question

Your therapist is very interested in your dreams, blocked memories, and slips of the tongue. On which approach to psychology is your therapist probably basing his psychotherapy?

answer

psychoanalysis

question

Biological psychology, also known as biopsychology, was formerly called physiological psychology. True or false?

answer

True

question

One of the pie charts presented in Chapter 1 listed the specialty areas of psychologists who had recently received their doctorates. Which specialty area was selected most often?

answer

clinical psychology

question

The word replicate refers to:

answer

a second statistical analysis of the study's results by an independent researcher.

question

When there is a failure to find a significant effect that actually exists, this is referred to as a:

answer

Type II error.

question

Which of the following best defines a neurotransmitter?

answer

a chemical messenger that crosses the synaptic gap between neurons

question

An action potential occurs when:

answer

sodium ions enter the axon's interior, causing a brief positive electrical impulse.

question

Glial cells provide structural support and nutrition for neurons and remove waste products. True or False?

answer

True

question

During the process of reuptake, glial cells do not absorb unused neurotransmitters and then transfer the neurotransmitters to the appropriate neuron. True or False?

answer

True

question

The brain's ability to change function and structure is called cortical plasticity. True or False?

answer

True

question

The hypothalamus exerts control over the endocrine system by directly triggering activity in the:

answer

pituitary gland

question

Two important language regions in the brain, Broca's area and Wernicke's area, are named after the European scientists who discovered their functions in the mid-1800s. True or False?

answer

True

question

A German neurologist named _____ identified an area on the left temporal lobe that, when damaged, disrupted the ability to understand written or spoken language.

answer

Karl Wernicke

question

Anions are ________ charged molecules located ________ the axon.

answer

negatively; inside

question

The process by which a single neuron relays messages to other neurons is called:

answer

synaptic transmission.

question

In the process of communication between neurons, neurotransmitter molecules are released into the gap between neurons by the:

answer

synaptic vesicles.

question

During depolarization, ________ molecules rush into the axon; during repolarization, ________ molecules rush out of the axon.

answer

sodium; potassium

question

An axon is polarized when:

answer

the inside of the axon is electrically negative with respect to the outside.

question

The hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus are all part of the:

answer

limbic system

question

The part of the cerebral cortex that controls voluntary muscle movements is the:

answer

motor cortex.

question

The limbic system structure that influences aggression and fear is the:

answer

amygdala

question

Which of the following are functions of the cerebellum? A. control breathing and heartbeat B. coordinate balance and movement C. influence sleep and dreaming D. help control alertness and attention

answer

B. coordinate balance and movement

question

If someone has difficulty understanding spoken language, he or she may have damage to:

answer

Wernicke's area.

question

A right-handed split-brain patient can most effectively assemble a puzzle with the ________ hand because the ________ hemisphere of the brain excels at spatial tasks.

answer

left; right

question

Normal people who have been blindfolded can name an object placed in their left hand because:

answer

information about the object is transferred across the corpus callosum to the left hemisphere of the brain.

question

Evidence that the left hemisphere is especially effective at processing language is provided by the fact that split-brain patients are able to: (flashing words example)

answer

read words more easily when they are flashed briefly in their right rather than their left visual field.

question

The left hemisphere of a split-brain patient receives visual input only from the ________ visual field of ________.

answer

right; both right and left eyes

question

Right-handed split-brain patients are able to: (unseen object identifying)

answer

name unseen objects placed in their right hands but not objects placed in their left hands.

question

was the functionalist who authored the textbook Principles of Psychology for the emerging discipline of psychology.

answer

William James

question

The establishment of the first psychology laboratory by _____ launched the beginning of psychology as an independent field of study.

answer

Wundt

question

Marissa's therapist frequently asks her questions about her dreams and early childhood memories. Her therapist is MOST likely a _____.

answer

psychoanalytic psychologist

question

The theory of motivation developed by _____, emphasized psychological growth.

answer

Abraham Maslow

question

The founder of the American Psychological Association was _____.

answer

G. Stanley Hall

question

Psychology was initially focused on _____ and analyzing the subjective feelings and thoughts of a person's experiences.

answer

consciousness

question

Micah is being asked in his psychotherapy sessions to discuss his early childhood experiences and dreams. Micah's therapist has MOST likely been influenced by the ideas of:

answer

Sigmund Freud

question

In her undergraduate research internship, Rosa is using positive reinforcement to help her aging rats to become more active. Rosa's strategy has been predominantly influenced by the work of:

answer

B. F. Skinner.

question

Psychologists who today focus on the adaptive function of behaviors and emotions (that is, those who study behaviors and emotions that appear to have allowed our ancestors to survive) would likely consider _____ an early representative of their approach to psychology.

answer

William James

question

Structuralists introduced which research method to identify basic elements of the human mind?

answer

introspection

question

The student of Titchener who was the first American woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology was:

answer

Margaret Floy Washburn.

question

Contemporary psychologists continue to debate some of the ideas behind the doctrine introduced by Descartes of interactive dualism, which states that:

answer

mind and body are separate entities but interact to produce sensations, emotions, and conscious experiences.

question

Is alcohol abuse biologically determined or culturally influenced? This debate is most relevant to the issue of _____.

answer

nature vs. nurture

question

In order to measure the otherwise unobservable mental processes of the mind, early scientists applied the methods of _____ to study mental processes.

answer

physiology

question

Edward Titchener was concerned primarily with the discovery of:

answer

the elements of the mind

question

Carrie is taking a graduate school course on therapy theories. One theory is about uncovering unconscious causes of behavior. It is likely that the chapter that contains this theory is on _____.

answer

psychoanalysis

question

The "third force" in American psychology is often referred to as _____.

answer

humanistic psychology

question

The first woman to serve as president of the American Psychological Association was _____.

answer

Mary Whiton Calkins

question

It is 1965 and Professor Skinner is lecturing in your introductory course. He defines psychology as "the scientific study of _____."

answer

observable behavior

question

Which perspective is most relevant to understanding links between hormone levels and sexual motivation?

answer

biological

question

Dr. Fine is a psychologist who emphasizes the importance of unconscious influences in her work. It is most likely that Dr. Fine conceptualizes her work from a _____ perspective

answer

psychodynamic

question

A focus on the different marriage rituals practiced by members of different ethnic groups is of most relevance to the _____ perspective.

answer

cross-cultural

question

In her work with them, Dr. Smith conceptualizes her patients' mental and emotional problems from a biological perspective. Dr. Smith has most likely received her training in:

answer

psychiatry.

question

Dr. Hillburton has received approval for his research grant to study the effects of divorce on children aged 5-12 in terms of maturational milestones. Dr. Hillburton is most likely a _____ psychologist.

answer

developmental

question

The _____ perspective would be most relevant to understanding the role of spaced practice on long-term memory of information.

answer

cognitive

question

A psychologist interested in facial expression, specifically, how we can recognize anger expressions from happy expressions and how it originated in our ancestors is most likely a _____ psychologist.

answer

evolutionary

question

Although cognitive processes depend on the brain, humans (and their behaviors) are also a product of the environment around them. How does cultural psychology include this aspect?

answer

It examines how behavior is influenced by the cultural values, traditions, and beliefs shared by a group.

question

Why was the advent of the computer so important for the development of cognitive psychology?

answer

Computers provided a model for studying the mind scientifically.

question

A focus on how we learn observable responses is most relevant to the _____ perspective.

answer

behavioral

question

Garret thinks human behaviors can be explained on the basis of their adaptive value over time. Which term best describes his view?

answer

evolutionary psychology

question

A culture that emphasizes group over individual needs and goals is called _____ culture.

answer

collectivistic

question

what is a perspective?

answer

a way of viewing subject matter or a phenomena

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