Psych Test Ch 2 – Flashcards
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The two main divisions of the nervous system are the __________ and _____________
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peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system
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What term is used to describe a specialized cell that makes up the nervous system and receives and sends messages within that system?
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Neuron
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Which part of the neuron is responsible for maintaining the life of the cell?
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Soma
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___________ receive messages from other neurons and ______ send messages to other neurons.
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Dendrites; axons
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A cell in the human nervous system whose primary function is to provide insulation and structure for neurons on which they may develop and work is called ______
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Glial cell
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A fatty substance that is wrapped around the shaft of axons in the nervous system and whose function is to insulate neurons and speed up the neural impulse is called a ___________
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Myelin cell
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A nerve is a group of _______ bundled together
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Axons
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During action potential, the electrical charge inside the neuron is _____ the electrical charge outside the neuron
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Positive compared to
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The saclike structures found inside the synaptic knob containing chemical are called _______
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Synaptic vesicles
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A chemical found in the synaptic vesicles that, when released. has an effect on the next cell is called a ______________
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Neurotransmitter
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The action potential causes neurotransmitters to be released into the ________
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synapse
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_________ neurotransmitters make it more likely that a neuron will send its message to other neurons, whereas _______ neurotransmitters make it less likely that a neuron will send its message.
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Excitatory; inhibitory
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Sara has been experiencing a serious memory problem. An interdisciplinary team has ruled out a range of causes and believes that a neurotransmitter is involved. Which neurotransmitter is most likely involved in this problem?
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Acetylcholine
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Curare, a poison, works by ________
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blocking receptor sites and acting as an antagonist for acetylcholine
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Which of the following neurotransmitters functions as a common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?
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GABA
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Endorphins are ____
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Pain-controlling chemicals
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The CNS consists of ________
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Brain and spinal cord
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Which of the following are the three basic types of neurons?
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interneurons, sensory neurons, motor neurons
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Which of the following are responsible for acting as a facilitator of communication between neurons?
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Interneurons
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The peripheral nervous system consists of the ________ and the _________ nervous systems.
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autonomic; somatic
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In the peripheral nervous system, _____ carry messages from special sense receptors in the skin, muscles, and other internal and external sense organs to the spinal cord.
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Sensory pathway neurons
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Involuntary muscles are controlled by the ______ nervous system
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Autonomic
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When you see someone you have a crush on and your heart pounds, your hands get sweaty, and your cheeks feel hot, your _____ is/are active
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Autonomic nervous system
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The branch of the autonomic nervous system that restores the body to normal functioning after arousal and is responsible for day to day functioning of the organs and glands is called the ________.
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Parasympathetic nervous system
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Insertion into the brain of a thin wire through which is sent an electrical current that destroys the brain cells at the tip of the wire is called ________
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Deep lesioning
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Which equipment is used to monitor brain waves?
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Electroencephalogram
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A brain-imaging method that takes computer-controlled x-rays of the brain is called _________
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computerized axial tomography
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Rashad is in the hospital and is about to undergo a brain-imaging process that involves placing him inside a magnetic field so that a computer can create three-dimensional images of his brain. what procedure is he about to undergo?
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MRI
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The point at which the nerves from the left side of the body cross over into the right side of the brain, and vice versa, is the _________
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Pons
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What is the main function of the reticular formation?
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to control levels of alertness
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The cerebellum ________
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coordinates involuntary rapid fine-motor movement
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Which of the following is a group of several brain structures located under the cortex and involved in learning, emotion, memory, and motivation?
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Limbic system
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Which of the following is a likely effect of damage to the hypothalmus?
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Deregulation of hormones
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If you have a problem remembering things that happened a year ago, doctors might check for damage to the _________ area of the brain.
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Hippocampus
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The _______ instantly assesses anger of threat
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Amygdala
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After a head injury a person reports that she is unable to see, although her eyes are uninjured. A doctor would suspect an injury in the ________ lobe.
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Occipital
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Damage to the _____ would result in an inability to identify and comprehend what is seen through the eyes.
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Visual association cortex
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Warren is having trouble deciding what he wants to eat for breakfast. Which lobe of his brain is especially active as he makes his selection?
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Frontal
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Marta was in an automobile accident and suffered an injury to her brain resulting in paralysis of her left arm. What part of Marta's brain was injured?
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Motor cortex
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The area of the frontal lobe that is devoted to the production of fluent speech is ________ area.
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Broca's
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The area at the back of the temporal lobe that is crucial in the ability to listen, process, and understand what others are saying is _____ area.
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Wernicke's
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Which of the following is a function of the right hemisphere?
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Perception, expression of emotion, and recognition of patterns
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Denise just received the results of a complete physical that found her body is not producing enough insulin. Which of the following endocrine glands is affecting her body's ability to produce insulin?
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Pancreas
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The sex glands, which secrete hormones that regulate sexual development and behavior as well as reproduction, are called ________.
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Gonads
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The _______, located on the top of the kidneys, secrete hormones that regulate salt intake, control stress reactions, and provide a secondary source of sex hormones affecting the sexual changes that occur in adolescence.
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Adrenal glands
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________ is the mental process of making sense of sensory information
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Perception
