Psych101: Chapter 10 Social Psychology
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
In Solomon Asch's study, confederates were instructed to
answer
give the incorrect answer to the line-matching task.
question
A person demanding _______ has power or authority to command a behavioral change, rather than just ask for a change.
answer
obedience
question
In the Milgram study and several similar studies, between _____ percent of the participants went all the way up to the 450-volt shock level.
answer
61 and 66
question
A person tries to change the belief, opinion, or course of action of another person through
answer
persuasion.
question
_____ is the attitude about members of a particular social group and _____ is the behavior that can result from that attitude.
answer
Prejudice; discrimination
question
The formation of in-groups and out-groups
answer
begins in childhood.
question
The effect that people's awareness of the stereotypes associated with their social group has on their behavior is
answer
stereotype vulnerability.
question
According to Sternberg, love consists of intimacy, passion, and
answer
commitment.
question
Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love says that companionate love consists of
answer
intimacy and commitment.
question
_______ occurs when a person fails to take responsibility for actions or for inaction because of the presence of other people who are seen to share the responsibility.
answer
Diffusion of responsibility
question
The "learner" in Milgram's study
answer
was an actor following a carefully arranged script.
question
The fact that Kitty Genovese did not receive help was most likely due to _____.
answer
the presence of multiple witnesses
question
Research on conformity suggests that if a _____ response is required, ______ show more conformity than ______.
answer
public; women; men
question
The war in Iraq, the design of the ship Titanic, and the Challenger disaster are all given in the textbook as examples of
answer
groupthink.
question
Attitudes
answer
are learned through experiences and contact with others.
question
People can reduce cognitive dissonance by
answer
forming new cognitions to justify their behavior.
question
Scapegoats are
answer
typically members of the out-group.
question
Strategies for overcoming prejudice include
answer
education and equal status contact.
question
The sadistic behavior of the "guards" in Philip Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Study
answer
highlighted the influence that a social role can have on ordinary people.
question
If your roommate asks you for a ride to campus and you agree, and then the next day asks if he can borrow your car, it is an example of the
answer
foot-in-the-door technique.
question
Cindy tastes peas for the first time and realizes she does not like them. Cindy formed her attitude about peas through the process of
answer
direct contact.
question
Justin walks into the morning meeting 15 minutes late. His boss, Marco, assumes that traffic was bad this morning. Marco is using an example of
answer
situational cause.
question
Shawn and Tanya start talking after they've ridden on the dorm elevator several times together. This is an example of which rule of attraction?
answer
proximity
question
Karen intentionally tries to hurt Lisa by spreading rumors about her. Karen is engaging in
answer
aggression.
question
Jim jumped into the ocean to save a drowning man, risking his own life in the process. This is an example of
answer
altruism.
question
The door-in-the-face technique involves
answer
asking for a large commitment and then, after being refused, asking for a smaller commitment.
question
When trying to persuade an audience, the message should
answer
present both sides of the argument.
question
The Challenger disaster is a classic example of groupthink because
answer
some people knew the shuttle was not OK to launch but did not speak up and therefore disrupt group cohesion.
question
As we interact with others on a daily basis, our behavior, feelings, and thoughts are often guided by
answer
social influence.
question
Groupthink can be minimized by
answer
voting by secret ballot
question
Chris's roommate asks Chris to do him a favor, and Chris agrees. Chris is showing
answer
compliance.
question
Nicole thinks of herself as an honest, trustworthy person. However, when she doesn't get time to study, she cheats on her history test. Nicole will probably experience
answer
cognitive dissonance.
question
A police officer comes to Jane's office to discuss personal safety with the employees there. Despite the seriousness of his message, the police officer jokes and laughs with the employees. Jane nonetheless takes what she learned seriously and begins to pay more attention to her safety. Jane used ______ when receiving the officer's message.
answer
central-route processing
question
Studies have shown more conformity
answer
in collectivist cultures.
question
When prejudicial attitudes cause members of a particular social group to be treated differently than the others in situations that call for equal treatment, it is called
answer
discrimination.
question
Sigmund Freud believed that aggression is
answer
a basic human instinct.
question
In Sternberg's theory, _______ encompasses the physical aspects of love.
answer
passion
question
_________ is common in college settings, where students and instructors from many different backgrounds live, work, and study together.
answer
Intergroup contact
question
In Milgram's study, as the teachers became reluctant to continue, the experimenter
answer
told them that they had to continue.
question
Fritz Heider developed _______ to explain why people choose the particular explanations of behavior that they do.
answer
attribution theory
question
Social categorization is
answer
a natural process.
question
_____ is the tendency to respond positively or negatively toward a certain person, object, idea, or situation.
answer
Attitude
question
Anthony assumes that happy people are also friendly and talkative. This is an example of
answer
a schema.
question
When someone who thinks they're smart does something they think is stupid, it causes
answer
dissonance.
question
If a jury member voted "guilty" because the defendant had "shifty eyes" and not because of any of the evidence presented, he or she is demonstrating
answer
peripheral-route processing.
question
Harry's friend Logan studies a lot, so Harry assumes that Logan is smart. Harry's belief is based on
answer
implicit personality theory.
question
Research suggests a relationship between the network sites particular students use and their
answer
ethnicity.
question
Some research suggests that ______ is one of the main factors that influence people's choices for selecting people they want to know better.
answer
physical attractiveness
question
The "jigsaw classroom"
answer
works at the college level and in the lower school grades.
question
According to _________ theory, prejudice may result, at least in part, from the need to increase one's own self-esteem by looking down on others.
answer
social identity
question
The "jigsaw classroom"
answer
is a technique that gives each individual only part of the information needed to solve a problem, so they must work with others to find the solution
question
_________ has been linked to higher levels of aggression.
answer
Testosterone
question
Jim is studying in his room and hears someone yell for help. He is at the first helping decision point,
answer
noticing.
question
The area of the brain that controls aggressive responses is the
answer
amygdala.
question
The presence of others is especially important in influencing helping behavior when a situation is
answer
ambiguous.
question
The _________ theory states that aggressive behavior is learned by watching aggressive models get reinforced for their aggressive behavior.
answer
social learning
question
Most people associate the term cult with
answer
a fringe group.
question
Carol is told by a police officer to move her car, and she does so. Carol is showing
answer
obedience.
question
When a person changes his or her own behavior to more closely match the actions of others, this is
answer
conformity.
question
People are less likely to be susceptible to the foot-in-the-door technique
answer
in collectivist cultures.
question
In his experiment on conformity, Asch found that
answer
conformity increased with each new confederate, up to four.
question
Sherif's 1936 study of conformity involved
answer
asking participants to report the movement of a single point of light in a darkened room.
question
Ryan sees a woman collapse in the mall. He doesn't run over to help her because he assumes there is probably someone else in the crowd who is a doctor or nurse and who can provide better assistance. This is an example of
answer
diffusion of responsibility.
question
A woman falls on the sidewalk in front of Ben. There is no one else around. Studies have shown that Ben is _________ in this situation.
answer
more likely to help
question
Racial and ethnicity differences between a victim and a bystander
answer
decrease the probability of helping.
question
People who are in a good mood are less likely to help if
answer
helping will destroy their good mood.
question
When someone who thinks they're smart does something they think is stupid, it causes
answer
dissonance.
question
Assigning a person you have just met to a category based on characteristics they have in common with other people or groups whom you have had prior experience with is called
answer
social categorization.
question
According to the ________, people either expand on what they hear or they pay attention to surface characteristics of persuasive messages.
answer
elaboration likelihood model
question
Attitudes are
answer
poor predictors of actual behavior.
question
John thinks of himself as a good friend. When his friend, Dylan, is in the hospital and asks John to visit him, John lies and says he's too busy. John may then experience
answer
cognitive dissonance.
question
When parents tell their children that smoking cigarettes is dangerous and unhealthy, and the children develop negative attitudes toward smoking, it is an example of
answer
direct instruction.
question
Which of the following memory phenomena has been supported in impression formation?
answer
primacy effect
question
Lashonda is a gifted pianist and is looking for a boyfriend who loves music. Lashonda is focusing on which factor of interpersonal attraction?
answer
similarity
question
Researchers found that reciprocity of liking doesn't work when
answer
a person suffers from feelings of low self-worth.
question
Nick wanted his friend Jason to go skiing with him for the day. Jason didn't want to go because he said it would cost too much money. Nick said it would just cost $20. When they got there, lift tickets cost $20 as Nick said, but Jason also had to pay for ski rentals and rental insurance. Nick used the
answer
lowball technique.
question
To minimize the possibility of groupthink,
answer
leaders should remain impartial.
question
Invulnerability, where members of a group feel they can do no wrong, is a characteristic of
answer
groupthink
question
In Asch's black line experiment, participants
answer
conformed to the group answer about one-third of the time.
question
_____ is the scientific study of how a person's thoughts, feelings, and behavior are influenced by the real, imagined, or implied presence of others.
answer
Social psychology
question
Which of the following emotions about being stereotyped creates a self-fulfilling prophecy?
answer
anxiety about supporting the stereotype
question
______ serve as targets for the frustrations and negative emotions of the in-group.
answer
Scapegoats
