Psychology Chapter 3-A: the Human Sleep Cycle, Focusing Conscious Awareness – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere is called
answer
inattentional blindness
question
While a man provided directions to a construction worker, two experimenters rudely interrupted by passing between them carrying a door. The man's failure to notice that the construction worker was replaced by a different person during this interruption illustrates
answer
change blindness.
question
A specialty area that focuses on the connections between brain activity and mental processes is known as
answer
cognitive neuroscience.
question
Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus is called
answer
selective attention.
question
A bank teller was so distracted by the sight of a bank robber's weapon that she failed to perceive important features of the criminal's physical appearance. This best illustrates
answer
selective attention
question
A periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness that involves distinct stages is known as
answer
sleep.
question
With the approach of night, our body temperatures begin to drop. This best illustrates the dynamics of the
answer
circadian rhythm.
question
The brain waves associated with REM sleep are most similar to those of
answer
NREM-1 sleep.
question
REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because
answer
our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.
question
During REM sleep, your skeletal muscles are relaxed because messages from the motor cortex are blocked by the
answer
brainstem
question
The absence of a hypothalamic neural center that produces orexin has been linked to
answer
narcolepsy.
question
Which of the following is bad advice for a person trying to overcome insomnia?
answer
Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before bedtime.
question
A recurring difficulty in falling or staying asleep is called
answer
insomnia.
question
Particularly among men, sleep apnea is linked with
answer
obesity
question
An air pump that keeps the sleeper's airway open and breathing regular is often prescribed for serious cases of
answer
sleep apnea
question
The best time for athletes to engage in heavy exercise workouts is
answer
late afternoon or early evening.
question
Production of the human growth hormone necessary for muscle development is most strongly associated with
answer
slow-wave sleep.
question
When 909 working women reported on their daily moods, researchers noted that less time pressure at work mattered ________ and a good night's sleep mattered ________.
answer
a lot; a lot
question
Compared with when they were only 20 years old, 60-year-olds
answer
spend less time in deep sleep.
question
Research on sleep patterns indicates that
answer
sleep patterns may be genetically influenced.
question
Three hours after going to sleep, Shoshanna's heart rate increases, her breathing becomes more rapid, and her eyes move rapidly under her closed lids. Research suggests that Shoshanna is
answer
dreaming.
question
The occasional experience of sleep paralysis is most likely as you awaken from
answer
REM sleep.
question
Neural activity that reenacts and promotes recall of prior novel experiences is most closely associated with
answer
slow-wave sleep.
question
Sleep deprivation ________ the production of body fat by ________ levels of the stress hormone cortisol.
answer
stimulates; increasing
question
Bats need a lot of sleep because their high waking metabolism produces ________ that are toxic to neurons.
answer
free radicals
question
Sleep deprivation has been shown to
answer
diminish immunity to disease.
question
Traffic accident rates have been found to ________ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to ________ after the fall change back to standard time.
answer
increase; decrease
question
REM sleep is
answer
facilitated by alcohol and inhibited by sleeping pills.
question
Compared with adults, children are
answer
more likely to experience night terrors and more likely to experience sleepwalking.
question
Nightmares are to ________ as night terrors are to ________.
answer
REM sleep; NREM-3 sleep
question
The pop-out phenomenon illustrates that some stimuli almost inevitably trigger
answer
selective attention.
question
When their attention is focused on a task such as reading, people are less likely to ________ than when their mind is wandering.
answer
blink their eyes
question
A capacity to monitor simultaneously the color, shape, and motion of an object best illustrates
answer
parallel processing.
question
A visual perception track enables most people to recognize objects at nearly the same time that a visual action track enables them to avoid bumping into the objects. This best illustrates
answer
dual processing.
question
At 1:00 A.M., Luis gets out of bed and begins to sleepwalk. An EEG of his brain activity is most likely to indicate the presence of
answer
delta waves.
question
During a heated argument with his teenage daughter, Mr. Reid suddenly lapsed into a state of REM sleep. Mr. Reid apparently suffers from
answer
narcolepsy.
question
Which of the following is the best advice for a person concerned about occasional insomnia?
answer
Relax and drink a glass of milk before bedtime.
question
Our inability to consciously process all the sensory information available to us at any single point in time best illustrates the necessity of
answer
selective attention
question
Which specialty area would be most interested in identifying the cortical activation patterns associated with a person's perception of different objects?
answer
cognitive neuroscience
question
Even if musically inclined, it is difficult to tap a steady three times with your left hand while tapping four times with your right hand because both tasks require
answer
conscious attention.
question
Christy failed to notice that she received her ice cream in a sugar cone rather than a waffle cone as she had requested. She later indicated to another customer that she preferred sugar cones over waffle cones. Christy's behavior most clearly illustrates
answer
choice blindness.
question
Most college students are "owls," with performance ________ across the day. Most older adults are "larks," with performance ________ as the day progresses.
answer
improving; declining
question
Jordanna has decided to go to bed early. Although her eyes are closed and she's very relaxed, she has not yet fallen asleep. An EEG is most likely to indicate the presence of
answer
alpha waves.
question
The human sleep cycle repeats itself about every
answer
90 minutes.
question
People who regularly sleep less than normal experience a(n) ________ risk of depression and a(n) ________ risk of obesity.
answer
increased; increased
question
The circadian rhythm is influenced by light-sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the
answer
suprachiasmatic nucleus
question
The cocktail party effect provides an example of
answer
selective attention.
question
Shown the hollow face illusion, people will mistakenly perceive the inside of a mask as a protruding face. Yet, they will accurately reach into the inverted mask to flick off a buglike target stuck on the face. This best illustrates the capacity for
answer
dual processing.
question
During the course of a full night's sleep, people are most likely to spend more time in
answer
REM sleep than in NREM-1 sleep.
question
Sensory experiences that occur without an external sensory stimulus are called
answer
hallucinations.
question
Bed-wetting is most likely to occur at the end of ________ sleep.
answer
NREM-3
question
Which of the following animals tend to sleep the least?
answer
giraffes
question
Susan is a political cartoonist whose work requires her to think imaginatively and present ideas in visually novel ways. Her work is most likely to be facilitated by
answer
full nights of sleep.
question
Exposure to bright light causes the
answer
pineal gland to decrease the production of melatonin
question
Genital arousal is most likely to be associated with
answer
REM sleep
question
Three hours after going to sleep, Shoshanna's heart rate increases, her breathing becomes more rapid, and her eyes move rapidly under her closed lids. Research suggests that Shoshanna is
answer
dreaming
question
At 3 o'clock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of
answer
REM sleep
question
Forty-year-old Lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably
answer
would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep
question
The simultaneous processing of information at both conscious and unconscious levels is called
answer
dual processing
question
Compared with unconscious information processing, conscious information processing is relatively
answer
slow and especially effective for solving new problems
question
In which of the following disorders does the person repeatedly stop breathing while asleep?
answer
sleep apnea
question
Bats need a lot of sleep because their high waking metabolism produces ________ that are toxic to neurons
answer
free radicals
question
The activation of light-sensitive retinal proteins in our eyes signals our brains to decrease production of
answer
melatonin
question
Consciousness is to unconsciousness as ________ is to ________
answer
sequential processing; parallel processing
question
Circadian rhythm refers to
answer
a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle
question
Hypnagogic sensations are most closely associated with ________ sleep.
answer
NREM-1
question
Night terrors typically occur
answer
during NREM-3 sleep.
question
Narcolepsy is a disorder in which a person
answer
experiences uncontrollable attacks of overwhelming sleepiness.
question
Mr. Oates always sleeps restlessly, snorting and gasping throughout the night. It is most likely that Mr. Oates suffers from
answer
sleep apnea
question
If asked to watch a video and press a key each time a black-shirted player passed a basketball, most research participants remained unaware of an umbrella-toting woman strolling across the video screen. This illustrated
answer
latent content
question
After flying from California to New York, Arthur experienced a restless, sleepless night. His problem was most likely caused by a disruption of his normal
answer
circadian rhythm.
question
The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during NREM-2 sleep are called
answer
sleep spindles
question
After sleeping for about an hour and a half, José enters a phase of paradoxical sleep. He is likely to
answer
have very relaxed muscles
question
Although we may be unaware of our gender prejudices, they often influence the way we consciously perceive males and females. This best illustrates
answer
dual processing.
question
A condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it is known as
answer
blindsight.
question
When working an occasional night shift, people often feel groggiest in the middle of the night but experience new energy around the time they normally would wake up. This best illustrates the impact of
answer
the circadian rhythm
question
Drivers are slower to detect traffic signals if they are talking on a cell phone. This best illustrates the impact of
answer
selective attention
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New