic of 2-year-olds?

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reactive

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Karen is trying to determine how long her 4-year-old daughter should sit in time-out for deliberately pouring her juice on the floor. If she uses the suggested estimate, her daughter will be in time-out for:

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4 minutes

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Freud believed that preschool boys

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secretly want to replace their fathers.

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Children's "increasing ability to regulate themselves, to take responsibility, and to exercise self-control" all contribute to their sense of:

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autonomy

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Which of the following best defines effortful control?

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the ability to regulate one's emotions and actions through effort, not simply through natural inclination

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According to Freud, which of the following will 8-year-old Sven experience?

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repression of his psychosexual needs

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Which of the following attributes is typical of school-age children?

answer

They engage in social comparison.

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During the school years, self-esteem typically:

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decreases

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Andrea is a typical 11-year-old whose growing self-consciousness and self-criticism drive her to frequently compare herself with her peers. If Andrea is like most children, such comparisons will:

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reduce her self-esteem.

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Unrealistically high or low self-esteem correlates with:

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increased aggression.

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The child who weathers severe family problems, even abuse, and somehow remains unscathed in the process is called:

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resilient

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In childhood, how children react to a serious stressor depends primarily on

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how many other stressors are present

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A major coping measure that helps children and families deal with problems and stress is

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social support

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Developing self-respect, nurturing friendships with peers, and encouraging learning are three of the:

answer

functions of a family

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Which of the following factors have the greatest influence on whether or not children thrive in a blended family?

answer

the SES and emotional security of the parents

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In the United States, which of the following ethnic groups is most likely to accept and support single parents?

answer

african americans

question

The family-stress model, as applied to economic conditions, illustrates that:

answer

the parents reaction to poverty is a crucial factor in family stress

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By the age of 10, which of the following is true regarding friendships?

answer

both boys and girls want to have best friends

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Social cognition refers to:

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the ability to understand social interactions

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The best example of an aggressive-rejected child is:

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Veru, who is disliked by most children because she is so uncooperative

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Male bullies are often:

answer

above average in size

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Girls who bully typically:

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mock and ridicule their victim.

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Kohlberg measured morality by:

answer

analyzing how people reason about what is right and wrong.

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Stella's parents observed that she has begun to participate in moral arguments on issues of right and wrong. Her matured moral thinking is due to:

answer

concrete operational thinking and peer experience.

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