Question 1

When Anne Treisman (1960) repeated the research of Donald Broadbent in an attempt to clarify his theory that attentional processes act as a filter through which certain stimuli pass, she was able to verify his findings and extended his theory in different ways. This demonstrates the incredible value of

Accepted Answer

replication

Question 2

Which part of a neuron is a long, tail-like extension that carries messages out to other cells?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Question 3

Which of the following is the best example of the signal-to-noise ratio?

Accepted Answer

Robyn has to shout over the boisterous crowd at the football game to be heard.

Question 4

A mental shortcut that helps us to streamline our thinking and make sense of our world is called a

Accepted Answer

Heuristic

Question 5

Jason was conducting an evaluation of a restaurant waitress. He sat at the table with a list of things to observe in front of him, and the waitress noticed that he was assessing her every move. He noticed that she began acting more professionally around him, was friendlier, and gave him extra attention. Why would Jason have been better off using naturalistic observation for this assessment?

Accepted Answer

So that his observations would not have changed the waitress\'s behaviors.

Question 6

Quentin is suffering from a disorder that causes him to have problems recognizing everyday objects. The other day he was looking at a wine glass and couldn\'t come up with its name. He said to his wife, \"I want one of those things that you hold the wine in,\" but try as he did he could not find the word \"glass.\" This demonstrates a form of visual ________.

Accepted Answer

agnosia

Question 7

As we age, we are more likely to need glasses because

Accepted Answer

Our lens lose flexibility

Question 8

Our visual sensory receptor cells are located

Accepted Answer

Retina

Question 9

With its concern on the adaptive functions provided by the various psychological characteristics, evolutionary psychology is most like what early psychological school of thought?

Accepted Answer

Functionalism

Question 10

Occam\'s Razor is another name for what critical thinking principle?

Accepted Answer

Principle of parsimony

Question 11

Your teacher asks you to describe the sequence of parts of a neuron that the impulse travels during neural conduction. Which of the following sequences will you offer?

Accepted Answer

dendrites, soma, axon, axon termina

Question 12

Dr. Richburg\'s botany class gathers specimens outside of the classroom for further study. Dr. Richburg instructs his students to develop a scientific theory that helps explain the biodiversity of the plants. The resulting theory should

Accepted Answer

explain observations about the plants and predict new findings about plant biodiversity.

Question 13

The term __________ refers to the tendency to perceive meaningful connections among unrelated phenomena.

Accepted Answer

Paternicity

Question 14

A brain-imaging method using magnetic fields to measure the release of energy from water in biological tissues is called ______________.

Accepted Answer

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 15

One difficulty in conducting medical research is that participants often assume that any treatment will be effective in alleviating their symptoms. Therefore, a researcher has to design an experiment that measures the influence of

Accepted Answer

the placebo effect.

Question 16

Stanton is taking chemistry with Ms. Neville and has heard many negative stories about her class from his friends. The fact that his beliefs about Ms. Neville affect his interpretation of his interactions with her during the school year is an example of

Accepted Answer

top-down processing.

Question 17

Which of these is part of the APA ethical principles for human research?

Accepted Answer

Research participants must give informed consent.

Question 18

Sigmund Freud was a leading figure in which perspective of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis

Question 19

Cason is initially blinded as he walks out of a daytime movie. However, very rapidly his eyes begin to adjust to the bright light. What is the best explanation for his rapid recovery?

Accepted Answer

Sensory adaptation

Question 20

The study of rare or unusual phenomena is most easily done through the use of the ________ design.

Accepted Answer

Case Study

Question 21

The fact that our eyes see near objects as being quite different while seeing distant objects as being quite similar is known as __________.

Accepted Answer

binocular disparity

Question 22

The assumption that a relationship between two variables indicates a direct, cause-and-effect relationship between them is the basis of the ________ fallacy.

Accepted Answer

correlation-causation

Question 23

A classmate tells you the following, \"It\'s not how a teacher answers your question that matters but how you interpret his or her attempt at answering your question that leaves you satisfied or unsatisfied with his or her answer.\" This statement fits most closely with ideas from the school of thought known as

Accepted Answer

cognitivism

Question 24

Vincent is designing a research study as part of his Master\'s thesis. He wants to do a laboratory study where he can control as many variables as possible, but he is concerned that his findings will not generalize very well from the laboratory setting to the real world. In technical terms, Vincent is concerned about the ________ of his study.

Accepted Answer

external validity

Question 25

Modern psychology is best considered to be a

Accepted Answer

science.

Question 26

__________ studies allow us to make predictions about one variable based on the knowledge of another.

Accepted Answer

Correlational

Question 27

The conversion of external energy into something that the nervous system can understand is known as

Accepted Answer

transduction

Question 28

The ________ speeds up the passage of electrical messages by acting as an insulator of the neuronal signal.

Accepted Answer

myelin sheath

Question 29

Developmental psychologists are trying to evaluate different explanations for the effects of poor parenting on behavior problems in children. One important scientific thinking principle that the psychologists should keep in mind is to

Accepted Answer

rule out rival hypotheses using additional research.

Question 30

Brittany, a softball player who plays catcher for the local college, has thrown out base stealers at a 42, 39, and 41 percent rate over her three years. Her performance could be considered which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Reliable

Question 31

Clay has played professional soccer for seven years and is easily able to tune out the sound of the crowd and all other irrelevant sensory information during the game. Bruce is a rookie and is often distracted by what his opponents are saying and the mood of the crowd. Clay and Bruce are showing differing levels of

Accepted Answer

selective attention.

Question 32

__________ involves the detection of energy by sense organs, whereas __________ involves interpreting sensory inputs.

Accepted Answer

sensation, transduction

Question 33

Which of the following are the three basic types of neurons?

Accepted Answer

interneurons, sensory nerves, motor nerves

Question 34

When Stewart wakes up at night and has to walk from his bedroom to the bathroom in the dark, he is most directly aided in this process by his

Accepted Answer

rods.

Question 35

If research finds that those who drive taxicabs have enlarged areas of their hippocampi, you may be tempted to believe that driving a cab and engaging in such visuospatial activities each day causes the hippocampus areas to grow. This may or may not be the case, and this riddle demonstrates the principle of

Accepted Answer

correlation vs. causation.

Question 36

Which of the following is one of the two types of statistics that researchers use to analyze the data that they collect?

Accepted Answer

Inferential statistics

Question 37

When a neuron fires, it fires in a(n) ________ fashion as there is no such thing as \"partial\" firing.

Accepted Answer

all-or-none

Question 38

Light, a central player in our visual perception of the world, is a form of

Accepted Answer

...

Question 39

What psychological school first identified that visual perception occurs in terms of whole objects rather than individual component parts?

Accepted Answer

Gestalt

Question 40

Sarah is a pianist who reports that she sees musical tones as colors. This is one example of

Accepted Answer

synesthesia

Question 41

Roger feels something land on his hand but has yet to interpret that feeling in order to interpret or identify it. At this point in time, Roger has experienced which process(es)?

Accepted Answer

Sensation

Question 42

The lowest level of a stimulus needed for the nervous system to detect a change half the time is called the

Accepted Answer

just noticeable difference

Question 43

What is one take home message from the discussion of autism and facilitated communication?

Accepted Answer

...

Question 44

Rona believes that women make better elementary school teachers than men because women are more nurturing and less legalistic. When you present her with data that indicate male teachers perform very well at the elementary level, she tries to discredit the information. Rona is a victim of

Accepted Answer

belief perseverance

Question 45

While listening to the radio, Mrs. Schwartz heard about a new product. \"Swallow our capsule, and it will grow to 100 times its size! This keeps your stomach feeling full and decreases your appetite. You can lose up to 20 pounds in the first two weeks!\" Which principle of critical thinking should Mrs. Schwartz use before ordering this magic pill?

Accepted Answer

Remembering that extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence

Question 46

When assessing patients\' personalities using an \"ink blot\" test that she created, Dr. Hardcastle is gaining confidence in the test\'s reliability. Which of the following is likely to be happening?

Accepted Answer

...

Question 47

The ________ nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

central

Question 48

Bill was admitted to the hospital last week after he fell. When Bill\'s son visited, he found his father was unable to get words out in a smooth, connected fashion. If Bill\'s difficulty speaking is due to brain damage, what is the likely location of the damage?

Accepted Answer

Broca\'s area

Question 49

Phineas Gage tragically had a tamping iron propelled through his head. Both left and right sides of the prefrontal cortex were severely damaged. As a result of the accident, Phineas Gage

Accepted Answer

suffered a change in personality.

Question 50

Which of the following is the section of the brain located at the rear of each cerebral hemisphere and contains the visual centers of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 51

As Joe walks to his car late at night, he hears footsteps behind him. Feeling afraid, Joe grips his keys and quickens his pace. It is likely that Joe\'s ________ has been activated

Accepted Answer

amygdala

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