question

use of psychological techniques to treat personality and behavior disorders

answer

psychotherapy

question

variety of individual psychotherapies designed to give people a better awareness and understanding of their feelings, motivations, and actions in the hope that this will help them to adjust

answer

insight therapies

question

theory of personality Freud develpoed as well as the form of therapy he invented

answer

psychoanalysis (Freud)

question

psychoanalytic technique that encourages the person to talk without inhibition about whatever thoughts or fantasies come to mind

answer

free association

question

result of free association that, according to Freud, provides insight into the person's unconscious

answer

"stream of consciousness"

question

the client's carrying over to the analyst feelings held toward childhood authority figures

answer

transference

question

when a client feels good about the analyst (therapist)

answer

positive transference

question

crucial step in psychoanalysis- presumably reveals negative feelings toward authority figures and resistance to uncovering repressed emotions

answer

negative transference

question

an analyst suggests alternative meanings for clients' feelings, memories, and actions

answer

interpret

question

goal of interpretation; awareness of previously unconscious feelings and memories and how they influence present feelings and behavior

answer

insight

question

analysis takes great motivation to change and an ability to deal rationally with whatever the analysis uncovers

answer

what leads to successful therapy?

question

traditional analysis may take five or more years, with 3-5 sessions a week

answer

how long does it take for therapy to work?

question

nondirectional form of therapy which calls for unconditional positive regard by the therapist with the goal of helping the client become fully functioning

answer

client-centered therapy (Carl Rogers)

question

the therapist must express unconditional positive regard (true acceptance of clients no matter what they say) and they must be nondirective (do not suggest reasons for why clients feel a certain way, etc.)

answer

what were rogers' ideas about therapy?

question

research shows that a therapist's warmth and understanding increase success, regardless of the therapeutic approach

answer

rogers' interest in the process of therapy resulted in important and lasting contributions to the field

question

insight therapy that emphasizes the wholeness of the personality and attempts to reawaken people to their emotions and sensations in the here and now; designed to help people become more genuine or "real" in day-to-day interactions

answer

gestalt therapy (Frederick Perls)

question

a person speaks to part of himself that they imagine to be sitting in an empty chair

answer

empty-chair technique

question

insight therapy that is time-limited and focused on trying to help clients correct the immediate problems in their lives

answer

short-term psychodynamic therapy

question

usually 25 sessions; 75% of people experience improvement in this time frame

answer

what time-limits does this short-term therapy have?

question

therapeutic approaches that are based on the belief that all behavior, normal and abnormal, is learned, and that the objective of therapy is to teach people new, more satisfying ways of behaving

answer

behavior therapy

question

behavioral technique for reducing a person's fear and anxiety by gradually associating a new response (relaxation) with stimuli that have been causing the fear and anxiety; helps with fears and phobias

answer

systematic desensitization

question

a list of situations from the least to the most anxiety-provoking

answer

hierarchy of fears

question

when clients gradually confront their fears in the real world rather than merely in their imaginations

answer

when is desensitization most effective?

question

full-intensity exposure to a feared stimulus for a prolonged period of time

answer

flooding

question

behavioral therapy techniques aimed at eliminating undesirable behavior patterns by teaching the person to associate them with pain and discomfort

answer

aversive conditioning

question

a study of ~800 people who completed alcohol-aversion treatment found that 63% maintained continuous abstinence for at least 12 months

answer

numbers regarding aversive conditioning?

question

form of operant conditioning therapy in which the client and therapist set behavioral goals and agree on reinforcements that the client will receive on reaching those goals

answer

behavior contracting

question

an operant conditioning therapy in which people earn tokens (reinforcers) for desired behaviors and exchange them for desired items or privileges; usually used in schools and hospitals; proven to be effective in modifying the behavior of people who are resistance to other forms of treatment (schizophrenic patients)

answer

token economies

question

behavior therapy in which the person learns desired behaviors by watching others perform those behaviors; successful in helping people with schizophrenia; used to teach people w/ mental retardation job skills and appropriate responses

answer

modeling

question

psychotherapies that emphasize changing clients' perceptions of their life situation as a way of modifying their behavior

answer

cognitive therapies

question

type of cognitive therapythat trains clients to cope with stressful situations by learning a more useful pattern of self-talk

answer

stress-inoculation therapy

question

a directive cognitive therapy based on the idea that clients' psychological distress is caused by irrational and self-defeating beliefs and that the therapist's job is to challenge such dysfunctional beliefs

answer

rational-emotive therapy (Albert Ellis)

question

therapy that depends on identifying and changing inappropriately negative and self-critical patterns of thought; cognitive therapists are must less challenging and confrontational than rational-emotive therapists

answer

Beck's cognitive therapy

question

type of psychotherapy in which clients meet regularly to interact and help one another achieve insight into their feelings and behavior

answer

group therapy

question

a good group offers social support, a feeling that one is not alone in their problems; it helps one to learn useful new behaviors such as how to express feelings, to disagree without antagonizing others, etc

answer

what makes group therapy good?

question

40-45 million Americans suffer from a psychological problem and self-help groups are a low-cost form of treament

answer

self-help groups

question

sees the family as at least partly responsible for the individual's problems and seeks to change all family members' behaviors to the benefit of the family unit as well as the troubled individual

answer

family therapy

question

improving family communication, encouraging family members to become more empathetic, getting them to share responsibilities, and reducing conflict within the family

answer

primary goals of family therapy

question

intended to help troubled partners improve their problems of communication and interaction; generally more effective than therapy for only one of them

answer

couple therapy

question

individuals of a couple are taught to share inner feelings and to listen to and understand the partner's feelings before responding to them

answer

empathy training

question

twice as many people improve with formal therapy than with no treatment at all; recovery rate for people who receive no therapeutic help is less than one-third

answer

effectiveness of psychotherapy

question

best for relatively mild psychological problems and seems to provide greatest benefits to people who really want to change; long-term therapy is better than short-term

answer

who does psychotherapy work best for?

question

1. provides people with an explanation for their problems 2. hope and the expectation for improvement 3. therapeutic alliance with a therapist

answer

what do all forms of psychotherapy have in common?

question

people seeking profound self-understanding, relief of inner conflict and anxiety, or better relationships with others

answer

insight therapy is best for?

question

treating specific anxieties or other well-defined behavioral problems

answer

behavior therapy is best for?

question

individual counseling for the treatment of drug abuse

answer

family therapy is better than?

question

treating depression

answer

cognitive therapy is most effective for?

question

psychotherapeutic approach that recognizes the value of a broad treatment package over a rigid commitment to one particular form of therapy

answer

eclecticism

question

group of approaches, including meds, ECT, and psychocurgery, that is sometimes used to treat psychological disorders in conjunction with, or instead of, psychotherapy

answer

biological treatments

question

1. some people are too agitated for psychotherapy 2. biological treatment is virtually always used for disorders with a strong biological component 3. biological treatment is often used for people who are dangerous to themselves and to others

answer

why are biological treatments sometimes selected over other forms of treatment?

question

1. development of several very effective psychoactive medications 2. less expensive than psychotherapy

answer

two major reasons for the widespread use of drug therapies

question

used to treat very severe psychological disorders, particularly schizophrenia; include reserpine and phenothiazines; work by blocking dopamine receptors; not effective for treating "negative symptoms" like social withdrawal

answer

antipsychotic drugs

question

blurred vision, constipation, tardive dyskinesia (permanent disturbance of motor control, particularly in the face; risk of this increases with length of time the meds are taken); these drugs only alleviate symptoms while the person is taking the drugs; they are of little value in treating problems of social adjustment

answer

side effects of antipsychotics?

question

used to combat depression and reducing episodes of panic and alleviating OCD symptoms; two main types in the 1980s were monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO inhibitors) and tricyclics, both of which work by increasing the concentration of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain

answer

antidepressant drugs

question

came out in 1988; works by reducing amount of serotonin uptake by nervous system, increasing amount of active serotonin in the brain at any given moment; known as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

answer

Prozac

question

used to treat bipolar disorder or manic depression; effect in 75% of cases, but often prescribed along with antidepressants because it is slow to take effect

answer

lithium

question

heighten alertness and arousal; commonly used to treat ADHD/ADD; a study in 2000 showed that children between 2-4 yrs who take stimulants and antidepressants has doubled recently

answer

psychostimulants

question

quickly produce a sense of calm and mild euphoria; used to reduce general tension and stress; ex. Valium

answer

antianxiety medications

question

produce both calm and drowsiness; used to treat agitation or to induce sleep

answer

sedatives

question

most often used for cases of prolonged and severe depression that do not respond to other forms of treatment; electrodes are placed on each side of a person's head and amild current is turned on for 1.5 sec.; treatment consists of 10 or fewer sessions of ECT

answer

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

question

electric current is passed through only one side of the brain; produces fewer side effects such as memory impairment and confusion; other modifications of ECT include shorter durations (0.4 sec)

answer

unilateral ECT

question

it works; the fatality rate for ECT is markedly lower than for people on antidepressants; best considered as "last resort"

answer

how effective is ECT?

question

brain surgery performed to change a person's behavior and emotional state; a biological therapy rarely used today

answer

prefrontal lobotomy

question

hospitilization has been used for the past 150 yrs; state hospitals have often been little more than warehouses for victims of serious mental illness who were unwanted by their families

answer

how were mentally ill people cared for in the past?

question

1. agitated people could not be sedated with drugs instead of physical restraints 2. widespread release of people with severe psychological disorders back into the community

answer

emergence of drug therapies in 1950s changed state hospitals

question

policy of treating poeple with severe mental disorders in the larger community, or in small residential centers such as halfway houses, rather than in larger public hospitals

answer

deinstitutionlization

question

1. discharged people often find poorly funded community mental health centers 2. social stigma of mental illness 3. health insurance discourages outpatient care

answer

600 regional mental health centers accounted for 1.6 million cases of outpatient care

question

argued to shift away from hospitalization

answer

Charles Kiesler

question

9 out of the 10 studies found alternative treatments to have more positive outcomes than expensive hospitalization

answer

Kiesler examined 10 controlled studies in which seriously disturbed people were randomly assigned to either hospitals or alternative programs

question

requires finding and eliminating the conditions that cause or contribute to mental disorders and substitute conditions that foster well-being

answer

prevention

question

techniques and programs to improve the social environment so that new cases of mental disorders do not develop (ex. family planning, genetic counseling)

answer

primary prevention

question

programs to identify groups that are at high risk for mental disorders and to detect maladaptive behavior in these groups and treat it promptly (ex. intervention)

answer

secondary prevention

question

programs to help people adjust to community life after release from a mental hospital; includes efforts to educate the community that a person is reentering the community

answer

tertiary prevention

question

critics say that women in therapy are often encouraged to adopt traditional, male-oriented views of what is "normal" or "appropriate" because most therapists are male

answer

equal treatment

question

70% of prescriptions written by psychiatrists are for women, even though women only account for 58% of their office visits; women receive 70-80% of antidepressant prescriptions even though they make up 2/3 of all cases

answer

women receive a disproportionate share of drugs for mental disorders

question

"fear of people"; rarely found outside of Japan; example of American therapists requiring special training to recognize disorders of a different culture

answer

Taijin Kyofusho

Psych ch. 13: Therapies – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards