Psych 313 chapter 14 – Flashcards
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_____ develops when the smooth lining of a joint, known as the articular cartilage, begins to crack or wear away because of overuse, injury, or other causes.
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Osteoarthritis
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Cognitive-behavioral intervention programs that work with other at-risk populations may not work as well with IV drug users because
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they lack good impulse control
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Which of the following statements is true of rheumatoid arthritis?
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It primarily occurs in middle-aged people and the elderly.
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Providing long-term care to friends or family members with long-term illness has been linked to adverse effects on almost all functional measures of the immune system. This can be attributed to caregivers'
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experience of severe stressors
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AIDS is caused by a
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retrovirus
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HIV primarily affects
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helper T cells and macrophages
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Hayden found out that he is HIV seropositive during his last general checkup. However, Hayden has not experienced any of the symptoms that indicate the onset of AIDS. Which of the following is most likely to lead to the onset of the disease in Hayden?
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negative expectations of the disease
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Susan, Sarah, and Charlotte are suffering from breast cancer. Susan is a middle-class white woman whose family and friends provide her with emotional and instrumental social support. Sarah is a single Hispanic woman from a working-class family. Her parents are deceased, her siblings do not contact her, and her children are too frightened to be of much support. Charlotte is an African-American woman who was widowed recently. According to the scenario, who is more likely to survive the longest?
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susan
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Activation of the HPA axis
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reduces the release of cytokines
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Children do better managing their diabetes regimen when their parents
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ensure that the children's blood glucose levels stay steady
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_____ is likely to mute the adverse effects of stress on the immune system.
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Relaxation training
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Which of the following statements is true of Type I diabetes?
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It is characterized by an abrupt onset of symptoms
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Which of the following statements is true of cognitive-behavioral interventions?
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They can help in maintaining adherence
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Megan has breast cancer. She is anxious and depressed. She is scared of the impending surgery. Also, she worried that the cancer might recur and that it might be fatal. Which of the following therapies is her oncologist likely to recommend to help her cope with her fear and worries?
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cognitive behavioral therapy
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Which of the following statements is true of short-term stressors?
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they elicit immune responses that anticipate the entry of infectious agents into the bloodstream
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People who use the Internet to manage their HIV seropositive status are likely to _____ than those not using the Internet.
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engage in more information-seeking
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HIV can be transmitted by _____ a person suffering from AIDS.
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sharing needles with
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Juan is very stressed about his recent divorce. He is preoccupied with thoughts of his ex-wife. How is this stress likely to affect his immune system?
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His immune system will be less active than before
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_____ are most likely to disclose their HIV status.
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People with strong social support networks
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Which of the following statements best defines autoimmune diseases?
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diseases in which the immune system attacks the body's own tissues, falsely identifying them as invaders
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Educational interventions are an effective means of
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reducing behaviors that might infect others
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The interactions among behavioral, neuroendocrine, and immunological processes of adaptation are referred to as
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psychoneuroimmunology
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Who among the following is likely to have low natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity?
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Martha, who is using avoidant coping methods to cope with the stress caused by the death of a friend
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All cancers result from
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a dysfunction in DNA
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Which of the following statements is true about osteoarthritis?
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It involves the deterioration of cartilage in weight-bearing joints: the hips, knees, and spine.
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_____ is the most common difficulty experienced as a result of cancer.
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Depression
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Cancers are hard to study because
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they have long or irregular growth cycles
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Identify a true statement about rheumatoid arthritis.
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It is a disease in which complete recovery is possible
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Who among the following are likely to develop fewer cancers?
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married people
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Identify a true statement about osteoarthritis.
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It can be managed by reducing one's weight
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Cancer patients who receive social support are likely to
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express improved immunologic responses to cancer
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Evidence suggests that some of the adverse effects of depression on immunity may be mediated by
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sleep disturbances
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Who among the following patients is likely to be better adjusted and most successful in coping with HIV infection?
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John, who feels that he has some control over the disease and has taken personal responsibility for his treatment
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Which of the following actions has been found to be associated with increased levels of CD4 and helper cells?
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disclosing one's HIV+ status
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Which of the following statements is true about antiretroviral therapy?
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It can be used to reduce sexual transmission of HIV
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Which of the following symptoms will occur first in a person affected with AIDS?
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swollen glands
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In the context of cancer, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention focuses on
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reducing depression and controlling fear of recurrence
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Which of the following is a symptom of rheumatoid arthritis?
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inflammation
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Sarah was recently informed that she has AIDS. She is very depressed and has isolated herself from her friends. Which of the following actions is most likely to help her cope with her situation?
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practicing meditation
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Who among the following are likely to adhere to antiretroviral therapy (HAART)? [or ART]
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people with social support
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The period between contracting HIV and developing symptoms of AIDS is most strongly influenced by
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socioeconomic factors
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_____ levels are indicative of inflammatory activity and may increase in response to stress.
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Cytokine
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Which of the following statements best describes rheumatoid arthritis?
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It is an autoimmune disorder
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Which of the following will improve immune functioning during stressful events?
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finding benefits
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Which of the following parts of the body will be affected by osteoarthritis?
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spine
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Which of the following statements is true of the relationship between stress and the immune system?
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Brief stressors lead to changes in cytokine production
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_____ is a generalized defense against pathogens.
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Natural immunity
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According to research, how do pessimism and psychological distress affect the course of cancer?
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They alter the function of the body's immune system, which allows cancer to flourish
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Which of the following is an early symptom of central nervous system impairment in people suffering from AIDS?
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psychomotor retardation
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Which of the following is a positive effect of depression?
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rapid wound healing
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The tendency to seek social support and the perception that one had good emotional support were associated with _____ suggesting buffering of stress responses.
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high NK cell activity
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Studies of personality and coping styles have found that the stress-immune functioning relationship is moderated by:
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optimism
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Who among the following is likely to develop AIDS slower?
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Whites who test positive for HIV
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The most promising development in the treatment of AIDS is:
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HAART
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Which of the following has been found to contribute to positive adjustment and long-term survival among people with AIDS?
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Disclosing one's HIV-seropositive status
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Who among the following is most likely to disclose their HIV status?
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People with Latin origin
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Albert has been suffering from cancer for a year. The progression of the disease was faster in the first few months and later decreased gradually. Although Albert was suffering from cancer, the symptoms were more controlled in the later months. Which of the following is most likely the reason for the change in the course of the disease?
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He was not able to accept that he was suffering from cancer during the first few months
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In therapy that is based on _____, therapists try to focus on the specific issues faced by the cancer patient.
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crisis intervention formal
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Susan has breast cancer. She is anxious and depressed. Although she receives a lot of help from her family and friends, she is unable to manage her treatment regime. She is scared of losing the organ and is worried about the reoccurrence of the cancer and pain. She is also worried that her cancer might be fatal. Her oncologist is like to recommend her therapy that follows the _____ format.
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crisis intervention
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Which of the following best describes rheumatoid arthritis?
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It usually results in depression which may enhance the pain
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Studies have found impaired immune functioning among bereaved individuals.
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true
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Humoral immunity operates at the cellular level and is mediated by T lymphocytes.
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false
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Studies with human subjects indicate that exposure to stressors is related to immunologic change.
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true
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Impaired immune functioning has been found in samples of adults who have experienced short-term marital conflict, marital separation, and divorce.
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true
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One of the most common symptoms for women with AIDS is a gynecologic infection.
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true
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A person may test HIV-seropositive (HIV+) but be free of a diagnosis of AIDS for years.
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true
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Past sexual practice is an important predictor of AIDS-related risk behaviors.
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true
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Japanese American women are more susceptible to breast cancer the longer they have lived in the United States and the more they have adopted the American culture.
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true
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The most prevalent of the autoimmune diseases is cancer.
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false
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People suffering from Type I diabetes have higher adherence to self-management programs compared to the other programs.
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false
